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54-491: Super Micro Computer, Inc. , dba Supermicro , is an American information technology company based in San Jose, California . The company is one of the largest producers of high-performance and high-efficiency servers , while also providing server management software, and storage systems for various markets, including enterprise data centers , cloud computing , artificial intelligence , 5G , and edge computing . Supermicro

108-533: A $ 150 billion market value loss. SEBI claims Hindenburg's report misled readers and created panic. Hindenburg denies the allegations, calling SEBI's actions an attempt to silence critics and asserting minimal profits from the Adani shorts. In August 2024, Hindenburg Research released a report accusing SEBI chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch and her husband, Dhawal Buch of having a stake in dubious offshore entities used to artificially inflate shares of companies owned by

162-420: A DBA must be registered with a local or state government, or both, depending on the jurisdiction. For example, California, Texas and Virginia require a DBA to be registered with each county (or independent city in the case of Virginia) where the owner does business. Maryland and Colorado have DBAs registered with a state agency. Virginia also requires corporations and LLCs to file a copy of their registration with

216-467: A DBA statement, though names including the first and last name of the owner may be accepted. This also reduces the possibility of two local businesses operating under the same name, although some jurisdictions do not provide exclusivity for a name, or may allow more than one party to register the same name. Note, though, that this is not a substitute for filing a trademark application. A DBA filing carries no legal weight in establishing trademark rights. In

270-670: A blade server based on the 2nd gen Epyc 1P family of CPUs. It was the first blade server platform to implement AMD 's Epyc processors. In April 2021, Supermicro introduced over 100 application-optimized server product SKUs using (new at the time) 3rd Gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors, including Hyper, SuperBlade, the Twin Product Family (BigTwin, TwinPro, and FatTwin), Ultra, CloudDC, GPU, Telco/5Gand Edge servers. In 2023, Supermicro partnered with Rakuten Symphony on high-performing Open RAN technologies and storage systems for operators of cloud-based mobile services. Later in

324-476: A contract, invoice, or cheque, they must also add the legal name of the business. Numbered companies will very often operate as something other than their legal name, which is unrecognizable to the public. In Chile , a trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Ireland , businesses are legally required to register business names where these differ from

378-441: A month after the report was published. Adani Group responded by accusing Hindenburg Research of launching "a calculated attack" on India. In response, Hindenburg Research released a statement saying that Adani had dodged key questions raised by the firm's report and instead resorted to threats. The firm stated they stand by their statement and dared Adani group to sue. Due to the allegations, American finance company MSCI cut

432-587: A plea agreement, it was acknowledged that Supermicro became aware of the investigation in February 2004 and set up an export-control program that same year. In May 2010, Supermicro further expanded into Europe with the opening of its system integration logistics center in the Netherlands. Two years later, the company opened its Taiwan Science and Technology Park, totaling $ 99 million in construction costs. On October 4, 2018, Bloomberg Businessweek published

486-452: A potential investigation from the SEC , and failing to ban fraudsters from its platform. This immediately led to a 22% drop in the company's shares before a partial recovery later in the day. In June 2023, Hindenburg released a report on Dozy Mmobuosi 's Tingo Group, where they accused the company of vast amounts of fraud, including misrepresentation of the founder's educational credentials and

540-401: A preferred name cannot be registered, often because it may already be registered or is too similar to a name that is already registered. Using one or more fictitious business names does not create additional separate legal entities. The distinction between a registered legal name and a fictitious business name, or trade name, is important because fictitious business names do not always identify

594-435: A preliminary probe into the company a month after the report, according to The Wall Street Journal . In October 2024, Supermicro's auditors, Ernst & Young resigned after raising significant concerns over the company's internal controls, board independence and accounting practices, which led the company to lose a third of its market value. In October 2021, Hindenburg announced a $ 1 million reward for information on how

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648-468: A report on the Nikola Corporation that included allegations of the company being "an intricate fraud built on dozens of lies" and argued that its founder, Trevor Milton , was responsible for much of the fraudulent activities. Following the release of the report, Nikola’s stock dropped by 40% and a Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) inquiry was opened. While Milton initially disputed

702-551: A report, citing unnamed corporate and governmental sources, which claimed that the Chinese People's Liberation Army had forced Supermicro's Chinese sub-contractors to add microchips with hardware backdoors to its servers. The report claimed that the compromised servers had been sold to U.S. government divisions (including the CIA and Department of Defense ) and contractors and at least 30 commercial clients. Supermicro denied

756-716: A secret to gather intelligence about China and warned only a small number of potential targets. Supermicro settled with the SEC in August 2020 over violations in accounting practices between 2014 and 2017 by the company and its former chief financial officer, and agreed to pay $ 17.5 million in penalties. In 2018, the company was briefly delisted from the Nasdaq after delaying to file financial reports by nearly two years. In 2024, short-seller Hindenburg Research alleged that Supermicro continued to engage in accounting violations, adding that

810-418: A target company by going through its public records, internal corporate documents and by talking to its employees. The report is then circulated to Hindenburg's limited partners, who, together with Hindenburg, take a short position in the target company before publicly releasing the report. Hindenburg takes profits if the target company's share price declines. In September 2020, Hindenburg Research published

864-413: A trade name is known as a nombre de fantasía ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called a razón social (social name). In Brazil , a trade name is known as a nome fantasia ('fantasy' or 'fiction' name), and the legal name of business is called razão social (social name). In some Canadian jurisdictions , such as Ontario , when a businessperson writes a trade name on

918-435: Is called a razón social . Hindenburg Research Hindenburg Research LLC is a U.S. investment research firm with a focus on activist short-selling founded by Nathan Anderson in 2017. Named after the 1937 Hindenburg disaster , which they characterize as a human-made avoidable disaster, the firm generates public reports via its website that allege corporate fraud and malfeasance . Companies that have been

972-492: Is run by Charles's brothers, Steve Liang and Bill Liang. Charles Liang and his wife own close to 31 percent of Ablecom, while Steve Liang and other members of the family own close to 50 percent. In 1998, Supermicro opened a subsidiary in the Netherlands . In 2006, Supermicro pleaded guilty to a felony charge and paid a $ 150,000 fine due to a violation of a United States embargo against the sale of computer systems to Iran. In

1026-541: Is the case." In 2012, Supermicro debuted its new 2U and 4U/Tower platforms. In 2016, Supermicro sent 30,000 MicroBlade servers to a Silicon Valley data center with a claimed power usage effectiveness (PUE) of 1.06. While Supermicro did not name the customer, it was likely Intel, who opened a similar data center in November 2015 with a PUE of 1.06. In April 2020, Supermicro announced the H12 A+ Superblade,

1080-603: The Washington Post , together with Russian dissident authors Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan , accused the company of supplying 30 servers to the Moscow control center for Internet censorship in Russia . Supermicro responded by stating the following: "Supermicro complies with applicable laws and regulations, and our policies are consistent with international principles of human rights. We act appropriately to ensure this

1134-565: The Adani Group .The report says,"We find it unsurprising that SEBI was reluctant to follow a trail that may have led to its own chairperson". The couple, later denied the claims. In May 2023, Hindenburg released a report on Icahn Enterprises , which fell over 50% in the month after Hindenburg disclosed a short position against it. They classified the structure of Icahn Enterprises' dividend structure as 'ponzi-like', and noted Jefferies Group 's research on Icahn Enterprises as being "one of

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1188-629: The National Taiwan University of Science and Technology and a M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington . Liang holds several patents for server technology and was previously the president and chief design engineer of Micro Center Computer, a motherboard design and manufacturing company, from July 1991 to August 1993. In 1996, the company opened a manufacturing subsidiary, Ablecom, in Taiwan , which

1242-562: The Tether cryptocurrency is pegged to the U.S. dollar and for knowledge on Tether's deposits. Hindenburg included that, at the time, they did not own positions in any cryptocurrency. In May 2022, Hindenburg took a short position in Twitter, Inc. following the announcement of its acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk . After Musk's attempted termination of the deal, Hindenburg took a significant long position on Twitter, betting against Musk on

1296-466: The United Kingdom , there is no filing requirement for a "business name", defined as "any name under which someone carries on business" that, for a company or limited liability partnership, "is not its registered name", but there are requirements for disclosure of the owner's true name and some restrictions on the use of certain names. A minority of U.S. states, including Washington , still use

1350-536: The 1960s, and built by the Carl N. Swenson Company. During the time it served as the Mercury News ' s headquarters, the main building was expanded from 185,000-square-foot (17,200 m) to 312,000 square feet (29,000 m). Until recently, a bronze sculpture, Chandelier by John Jagger, hung from the ceiling of an elliptical loggia at the entrance. The loggia is distinguished by a series of metal columns and

1404-574: The S&;P 500 after a large rally in the company's stock lifted its market cap from $ 4.5B at the end of 2022 to $ 60B in March 2024. On July 22, 2024, Supermicro became a Nasdaq-100 company, replacing Walgreens Boots Alliance in the index. Doing business as In a number of countries, the phrase " trading as " (abbreviated to t/a ) is used to designate a trade name. In the United States ,

1458-418: The U.S., trademark rights are acquired by use in commerce, but there can be substantial benefits to filing a trademark application. Sole proprietors are the most common users of DBAs. Sole proprietors are individual business owners who run their businesses themselves. Since most people in these circumstances use a business name other than their own name, it is often necessary for them to get DBAs. Generally,

1512-470: The accusations in the report and also stated it received a notice from the SEC. In January 2023, Hindenburg reported that it had short positions in India's Adani Group and flagged debt and accounting concerns. Concurrently, Hindenburg released a report claiming that Indian conglomerate Adani Group "has engaged in a brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme over the course of decades." Soon after

1566-480: The allegations, he later resigned from his position as Executive Chairman and was eventually found guilty of wire and securities fraud. In November 2020, Nikola stated that they had "incurred significant expenses as a result of the regulatory and legal matters relating to the Hindenburg Report.” Hindenburg released a report about Medicare Advantage plan Clover Health in February 2021, claiming that

1620-530: The claims. In August 2023, Hindenburg released a report on Freedom Holding , leading to an investigation by the Department of Justice. In August 2024, Hindenburg disclosed a short position in Supermicro , alleging accounting failures ("red flags"). The next day, Supermicro said it would delay the filing of the annual report, causing its stock to collapse over 25%. The U.S. Department of Justice opened

1674-571: The company neglected to inform investors about it being under investigation by the Department of Justice . The report also argued that billionaire stock promoter and entrepreneur Chamath Palihapitiya neglected his due diligence and misled investors as he took the company public via special purpose acquisition company . Hindenburg disclosed that it has no short or long positions in Clover. Immediately following its publishing, Clover Health dismissed

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1728-450: The company rehired executives who were involved in the accounting scandal. The report also alleged that the company was evading U.S. export restrictions by shipping advanced technology products to Russia. Hindenburg also pointed out alleged "circular" financial relationship with Supermicro's suppliers, Ablecom and Compuware, which are controlled and partially owned by the brothers of Supermicro's CEO. The next day, Supermicro said it would delay

1782-407: The company to lose a third of its market value. In November 2021, the joint venture of Super Micro Computer and Fiberhome Telecommunication Technologies won a contract for supplying servers to Xinjiang Bingtuan for 'public safety purposes', which is associated with the suppression of Uyghurs ethnic group and construction of a surveillance system in the province of Xinjiang . On December 21, 2021,

1836-569: The company. On March 8, 2007, Supermicro raised $ 64 million in an initial public offering , selling 8 million shares at $ 8 a share. Supermicro's stock trades under the ticker symbol SMCI on the Nasdaq exchange. In 2009, Supermicro sold about $ 720 million worth of computer servers and related products and employed almost 1,100 people. By the end of 2023, the company had reported a fiscal year 2023 revenue of $ 7.1 billion and employed over 5,000 workers globally. Supermicro replaced Whirlpool in

1890-534: The county or city to be registered with the State Corporation Commission. DBA statements are often used in conjunction with a franchise . The franchisee will have a legal name under which it may sue and be sued, but will conduct business under the franchiser's brand name (which the public would recognize). A typical real-world example can be found in a well-known pricing mistake case, Donovan v. RRL Corp. , 26 Cal. 4th 261 (2001), where

1944-428: The entity that is legally responsible . Legal agreements (such as contracts ) are normally made using the registered legal name of the business. If a corporation fails to consistently adhere to such important legal formalities like using its registered legal name in contracts, it may be subject to piercing of the corporate veil . In English , trade names are generally treated as proper nouns . In Argentina ,

1998-577: The existence of many aspects of the business. The report questioned the legitimacy of the company's financial reports and alleged that many of Tingo's claimed partners were not in fact partnered with Tingo. NASDAQ -listed shares in Tingo Group plunged in value after the report. The company denied the Hindenburg claims, which it said contained "errors of fact" and "misleading and libellous content", and appointed lawyers White & Case to review

2052-414: The filing of its annual report, causing its stock to collapse over 25%. The U.S. Department of Justice opened a preliminary probe into the company a month after the report, according to The Wall Street Journal . In October 2024, Supermicro's auditors, Ernst & Young resigned after raising significant concerns over the company's internal controls, board independence and accounting practices, which led

2106-438: The free-float status of four Adani firms and Moody's Investors Service downgraded the ratings outlook of four firms. Credit Suisse Group AG stopped accepting bonds of Adani companies as collateral for margin loans to its private banking clients. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued a show cause notice to Hindenburg Research, accusing them of using non-public information to short Adani group stocks, causing

2160-545: The lack of any proof that a malicious hardware chip exists" it was reviewing its motherboards for potential spy chips in response to the article. Supermicro filed a letter with the Securities and Exchange Commission stating that it was "confident" that "no malicious hardware chip had been implanted" during the manufacture of its motherboards. In February 2021, Bloomberg Business reported that despite Supermicro having been compromised since 2011, U.S. intelligence kept it

2214-402: The law is to protect the public from fraud, by compelling the business owner to first file or register his fictitious business name with the county clerk, and then making a further public record of it by publishing it in a newspaper. Several other states, such as Illinois , require print notices as well. In Uruguay , a trade name is known as a nombre fantasía , and the legal name of business

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2268-710: The moat that surrounds it. In 2017, the company completed a new 182,000 square-foot manufacturing building on the campus, which was designed to meet LEED gold certification. The company expanded its San Jose campus in September 2021 with a manufacturing facility for advanced storage and server equipment. Supermicro was reported to have 2,400 people working in San Jose. As of August 2024, Supermicro's board of directors consists of co-founder Charles Liang, co-founder Sara Liu, Daniel W. Fairfax, Tally Liu, Sherman Tuan, Judy Lin, Robert Blair, and Wally Liaw, another founding member of

2322-461: The named defendant, RRL Corporation, was a Lexus car dealership doing business as " Lexus of Westminster ", but remaining a separate legal entity from Lexus, a division of Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc. . In California , filing a DBA statement also requires that a notice of the fictitious name be published in local newspapers for some set period of time to inform the public of the owner's intent to operate under an assumed name . The intention of

2376-491: The other half. Supermicro would also be supplying servers for Tesla's Gigafactory Texas . In September 2014, Supermicro moved its corporate headquarters to the former Mercury News headquarters in North San Jose, California , along Interstate 880 , naming the campus Supermicro Green Computing Park. The main building was designed by Warren B. Heid in the modernist style, which was common for commercial buildings in

2430-481: The phrase " doing business as " (abbreviated to DBA , dba , d.b.a. , or d/b/a ) is used, among others, such as assumed business name or fictitious business name . In Canada , " operating as " (abbreviated to o/a ) and " trading as " are used, although " doing business as " is also sometimes used. A company typically uses a trade name to conduct business using a simpler name rather than using their formal and often lengthier name. Trade names are also used when

2484-478: The report's release, Adani Group companies experienced an acute decline in their share prices. In a follow-up piece, The Guardian indicated that Hindenburg called on the Adani Group to sue if they believed the report was inaccurate. By the end of February 2023, the group lost $ 150 billion in value. Gautam Adani's personal net worth came down as he fell from 3rd richest in the world to 30th richest within

2538-466: The report, stating that they had not been contacted by government agencies and were unaware of any investigation. The report was also disputed by sources and companies who were named therein. On October 9, 2018, Bloomberg issued a second report, alleging that Supermicro-manufactured datacenter servers of an unnamed U.S. telecom firm had been compromised by a hardware implant on an Ethernet connector. On October 22, 2018, Supermicro announced that "despite

2592-415: The subjects of their reports include Super Micro Computer , Adani Group , Nikola , Clover Health , Block, Inc. , Kandi , Lordstown Motors , and Roblox Corporation . These reports also feature defenses of the practice of short-selling and explanations of how short-sells can "play a critical role in exposing fraud and protecting investors." Hindenburg Research prepares an investigation report on

2646-459: The surname(s) of the sole trader or partners, or the legal name of a company. The Companies Registration Office publishes a searchable register of such business names. In Japan , the word yagō ( 屋号 ) is used. In Colonial Nigeria , certain tribes had members that used a variety of trading names to conduct business with the Europeans. Two examples were King Perekule VII of Bonny , who

2700-469: The term trade name to refer to "doing business as" (DBA) names. In most U.S. states now, however, DBAs are officially referred to using other terms. Almost half of the states, including New York and Oregon , use the terms assumed business name or assumed name ; nearly as many, including Pennsylvania , use the term fictitious name . For consumer protection purposes, many U.S. jurisdictions require businesses operating with fictitious names to file

2754-460: The worst cases of sell-side research malpractice we’ve seen". Hindenburg has also issued reports concerning the online betting operator DraftKings , the geothermal power plants company Ormat Technologies , electric car company Mullen Technologies , and a Chinese blockchain and cryptomining firm named SOS. In March 2023, Hindenburg released a report on Block , alleging overstated user counts, accounts being used for illegal activities,

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2808-467: The year, Supermicro debuted servers with liquid cooling, focusing on ESG policies . The servers save approximately 40% of the power expended on air-cooled data centers. In June 2023, Supermicro saw increased demand for its large language model optimized AI systems, featuring NVIDIA chips. In July 2024, VentureBeat reported that Supermicro would be providing half the servers for Elon Musk's artificial intelligence start-up, xAI , with Dell providing

2862-484: Was founded on November 1, 1993, and has manufacturing operations in Silicon Valley , the Netherlands , and in Taiwan at its Science and Technology Park. In 1993, Supermicro began as a five-person business operation run by Charles Liang , a Taiwanese-American , alongside his wife and company treasurer, Chiu-Chu Liu, known as Sara. Prior to founding Supermicro, Liang earned a B.S. in electrical engineering from

2916-553: Was known as Captain Pepple in trade matters, and King Jubo Jubogha of Opobo , who bore the pseudonym Captain Jaja . Both Pepple and Jaja would bequeath their trade names to their royal descendants as official surnames upon their deaths. In Singapore , there is no filing requirement for a "trading as" name, but there are requirements for disclosure of the underlying business or company's registered name and unique entity number. In

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