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25-493: The superfecta is a type of wager in the United States and Canada parimutuel betting in which the bettor, in order to win, must pick the first four finishers of a race in the correct sequence. This is even more unlikely than a successful wager in the trifecta , which requires correctly picking the first three finishers in order, and as such will have a correspondingly higher payoff. Most exotic wagers in horseracing are

50-471: A 1 dollar minimum. Due to the difficulty of the superfecta, some racetracks have lowered the minimum on the superfecta to 10 cents. This 10 cent bet is very popular with the fans as it permits a bettor with a small bankroll to cover many combinations and still have a chance for a large payoff. Due to the imprecise nature of the name (as opposed to other bets such as the trifecta), superfecta bets can sometimes require selecting more than four horses. For instance,

75-441: A Canadian or Super Yankee trying to pick five; these also include subsidiary bets. There are also other bets which are large combinations of singles, doubles, trebles and accumulators some of them are called Lucky 15, Lucky 31, Heinz, Super Heinz, Goliath. The term nap identifies the best bet of the day. Tote Ireland operates the following pools Bet types for harness racing (trotting): The Hong Kong Jockey Club (HKJC) operates

100-444: A bet involving two or more races. For example, a 1-all daily double wheel bets the 1-horse in the first race with every horse in the second. People making straight bets commonly employ the strategy of an "each way" bet. Here the bettor picks a horse and bets it will win, and makes an additional bet that it will show, so that theoretically if the horse runs third it will at least pay back the two bets. The Canadian and American equivalent

125-403: A negative breakage may occur—for example, in horse racing when an overwhelming favorite wins (or shows or places). The parimutuel calculation results might call for a very small winning payout (say, $ 1.02 or $ 1.03 on a dollar bet), but legal regulations might require a larger payout (e.g., minimum $ 1.10 on a dollar bet). This condition is sometimes referred to as a minus pool. In an event with

150-423: A ranked order. A modified parimutuel system is also used in some lottery games. Parimutuel betting differs from fixed-odds betting in that the final payout is not determined until the pool is closed – in fixed-odds betting, the payout is agreed at the time the bet is sold. Parimutuel gambling is frequently state-regulated, and offered in many places where gambling is otherwise illegal. Parimutuel gambling

175-419: A set of n possible single-winner outcomes, with wagers W 1 , W 2 , ..., W n the total pool of money on the event is W T = ∑ i = 1 n W i . {\displaystyle W_{T}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}W_{i}.} After the wagering company deducts a commission rate of r from the pool, the amount remaining to be distributed between

200-500: Is decided and the winning outcome is determined to be Outcome 4 with $ 110.00 wagered. The payout is now calculated. First the commission or take for the wagering company is deducted from the pool. For example, with a commission rate of 14.25% the calculation is: $ 1028 × 0.1425 = $ 146.49. This leaves a remaining amount of $ 881.51. This remaining amount in the pool is now distributed to those who wagered on Outcome 4: $ 881.51 / $ 110.00 = 8.01 ≈ $ 8 payout for $ 1 wagered. This payout includes

225-413: Is determined by a set multiple of the outcome, for example $ 60 for a five horse boxed trifecta at one unit ($ 1)—or $ 30 at half unit (50c). If the bet is successful, the bettor will get either the full winning amount shown on the board, or half the winning amount. Under a flexi system the bettor can nominate their desired total wager, and their percentage of payout is determined by this wager's relationship to

250-448: Is often also offered at " off track " facilities, where players may bet on the events without actually being present to observe them in person. In a hypothetical event that has eight possible outcomes, in a country using a decimal currency such as dollars , each outcome has a certain amount of money wagered: Thus, the total pool of money on the event is $ 1028.00. Following the start of the event, no more wagers are accepted. The event

275-610: Is still theoretically allowed by New South Wales regulations, the First Four bet has all but replaced it there. This type of wager is called quadrifecta in Brazil and cuatrifecta in Argentina and Uruguay ("quad-fecta"). Parimutuel betting The parimutuel system is used in gambling on horse racing , greyhound racing , jai alai , and other sporting events of relatively short duration in which participants finish in

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300-424: Is the bet across (short for across the board ): the bettor bets equal sums on the horse to win, place, and show. A parlay, accumulator or roll-up consists of a series of bets in which bettors stake the winnings from one race on the next in order until either the bettor loses or the series completes successfully. In Australia, certain exotic bet types can be laid as "flexi" bets. Usually the price of an exotic bet

325-468: The k winners, those who bet on outcome m will receive a payout of ( W R / k ) / W m for every dollar they bet on it. The parimutuel system was invented by French- Catalan entrepreneur and showman impresario Joseph Oller in 1867. The large amount of calculation involved in this system led to the invention of a specialized mechanical calculating machine known as a totalisator , "automatic totalisator" or "tote board", invented by

350-633: The Australian engineer George Alfred Julius . The first was installed at Ellerslie Racecourse , Auckland , New Zealand, in 1913, and they came into widespread use at race courses throughout the world. The U.S. introduction was in 1927, which led to the opening of the suburban Arlington Racetrack in Arlington Park , near Chicago, and Sportsman's Park in Cicero, Illinois , in 1932. Unlike many forms of casino gambling, in parimutuel betting

375-601: The New South Wales TAB in Australia previously offered a superfecta bet on selected races requiring bettors to pick the first six finishers in the correct order, rather than four. The bet requiring the selection of four finishers in order is instead referred to by most Australian totalisators as a First Four bet (or in Western Australia as a Quartet ). Although the first-six superfecta bet

400-461: The $ 1 wagered plus an additional $ 7 profit. Thus, the odds on Outcome 4 are 7-to-1 (or, expressed as decimal odds , 8.01). Prior to the event, betting agencies will often provide an approximate pay-out figure for each given outcome should no more bets be accepted after the current time. Using the wagers and commission rate above (14.25%), an approximates table in decimal odds and fractional odds would be: In real-life examples, such as horse racing ,

425-542: The bettor. They may reduce their take from 15–18% to as little as 1–2%, while still generating a profit by operating with minimal overhead . There may be several different types of bets, in which case each type of bet has its own pool. The basic bets involve predicting the order of finish for a single participant, as follows: In Canada and the United States , the most common types of bet on horse races include: Win, place and show wagers class as straight bets, and

450-527: The following common bet types and pools for horse racing. In Japan , horse racing (競馬, keiba ), velodrome cycling (競輪, keirin ), stock outboard powerboat racing (競艇, Kyōtei ), and paved flat track motorcycle racing (オートレース, Auto Race ) operate the following parimutuel types. Wager must be a multiple of 100 yen except Each-way. The following bet type are offered by the government-controlled betting agency Pari Mutuel Urbain (PMU). Tiercé, Quarté+ and Quinté+ bets are typically only offered on

475-566: The full unit price. Using a five horse box trifecta, the bettor may wish to lay only $ 20 on the outcome. Their percentage of winnings is now calculated as $ 20/$ 60 = 33.3%. If the bet is successful, the payout will be 33.3% of the winning amount for a full unit bet. In recent times the "Roving Banker" variant for Trifecta and First4 betting is now offered. For a Roving Banker First4 the player selects one, two or three runners they believe will definitely finish 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th, and up to three selections as Roving Banker(s) with other runners to fill

500-482: The gambler bets against other gamblers, not the house, which necessarily implies that the bank cannot be broken . The science of predicting the outcome of a race is called handicapping . Independent off-track bookmakers typically have a smaller take and thus offer better payoffs, but they are illegal in some countries. However, the introduction of Internet gambling led to "rebate shops". These off-shore betting shops promise to return some percentage of every bet made to

525-489: The pool size often extends into millions of dollars with many different types of outcomes (winning horses) and complex commission calculations. Sometimes, the amounts paid out are rounded down to a denomination interval—in California , Australia , and British Columbia , 10¢ intervals are used. The rounding loss is known as breakage and is retained by the betting agency as part of the commission. In some situations,

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550-510: The remaining place(s). A Roving Banker Trifecta is where the player believes that one or two runners will definitely finish 1st, 2nd or 3rd. The bet can be placed by picking the player's favourite runner to finish in any place within the bet and complete the Trifecta with any number of other runners to fill the other placing(s). The following pools are operated at meetings in mainland Britain: Exotic wagers are usually made on horses running at

575-459: The remaining wagers as exotic bets. Bettors usually make multiple wagers on exotic bets. A box consists of a multiple wager in which bettors bet all possible combinations of a group of horses in the same race. A key involves making a multiple wager with a single horse in one race bet in one position with all possible combinations of other selected horses in a single race. A multi-race wheel (cf. wheel, above) consists of betting all horses in one race of

600-576: The same track on the same program. In the United Kingdom , bookmakers also offer exotic wagers on horses at different tracks. Probably the Yankee occurs most commonly: in this the bettor tries to pick the winner of four races. This bet also includes subsidiary wagers on smaller combinations of the chosen horses; for example, if only two of the four horses win, the bettor still collects for their double. A Trixie requires trying to pick three winners, and

625-408: The successful bettors is W R = W T (1 − r ) . Those who bet on the successful outcome m will receive a payout of W R / W m for every dollar they bet on it. When there are k possible winners, such as a North American "place" bet which has k = 2 winners, the total amount to be distributed W R is first divided into k equal shares. If m is one of

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