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40-401: Sweaters are worn by adults and children, often over a shirt , blouse , T-shirt , or another top, but sometimes next to the skin. Sweaters were traditionally made from wool but can now be made of cotton , synthetic fibers , or any combination of these. There are also seasonal sweaters, which around Christmas are often called " ugly sweaters ". According to British dictionaries , "sweater"

80-408: A dress shirt underneath (and optionally a tie ), which has the advantage of allowing the wearer to have the option of removing the sweater when it is uncomfortably warm and still looking presentable in many situations. Layering and the ease with which it allows for temperature regulation is a major benefit of the sweater as an article of clothing. Various methods have evolved for conveniently carrying

120-818: A vest (compare the American usage of vest ). It is called a singlet in Australia and New Zealand, and a banian or banyan in the Indian subcontinent. In the Philippines, a sleeveless undershirt is called a sando . In addition to athletic usage, tank tops have traditionally been used as undershirts, especially with suits and dress shirts. They are sometimes worn alone without a dress shirt or top shirt during very warm and/or humid weather. Tank tops are often worn alone under very casual settings, as lounge wear, and/or while completing yard work or other chores around

160-495: A zipper is generally called a cardigan , but the nomenclature for other styles in different dialects can be quite confusing. In British English , a sweater may also be called a pullover, jumper, or jersey. In the United States, however, " jumper " refers to a style of women's sleeveless dress, worn over a blouse or shirt, and "jersey" refers to a knit shirt, especially if part of an athletic uniform. If sleeveless, such

200-505: A blog post where he claimed that the term had evolved from a medieval chain mail undergarment called a "waif-beater", and this was picked up as fact by other outlets. Davidson openly admitted in 2018 that the "waif-beater" story was a hoax, created to trick people who believed unquestioningly anything they read on the Internet. In the UK, especially when used as an undershirt, it is known as

240-452: A camisole or cami is a loose-fitting sleeveless undershirt which covers the top part of the body but is shorter than a chemise . A camisole normally extends to the waist but is sometimes cropped to expose the midriff , or extended to cover the entire pelvic region. Camisoles are manufactured from light materials, commonly cotton -based, occasionally satin or silk, or stretch fabrics such as lycra , nylon , or spandex . The camisole

280-455: A catch-all term for a broad variety of upper-body garments and undergarments. In British English , a shirt is more specifically a garment with a collar , sleeves with cuffs , and a full vertical opening with buttons or snaps (North Americans would call that a " dress shirt ", a specific type of collared shirt). A shirt can also be worn with a necktie under the shirt collar. The world's oldest preserved garment, discovered by Flinders Petrie ,

320-466: A form of advertisement. Many of these distinctions apply to other upper-body garments, such as coats and sweaters . Shirts may: Shirts with long sleeves may further be distinguished by the cuffs : Some combinations are not applicable, e.g. a tube top cannot have a collar. The main measures for a jacket are: There are two main categories of fibres used: natural fibre and man-made fibre (synthetics or petroleum based). Some natural fibres are linen,

360-555: A garment may be called a "slipover" or "tank top" in British English, while "tank top" in US English refers to a sleeveless shirt or undershirt . In the U.S. a sleeveless sweater may also be called a sweater vest , especially if it has a V-neck and somewhat formal appearance resembling a formal vest, a garment known as a waistcoat in the UK. In British English, "vest" refers to an undershirt. In South African English ,

400-462: A knitted sweater is always called a jersey, while sweater , when used, refers to a sweatshirt . In the sport of ice hockey , the top of a hockey player's uniform had traditionally been a sweater; and even though modern hockey uniform tops are more commonly a jersey they are typically referred to as a "hockey sweater," regardless of the style, but frequently, in the U.S. it is called a hockey "jersey". See also: Thin sweaters may be worn tucked into

440-475: A pullover, it can also refer to a cardigan , a garment that opens and fastens down the front. Within either group, there is a great variety of designs. Various necklines are found, although the V-neck, turtleneck, and crew neck are the most popular. The hemline is typically at hip height or slightly longer, just overlapping the waist of one's pants or skirt, but can vary significantly. It can range from just below

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480-401: A similar garment for general informal wear; a jumper or pullover" According to most British dictionaries, British usage agrees with what American dictionaries describe as American English usage, according to which a sweater is either a pullover or a cardigan (which opens at the front). Almost all British dictionaries include cardigans as a type of sweater but at least one includes cardigans as

520-419: A softer hand (feel or drape) than woven fabric . Sweaters that are more tightly fitted or have a soft drape may conform well to the body without requiring tailoring necessary in a woven garment such as darts, flares, and gores. Even when such shaping is used, it can be knit into the fabric itself, without requiring seams. Another type is a sweater vest . A sweater with an open front fastened by buttons or

560-404: A sweater, once removed. The three most common approaches are: around the waist (either loin cloth or knotted in front style) and over the shoulder. In the late 20th century, the sweater increasingly came to be worn as an alternative to a shirt when finer materials made them more comfortable next to the skin. Some people enjoy wearing Christmas-related sweaters around Christmas time to get into

600-457: A type of jumper (i.e. most British dictionaries consider "sweater" – and at least one considers "jumper" – to be a hypernym for both pullovers and cardigans). Colloquial and informal usage common in Britain is using the term “cardie” for a cardigan which usually refers to a button-front sweater. The term "sweater" is a catch-all for a variety of knit garments. Although the term often refers to

640-399: Is a "highly sophisticated" linen shirt from a First Dynasty Egyptian tomb at Tarkan , dated to c.  3000 BC : "the shoulders and sleeves have been finely pleated to give form-fitting trimness while allowing the wearer room to move. The small fringe formed during weaving along one edge of the cloth has been placed by the designer to decorate the neck opening and side seam." The shirt

680-523: Is because original uniforms were simply sweaters with the team's crest stitched on the front. However, as technology changed, so did the uniforms as actual sweaters absorbed too much moisture and became weighed down and cumbersome throughout the course of a game. Shirt A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body (from the neck to the waist). Originally an undergarment worn exclusively by men, it has become, in American English ,

720-420: Is still in common usage. In 1827 Hannah Montague, a housewife in upstate New York, invents the detachable collar . Tired of constantly washing her husband's entire shirt when only the collar needed it, she cut off his collars and devised a way of attaching them to the neckband after washing. It was not until the 1930s that collar stays became popular, although these early accessories resembled tie clips more than

760-901: Is used in British English in the same sense as in American English but "jumper" is commonly used instead (though some say that "sweater" is used for heavier ones worn for warmth). The Oxford English Dictionary states that in British usage, sweaters are always pulled over the head and jumpers are not necessarily, whereas most or all other British dictionaries disagree and say that sweaters are not necessarily pullovers or even say that jumpers are always pullovers, i.e. never open in front. The Oxford English Dictionary gives "sweater" as appearing in 1882 and gives its definition as "A woolen vest or jersey worn in rowing or other athletic exercises, originally... to reduce one's weight; now commonly put on also before or after exercise to prevent taking cold. Hence

800-535: Is usually made of satin, nylon, or cotton. A dudou ( Chinese : 肚兜 ; lit. 'belly cover'), known as a yếm in Vietnamese contexts, is an item of East Asian and Southeast Asian clothing resembling a silk apron or bib but traditionally used as an undershirt or bodice to flatten the figure and, medicinally , to preserve stomach qi . Beginning around the year 2000, Western and Chinese fashion has also begun incorporating them as

840-532: The 1980s and were commonly associated with surfers and bodybuilders (hence the name "muscle" shirt) and often bore the names and logos of gyms. Such shirts without logos are now more commonly worn as casual wear. The tank top designed for a tight fit and often made of ribbed cotton is also colloquially called an A-shirt . Other slang terms include wifebeater , beater , guinea tee or dago tee ( guinea and dago being American ethnic slurs for people of Italian ethnicity). A popular claim regarding

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880-469: The United States and Canada, any casual sleeveless shirt can be called tank top or tank shirt , with several specific varieties. It is named after tank suits , one-piece bathing suits of the 1920s worn in tanks or swimming pools. The upper garment is worn commonly by both men and women. The build of a tank top is simple: the neck and armholes are often reinforced for durability. They often have large armholes and neck holes, which may reach down as far as

920-635: The bottom of the chest; particularly low armholes are referred to as "dropped armholes." Women's tank tops have smaller holes, to conceal their breasts. They are also sometimes made long to make tucking into pants easier. In almost all cases, they are buttonless, collarless, and pocketless. A sleeveless T-shirt, also called a muscle shirt , is the same design as a T-shirt , but without sleeves. Some sleeveless T-shirts, which possess smaller, narrower arm holes, are traditionally worn by both women and men. They are often worn during athletic activities or as casual wear during warmer weather. They were quite popular in

960-519: The bust in women's garments to mid-thigh in either sex or even longer in a knitted variation of the poncho shirtdress . The sleeve length is also variable, ranging from full-length or three-quarters to short-sleeved, cap sleeves or sleeveless. The front seam or opening of a cardigan allows for further different styles, such as a surplice or a bolero jacket . All hems may have various types of borders, such as picots , ribbing , and frills. Knitted fabrics are generally somewhat elastic and have

1000-456: The festive spirit. Some women's sweaters are meant to be worn belted; a belt or drawstring is sometimes knitted into the sweater itself. Leggings are commonly worn with long sweaters or sweater dresses. Sweaters are often maintained by washing or dry cleaning and the use of a lint roller or pill razor. But airing (and rinsing in pure water if necessary) is considered better than washing with soap or another detergent, especially when not all of

1040-429: The first used historically, hemp , cotton , the most used, ramie , wool , silk and more recently bamboo or soya . Some synthetic fibres are polyester , tencel , viscose , etc. Polyester mixed with cotton (poly-cotton) is often used. Fabrics for shirts are called shirtings. The four main weaves for shirtings are plain weave , oxford , twill and satin . Broadcloth , poplin and end-on-end are variations of

1080-540: The home. A camisole, also abbreviated to simply cami , is a sleeveless shirt worn traditionally by women, normally extending to the waist. Camisoles often have spaghetti straps . Originally worn as an undershirt, like the A-shirt, they have become increasingly used as outerwear. Historically, camisole referred to jackets of various kinds, including overshirts (worn under a doublet or bodice ), women's négligées , and sleeved jackets worn by men. In modern usage,

1120-602: The later opponents of the later Thaksin supporting groups have largely ceased wearing yellow shirts to protest rallies. In the UK, the Social Credit movement of the thirties wore green shirts. The party leaders of Dravidar Kazhagam in India wear only black shirts to symbolise atheism. Whatever its color, the shirt itself means a certain wealth and social status. In Spain in the 19th century, then in Argentina during

1160-523: The major opposing sides that featured prominently in the 2008 Thai political crisis , with red having been worn by the supporters of the populist People's Power Party (PPP), and yellow being worn by the supporters of the royalist and anti- Thaksin Shinawatra movement the People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD). Each side is commonly referred to as the 'red shirts' and 'yellow shirts' respectively, though

1200-403: The natural oil ( lanolin ) has been removed from the wool. The use of detergent is in fact detrimental because it removes the lanolin, which helps the wool to repel and shed dirt as well as water. In fact, sweaters made from unscoured wool, such as some Irish Aran jumpers , remain wearable even when wet. The uniforms that present-day ice hockey players wear are referred to as "sweaters". This

1240-472: The nineteenth century, the Century Dictionary described an ordinary shirt as "of cotton, with linen bosom, wristbands and cuffs prepared for stiffening with starch, the collar and wristbands being usually separate and adjustable". The first documented appearance of the expression "To give the shirt off one's back", happened in 1771 as an idiom that indicates extreme desperation or generosity and

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1280-400: The origin of the term 'wifebeater' is that it became synonymous with an undershirt after a Detroit man was reportedly arrested in 1947 for beating his wife to death. Allegedly, newspapers printed a photo of the " wife beater " wearing a stained undershirt. However, no evidence has been found in news archives to substantiate this rumor. Another claim was spread by Paul Davidson, a filmmaker, in

1320-482: The plain weave. After weaving, finishing can be applied to the fabric. In the 1920s and 1930s, fascists wore different coloured shirts: In addition, red shirts have been used to symbolize a variety of different political groups, including Garibaldi 's Italian revolutionaries, nineteenth-century American street gangs, and socialist militias in Spain and Mexico during the 1930s. Different colored shirts signified

1360-429: The seventeenth century, men's shirts were allowed to show, with much the same erotic import as visible underwear today. In the eighteenth century, instead of underpants, men "relied on the long tails of shirts ... to serve the function of drawers. Eighteenth-century costume historian Joseph Strutt believed that men who did not wear shirts to bed were indecent. Even as late as 1879, a visible shirt with nothing over it

1400-433: The small collar stiffeners available today. They connected the collar points to the necktie, keeping them in place. Many terms are used to describe and differentiate types of shirts (and upper-body garments in general) and their construction. The smallest differences may have significance to a cultural or occupational group. Recently, (late twentieth century, into the twenty-first century) it has become common to use tops as

1440-436: The time of Juan Perón , the word descamisados ("shirtless") means the masses of the poor. Sleeveless shirt A sleeveless shirt also known as wifebeater, is a shirt that is manufactured without sleeves or with sleeves that have been cut off. Depending on the style, they can be worn as undershirts , by athletes in sports such as track and field and triathlon , or as casual wear by both men and women. In

1480-459: The twentieth century. For a gentleman, "to wear a sky-blue shirt was unthinkable in 1860, but had become standard by 1920 and, in 1980, constituted the most commonplace event." European and American women began wearing shirts in 1860, when the Garibaldi shirt , a red shirt as worn by the freedom fighters under Giuseppe Garibaldi , was popularized by Empress Eugénie of France. At the end of

1520-411: The waistband of trousers ; but otherwise, men's sweaters are worn untucked. Nonetheless, some individuals, including some television and film actors, have been known for wearing tucked-in sweaters. Sweaters are a versatile item of clothing and can be worn on top of almost any outfit. Sports sweaters are often worn on tops of sports kit while traveling to or from a sports ground. Sweaters can be worn with

1560-519: Was an item of clothing that only men could wear as underwear, until the twentieth century. Although the women's chemise was a closely related garment to the men's, it is the men's garment that became the modern shirt. In the Middle Ages , it was a plain, undyed garment worn next to the skin and under regular garments. In medieval artworks, the shirt is only visible (uncovered) on humble characters, such as shepherds , prisoners, and penitents . In

1600-476: Was considered improper. The shirt sometimes had frills at the neck or cuffs. In the sixteenth century, men's shirts often had embroidery , and sometimes frills or lace at the neck and cuffs and through the eighteenth-century long neck frills, or jabots , were fashionable. Coloured shirts began to appear in the early nineteenth century, as can be seen in the paintings of George Caleb Bingham . They were considered casual wear, for lower-class workers only, until

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