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Swedesboro, New Jersey

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75-527: Swedesboro is a borough within Gloucester County in the U.S. state of New Jersey , within the Philadelphia metropolitan area . As of the 2020 United States census , the borough's population was 2,711, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 127 (+4.9%) from the 2,584 recorded at the 2010 census , which in turn reflected an increase of 529 (+25.7%) from the 2,055 counted in

150-791: A student–teacher ratio of 10.8:1. Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Margaret C. Clifford School with 230 students in grades Pre-K–K (located in Swedesboro), Governor Charles C. Stratton School with 402 students in grades 1–2 (Woolwich Township), General Charles G. Harker School with 653 students in Grades 3–5 (Woolwich Township), and Walter H. Hill School with 210 students in Grade 6 (Swedesboro). Public school students in seventh through twelfth grades are educated by

225-479: A 2011 proposal, Kingsway would merge with its constituent member's K–6 districts to become a full K–12 district, with various options for including Logan Township as part of the consolidated district. Students from across the county are eligible to apply to attend Gloucester County Institute of Technology , a four-year high school in Deptford Township that provides technical and vocational education. As

300-467: A charter, unique to this municipality, allows its government to be tailor-made to its needs. A Charter Study Commission is one of two options available to residents of New Jersey to pursue a change in their form of government. The other option is a direct petition. The charter study commission approach is only available under the Faulkner Act. A charter study commission can be formed by a vote of

375-416: A county superintendent of schools (the state Department of Education 's representative) and executive county superintendent of schools (gubernatorial appointments whose duties include reducing district spending, collaboration and shared services) in each county. State law authorizes school districts: The state Commissioner of Education has the power of "state intervention", to intervene in governance of

450-442: A female householder with no husband present and 31.2% were non-families. Of all households, 24.8% were made up of individuals and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.27. 27.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 32.5% from 25 to 44, 21.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

525-472: A five-member Board of Trustees elected for staggered three-year terms. The board selects a president and a treasurer from among the members. New incorporations under this form were stopped in 1961. While there are 4 municipalities that retain the Village type of government ( Loch Arbour , Ridgefield Park , Ridgewood and South Orange ), none of them still use the Village form of government. Loch Arbour

600-425: A form of government and vary in size from large, densely populated areas to much smaller hamlets . The town form of government dates back to the late 19th century when towns were first incorporated in the state. The town government law was rewritten in 1988. In this form of government, a mayor is elected at large plus eight councilmen – two from each of four wards. The mayor presides over council meetings and votes as

675-450: A household in the borough was $ 49,286, and the median income for a family was $ 58,721. Males had a median income of $ 41,346 versus $ 33,125 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 20,857. About 7.8% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.4% of those under age 18 and 8.5% of those age 65 or over. Swedesboro is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which

750-520: A local public school district (and to intervene in the areas of instruction and program, operations, personnel, and fiscal management) if the Commissioner has determined that a school district has failed, or is unable, to take corrective actions necessary to establish a thorough and efficient system of education. When the state intervenes in governance of a school district, the board of education acts in an advisory capacity only, and ultimate authority

825-405: A member of the council. The mayor has veto power over ordinances that can be overridden by a two-thirds vote of the council. All appointments to municipal offices are performed by the council. Currently, the state has 15 towns. The township form of government has a group of elected officials (the township committee) that serves as both the executive and legislative authority. This form of government

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900-717: A neighboring township such as Middlebush, New Jersey . Some smaller communities are incorporated into larger urban areas, such as when Greenville was merged into Jersey City as a neighborhood . New Jersey distinguishes between regional, consolidated, and countywide districts and those serving single municipalities. There are also non-operating school districts, which are those districts that do not operate any school facilities and where all students attend school in other districts as part of sending/receiving relationships . The majority of school districts in New Jersey are established for general purposes, have boundaries equivalent to

975-539: A one-year term) and a six-member council (elected to staggered three-year terms). The mayor would preside at council meetings, but had no vote except to break ties. This system resulted in a period, known as " boroughitis ", where large numbers of small boroughs were created. In 1894, the Legislature passed an act requiring each township to have a single school district. A wave of borough incorporations followed, as one part of several townships decided that it would prefer

1050-579: A partisan election. Only two boroughs, Roselle and Roselle Park , have ward structures with councils having five ward members and one at-large. The borough system has a weak mayor and the council performs most legislative and executive functions. This form of local government is used by 39% of the municipalities in New Jersey. There are a total of 253 boroughs in New Jersey, which include: Local government in New Jersey#Unincorporated communities Local government in New Jersey

1125-639: A public school, students do not pay tuition to attend the school. Guardian Angels Regional School is a K-8 school that operates under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden and accepts students from Swedesboro. Its PreK-3 campus is in Gibbstown while its 4-8 campus is in Paulsboro . As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 10.94 miles (17.61 km) of roadways, of which 7.29 miles (11.73 km) were maintained by

1200-409: A single municipality. As well, the total area of any given airport may or may not lie completely within the boundaries of a given municipality—or even a given county. All local general purpose governments have equivalent legal powers, with the different forms and types reflecting the historical circumstances of the municipality's incorporation, similar to New England towns . For statistical purposes,

1275-998: A staggered basis in partisan elections, with either two or three seats coming up for election each year. At a reorganization meeting held each January, the Board selects a Director and a Deputy Director from among its members. As of 2024, Gloucester County's Commissioners are: Director Frank J. DiMarco ( D , Deptford Township , 2025), Matt Weng (D, Pitman , 2026), Joann Gattinelli (D, Washington Township , 2026), Nicholas DeSilvio ( R , Franklin Township , 2024), Denice DiCarlo (D, West Deptford Township , 2025) Deputy Director Jim Jefferson (D, Woodbury , 2026) and Christopher Konawel Jr. (R, Glassboro, 2024). Gloucester County's constitutional officers are: Clerk James N. Hogan (D, Franklin Township; 2027), Sheriff Jonathan M. Sammons (R, Elk Township ; 2024) and Surrogate Giuseppe "Joe" Chila (D, Woolwich Township ; 2028). As of March 2011, there were

1350-406: A staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by Swedesboro is a " weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of

1425-535: A total of 1,535 registered voters in Swedesboro, of which 471 (30.7%) were registered as Democrats , 311 (20.3%) were registered as Republicans and 751 (48.9%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 2 voters registered as either Libertarians or Greens . In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 59.5% of the vote (632 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 39.3% (417 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (13 votes), among

1500-477: Is an independent municipality surrounded on all sides by Woolwich Township , making it one of only 21 "doughnut towns" in the state, where one municipality entirely surrounds another. The 2010 United States census counted 2,584 people, 938 households, and 645 families in the borough. The population density was 3,568.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,377.8/km). There were 1,004 housing units at an average density of 1,386.5 per square mile (535.3/km). The racial makeup

1575-414: Is assigned as a liaison to one or more departments of the county. Five counties (Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson, and Mercer) have a separately elected county executive . A sixth county, Union, has a county executive that is appointed by the board, analogous to the council–manager municipal form of government. In these counties, the Board of County Commissioners retains only legislative authority. Most of

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1650-479: Is at stake. For at-large elections with more than one seat, plurality-at-large voting is used. All counties in New Jersey hold organizational meetings on or right after New Year's Day. At this time the boards elect members to leadership positions on the boards. Depending upon the specific board these offices include director, deputy director, president, vice-president, chair, chair pro tempore, and vice-chair. Also at this organizational meeting each county commissioner

1725-582: Is composed of counties and municipalities. Local jurisdictions in New Jersey differ from those in some other states because the entire area of the state is part of a municipality ; each of the 564 municipalities is in exactly one county ; and each of the 21 counties has more than one municipality. New Jersey has no independent cities , nor consolidated city-counties . The forms of municipality in New Jersey are more complex than in most other states, though, potentially leading to misunderstandings regarding

1800-432: Is home to the highest number of boroughs of any New Jersey county, at 56. The Borough Act of 1878 allowed any township (or portion thereof) with a land area of no more than four square miles (10 km ) and a population not exceeding 5,000, to establish itself as an independent borough through a petition and referendum process on a self-executing basis. As enacted, a borough would be governed by an elected mayor (serving

1875-708: Is in a state district superintendent appointed by the State Board of Education. From 1987 to 2005, the State Board of Education had the power to take over an entire school district and manage it as a "state-operated school district", which was replaced by the legislature in 2005 with state intervention. Using this power, the state has assumed the operation of Newark Public Schools , Jersey City Public Schools , and Paterson Public Schools , which are in various stages of returning governance to local control: In Jersey City, governance has been restored to local control in

1950-546: Is located in the 2nd Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 3rd state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 2nd congressional district is represented by Jeff Van Drew ( R , Dennis Township ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For

2025-544: Is one of the oldest and is derived from the town meeting form of government used in New England , where the township committee has similar functions to the board of selectmen . The township committee has either three or five members elected at large. Every year, the committee chooses one of its members to be the "mayor", becoming the moderator for meetings of the township committee but having no special powers. In general, all legislative and executive powers are exercised by

2100-480: Is used in 218 of 564 municipalities statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on

2175-428: Is usually first among equals with no powers over and above the other commissioners. The Municipal Manager Law was enacted in 1923 and is an optional form of government available to any type of municipality. Under this form of government, a municipal council composed of three, five, seven, or nine members is elected at-large with a term of office typically of four years. The council appoints several key officials, namely

2250-579: The 2000 census . Swedesboro and surrounding Gloucester County constitute part of South Jersey . Swedesboro was formed as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 9, 1902, from portions of Woolwich Township . The borough was named for its early settlers from Sweden . Swedesboro has been recognized by the National Arbor Day Foundation as a Tree City USA since 2000. Originally populated by

2325-522: The 2004 presidential election , Republican George W. Bush received 49.7% of the vote (448 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 49.4% (445 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (5 votes), among the 901 ballots cast by the borough's 1,301 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 69.3. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 65.0% of the vote (372 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 33.4% (191 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (9 votes), among

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2400-544: The 2024-2025 session , the 3rd legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by John Burzichelli ( D , Paulsboro ) and in the General Assembly by David Bailey (D, Woodstown ) and Heather Simmons (D, Glassboro ). Gloucester County is governed by a board of county commissioners , whose seven members are elected at-large to three-year terms of office on

2475-609: The Kingsway Regional School District , which also serves students from East Greenwich Township , South Harrison Township and Woolwich Township , with the addition of students from Logan Township who attend the district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship in which tuition is paid on a per-pupil basis by the Logan Township School District . Swedesboro accounts for one tenth of district enrollment. As of

2550-607: The Lenape Native Americans , Swedesboro was settled as part of New Sweden around 1650. The Swedes and Finns were fishermen, hunters and farmers. Swedesboro, initially named Sveaborg by the Swedish settlers, along with Bridgeport (Nya Stockholm) and Finns Point (Varkens Kill), was one of only three settlements established in New Jersey as a part of the New Sweden colony. The oldest extant log cabin in

2625-527: The Port of Salem is owned by Salem County and operated by the Southern Railroad of New Jersey and interchanges with Conrail's South Jersey/Philadelphia Shared Assets Area operations which travels north to Pavonia Yard at Camden . People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Swedesboro include: Borough (New Jersey) A borough (also spelled boro ), in

2700-570: The United States for having five distinct types of incorporated municipalities. Each type of municipality has equal legal standing, rights, and powers as any other type or form. Unlike other parts of the United States, New Jersey does not have different tiers of power or legal standing for its municipal governments. Each of the five types has an associated form of government of exactly the same title. By default municipalities have

2775-549: The United States Census Bureau treats only boroughs, cities, towns, and villages as " municipalities ", and townships as " townships "; the Census Bureau's classification does not reflect the underlying state law that draws no distinction among the five types. New Jersey is divided into 21 counties, each of which is governed by a Board of County Commissioners ), which typically serves as both

2850-403: The boroughitis phenomenon of the late 19th century led to the incorporation of large numbers of new boroughs. A city in the context of local government in New Jersey refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. There are 52 cities in New Jersey. Despite the widely held perception of a city as a large, urban area , cities in New Jersey have a confused history as

2925-412: The 1,076 ballots cast by the borough's 1,618 registered voters (14 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 66.5%. In the 2008 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 59.3% of the vote (625 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 38.1% (402 votes) and other candidates with 1.3% (14 votes), among the 1,054 ballots cast by the borough's 1,492 registered voters, for a turnout of 70.6%. In

3000-465: The 2020–21 school year, the high school district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 2,868 students and 207.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.8:1. The schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Kingsway Regional Middle School with 1,023 students in grades 7–8, and Kingsway Regional High School with 1,802 students in grades 9–12. Under

3075-399: The 581 ballots cast by the borough's 1,597 registered voters (9 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 36.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 46.1% of the vote (316 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 41.5% (284 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 9.5% (65 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (1 votes), among the 685 ballots cast by

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3150-704: The English subsequently annexed the region along the Delaware River after the Second Anglo-Dutch War . The English Colonial government needed a road between the communities of Burlington and Salem and built the Kings Highway in 1691, which opened the southern portion of Gloucester County to more settlers, who were drawn to the area by the fertile sandy soil, prime farmland and vast tracts of oak, birch, maple and pine trees. Originally,

3225-554: The Faulkner Act, municipalities can choose one of four different options for their form of government. They are: New Jersey municipalities are not required to be governed by the Walsh Act, the 1923 Municipal Manager Law or the four forms of the Optional Municipal Charter Law (Faulkner Act). A community that finds all optional forms unsuitable may request a special charter from the state legislature. Such

3300-571: The U.S., C. A. Nothnagle Log House ( c.  1640 ) was built by Antti Niilonpoika (Anthony Neilson/Nelson) in Swedesboro. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places , as is Trinity Episcopal "Old Swedes" Church , which was established as a Swedish Lutheran Church in 1703; the present building dates to 1784. As a result of the Second Northern War , New Sweden passed into Dutch hands in 1655. In 1667,

3375-568: The board consists of nine members unless by law the number was reduced to three, five or seven members, elected at annual school elections for terms of three years, or appointed board of education, where members are appointed by the mayor or other chief executive officer of the municipality for five-year terms (for five-member boards) and three-year terms (for seven- and nine-member boards). Board of education members must be United States citizens, residents of their school districts for at least one year immediately preceding their appointment or election to

3450-605: The board, be registered to vote in the district, must be able to read and write English, cannot receive any compensation for their board service, and their conduct is governed by a code of ethics and the New Jersey School Ethics. All meetings of boards of education must be held in public, with certain exceptions, according to the Open Public Meetings Act. There is a superintendent for each district (which may be shared between districts), and

3525-406: The borough as part of a 1976 tour of the United States . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the borough had a total area of 0.77 square miles (1.99 km), including 0.73 square miles (1.89 km) of land and 0.04 square miles (0.09 km) of water (4.55%). Unincorporated communities , localities, and places located partially or completely within the township include Ivyside. Swedesboro

3600-490: The borough was $ 24,623 (+/− $ 2,395). About 9.1% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 census , there were 2,055 people, 771 households, and 528 families residing in the borough. The population density was 2,830.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,093.0/km). There were 860 housing units at an average density of 1,184.7 per square mile (457.4/km). The racial makeup of

3675-545: The borough was 76.93% White , 16.50% African American , 0.05% Native American , 0.34% Asian , 3.36% from other races , and 2.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.52% of the population. There were 771 households, out of which 34.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.4% were non-families. 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who

3750-534: The borough's 1,507 registered voters, yielding a 45.5% turnout. Public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade attend the Swedesboro-Woolwich School District , a consolidated school district that serves students from both Swedesboro and Woolwich Township . As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,495 students and 138.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

3825-481: The committee as a whole. The committee, however, may appoint an administrator to oversee the day-to-day operations of the municipality. The township form of government is only available to municipalities that are of the township type. Out of the 240 townships in the state, the township form of government is used by 141. The village form of government was made possible by the Village Act of 1891. This form comprises

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3900-455: The communities have official recognition as a census-designated place , such as Somerset, New Jersey which is part of Franklin Township . Other communities have their own ZIP Code because they have their own post office such as Neshanic Station (ZIP Code 08853), which is part of Branchburg Township , or Deans , which is part of South Brunswick Township . Other communities were once single-owner large farms that were later incorporated into

3975-556: The community was called Raccoon until it was changed to Swedesboro in 1765. Through the late 1800s, Raccoon Creek , which runs for 22.6 miles (36.4 km), was a navigable water route that was naturally deep enough to transport wood and farm produce to Philadelphia via the Delaware River. The creek was named for the Narraticon Native Americans who lived in the area and gave their name as Raccoon to

4050-447: The context of local government in the U.S. state of New Jersey , refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government (in addition to those established under a special charter ). The borough is the most common form of local government in New Jersey . In 2023 there were 253 boroughs in New Jersey. However, boroughs were not always so common. In 1875 only 17 boroughs had been created, all by special acts of

4125-411: The cost of being a separate municipality to paying for the other schools. The Borough Act of 1897 amended the original Act, eliminating the self-executing incorporation feature of the earlier legislation. Henceforth, newly incorporated boroughs (or those seeking to dissolve or increase or decrease in size) required approval of the legislature. The elected mayor and six-member council were retained, with

4200-525: The council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. As of 2022, the mayor of Swedesboro is Democrat Thomas W. Fromm, whose term of office ends December 31, 2023. The Swedesboro Borough Council consists of Council President Salvatore "Sam" Casella ( R , 2024), Shaun Booker (D, 2024), David Flaherty (D, 2023), Joanna Gahrs (R, 2023), Diane F. Hale (D, 2022) and George J. Weeks (D, 2022). Swedesboro

4275-551: The first European settlement. The Van Leer Log Cabin was once used as a trading post with Native Americans and later a station for the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape to free negro communities. Trinity Church Cemetery is the burial place of Governor of New Jersey Charles C. Stratton , Congressman Benjamin Franklin Howey , and other notables. Carl XVI Gustaf , King of Sweden , visited

4350-470: The first class (cities with a population of over 150,000) the board of education must consist of nine members, and board members are appointed to three-year terms by the mayor or other chief executive of the municipality that constitutes the district. Type II school districts include all local districts in municipalities other than cities, all consolidated school districts, and all regional school districts, and can have either an elected board of education, where

4425-401: The form of government which corresponds to their type, i.e. a Township has the Township form of government. In New Jersey a municipality can choose a different form of government if its citizens do not wish to operate under the form that matches its type. The borough form of government is New Jersey's most common, being used by 253 of the state's municipalities. Although it was once quite rare,

4500-417: The governing body. Alternatively, a ballot question to form a charter study commission can be performed through a petition or by the existing municipal governing body enacting an ordinance to form a commission. Voters simultaneously vote yes / no to form a commission and also vote to select its members (if it passes), with the top five candidates becoming the members of the commission. There is no territory in

4575-575: The governmental nature of an area and what local laws apply. All municipalities can be classified as one of five types of local government— Borough , City , Township , Town , and Village —and one of twelve forms of government, the first five being historically associated with the five types of government and the other seven being non-standard "optional" forms provided by the New Jersey Legislature . To make matters more complex, New Jersey also distinguishes between regional, consolidated, and countywide school districts and school districts that serve only

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4650-420: The legislative and executive body. The boards consist of three, five, seven, or nine members. The means of election of county commissioners varies from all county commissioners being elected in districts, all being elected at-large, or being elected through mixed district and at-large county commissioners. Elections are first past the post for single-member districts, and for at-large elections when only one seat

4725-405: The legislature. These original boroughs were subdivisions of townships, established by state charter; Elizabeth was the first, established by royal charter in 1740, within the now defunct Elizabeth Township. About half of them had been dissolved, or changed into other forms of government—often cities. In 1875, a constitutional amendment prohibited such local or special legislation. Bergen County

4800-482: The mayor now serving a two-year term. The Borough Act of 1987 was created to streamline borough law and clear away amendments, changes, and contradictory rules that had accumulated over the century of the Borough's existence as a form of government. The 1987 Act allowed for the delegation of executive responsibility to an appointed administrator. Traditionally, voters elect a mayor and six council members at-large in

4875-476: The municipal manager, tax assessor, auditor, clerk, treasurer, and attorney. The manager is the chief executive of the municipality and is responsible for appointing other officials and preparing the budget for council consideration. The manager serves only at the pleasure of the council. A mayor is also chosen from among the council members whose primary duty is to preside over council meetings. Only seven municipalities currently use this form of government. In 1950

4950-545: The municipality and 3.65 miles (5.87 km) by Gloucester County. There are several main roads serving Swedesboro. The most significant are County Route 538 and County Route 551 . U.S. Route 322 and the New Jersey Turnpike can be accessed in neighboring Woolwich Township. NJ Transit provides bus service between Salem and Philadelphia on the 401 route. The Salem Branch , a freight rail line, changes ownership at Swedesboro. The southern portion to

5025-425: The municipality with which they are associated, and are classified as either Type I or Type II school districts. The schools of each public school district are governed by a board of education. Type I school districts include every local school district established in a city except where the district has changed its classification, and the board of education consists of five, seven or nine members, while in cities of

5100-514: The rest of the counties also appoint a county supervisor or administrator who is responsible for routine administrative operations of the county government. New Jersey counties have powers that are intermediate between the broad powers of counties in Pennsylvania and the limited powers of counties in New York . Counties in New Jersey do not have tax collecting power. New Jersey is unique in

5175-557: The state legislature enact a special charter. The Walsh Act was enacted in the Progressive Era as a way to remove corruption and political influence from local politics. Voters elect three or five commissioners in non-partisan elections. Each commissioner is in charge of specific departments within the municipality, and all serve four-year concurrent terms. The commissioners exercise both legislative and executive powers. The commissioners elect one of their members as mayor, but he

5250-409: The state legislature passed the Optional Municipal Charter Law, more familiarly known as the Faulkner Act. In the post-World War II era there was a general push toward more efficiency and professionalism in municipal government, as well as the creation of stronger executives at all levels of government. The 1947 New Jersey State Constitution , a contemporary document, reflects these trends as well. Under

5325-433: The state of New Jersey that is not part of an incorporated municipality. Some communities in the state of New Jersey are well-defined areas or neighborhoods that are part of one or more incorporated municipalities, but they are not independent municipalities in their own right. While these communities may have a sense of "communal character" and unique identity, they are all located within incorporated municipalities. Some of

5400-494: Was 32.7 years. For every 100 females, the population had 98.2 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 95.1 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $ 65,085 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 9,111) and the median family income was $ 70,050 (+/− $ 7,451). Males had a median income of $ 47,974 (+/− $ 4,268) versus $ 43,721 (+/− $ 3,157) for females. The per capita income for

5475-452: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.22. In the borough, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 8.0% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males. The median income for

5550-409: Was 69.81% (1,804) White , 15.02% (388) Black or African American , 0.58% (15) Native American , 1.35% (35) Asian , 0.08% (2) Pacific Islander , 9.48% (245) from other races , and 3.68% (95) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.07% (441) of the population. Of the 938 households, 36.5% had children under the age of 18; 45.2% were married couples living together; 17.0% had

5625-541: Was the last to do so, but on December 20, 2011, its residents voted to change to the Walsh Act form of government, with a three-member board of commissioners. New Jersey municipalities are not restricted in their form of government by the type of municipality. Any type of municipality that chooses to do so can adopt one of the six standard optional forms of government listed below, with some exceptions. Municipalities may also adopt non-standard forms of government by having

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