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45-777: FOI has its headquarters in Kista ( Stockholm ). Other FOI offices or research centres are located in Grindsjön , Linköping , and Umeå . FOI was created in 2001 by combining the Swedish National Defence Research Institute (FOA) with the National Aeronautical Research Institute (FFA). The first of these agencies, FFA, had been created in 1940 in Bromma , Stockholm as a governmental research institute for

90-608: A large part of its budget. FOI also receives funding from other Swedish government institutions and, to a lesser extent, from the EU. FOI also conducts research commissioned by private customers on commercial terms, including outside Sweden. In 2019, FOI had a budget of approximately 1.25 billion SEK. In 2019, FOI employed 983 people, including "scientists, social scientists, economists, legal practitioners, and philosophers". One third of employees were women. 39 percent of employees, excluding supporting staff, held doctoral degrees. The average age

135-472: A regular university. In 1927, KTH was finally granted the right to confer its own doctorates, under the designation Teknologie doktor (Doctor of Technology), and the first five doctors were created in 1929. In 1984, the civilingenjör programs at all Swedish universities were extended from four years to 4.5. From 1989, the shorter programs in technology arranged by the municipal polytechnical schools in Sweden

180-605: Is Sweden's largest corporate center and one of the most important ICT clusters in the world. The area is home to over a thousand companies in the ICT sector, for example Ericsson , Volvo , IBM , Tele2 , TietoEnator , Microsoft , Intel and Oracle . Since 2002, the current School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (at KTH) has had a part of its activities in Flemingsberg , Stockholm. Flemingsberg

225-510: Is Sweden's largest library for technology and basic sciences. The foundation for the library was laid in 1827, when KTH was founded in Stockholm. The main library is located on KTH's main campus in central Stockholm. The KTH library is a central academic meeting place at KTH, and an arena for collaboration. The library also has two branch libraries, in Kista and Södertälje. KTH Library supports

270-598: Is a public research university in Stockholm , Sweden . KTH conducts research and education in engineering and technology and is Sweden's largest technical university. Currently, KTH consists of five schools with four campuses in and around Stockholm. KTH was established in 1827 as the Teknologiska institutet (Institute of Technology) and had its roots in the Mekaniska skolan (School of Mechanics) that

315-557: Is an area of high academic density and one of northern Europe's most important areas for biotechnology, both in terms of research and industrial activities. Södertörn University and the Karolinska Institute also conducts education and research in Flemingsberg, often in collaboration with KTH. KTH Södertälje is the southernmost and smallest KTH campus, located in the city of Södertälje . Education at KTH Södertälje

360-488: Is constantly developed via a close co-operation with the town's business community and in particular major Södertälje companies such as Scania and AstraZeneca . KTH offers both bachelor's and master's level courses on the campus, mainly focused on mechanical engineering, logistics, production and product development. The library at the Royal Institute of Technology ("Kungliga Tekniska högskolans bibliotek", KTHB)

405-591: Is done at Ericsson , with 100,000 employees worldwide, but with its research and worldwide headquarters in the Kista Science City. Kista was named after an old farm "Kista Gård", still located in the area. The construction of the modern parts were started in the 1970s. Most of the streets in Kista are named after towns and places in Denmark , Iceland , Greenland , and the Faroe Islands . Before

450-413: Is located in the main library. The main library is housed in a building from 1917 designed by architect Erik Lallerstedt, who also designed the rest of the university's then new campus. The building was later rebuilt several times, and in the 1950s the former open courtyard was built in. During the period 2000–2002, the building was rebuilt according to drawings by architect Per Ahrbom. The extension from

495-552: Is the patron of KTH. KTH is ranked 73rd in the world among all universities in the 2024 QS World University Rankings , which is higher than any other university in the Nordic countries . KTH's earliest Swedish predecessor was the Laboratorium Mechanicum, a collection of mechanical models for teaching created in 1697 by Christopher Polhem . Polhem is considered to be the father of mechanics in Sweden. He founded

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540-571: Is traded", from the Old Swedish word "kvi", meaning livestock, and "sta(d)", meaning place) is a district in the borough of Rinkeby-Kista , Stockholm , Sweden. It has a strategic position located in between Sweden's main airport, the Stockholm-Arlanda International Airport and central Stockholm, and alongside the main national highway E4 economic artery. Kista comprises residential and commercial areas,

585-880: The Swedish Institute of Computer Science and Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI who has its headquarters there, just as Ericsson , Swedish IBM and Tele 2 , among others has. Also the Swedish Co-location Centre of EU innovation and entrepreneurial education organisation EIT Digital is located in Kista and offers a 2-year Master program in collaboration with KTH Royal Institute of Technology . 59°24′05″N 17°56′40″E  /  59.40139°N 17.94444°E  / 59.40139; 17.94444 Royal Institute of Technology The KTH Royal Institute of Technology ( Swedish : Kungliga Tekniska högskolan , lit.   'Royal Technical High School'), abbreviated KTH ,

630-555: The 1950s and 1960s, nuclear research constituted a considerable part of FOA's activities. After Sweden signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 1968, the remaining nuclear development activities were dismantled, and only protection research remained in the nuclear area. Initially, all FOA activities were located in the Stockholm region, but in the 1970s some parts were relocated to Karlstad , Linköping, and Umeå. In 2005, several of FOI's activities in

675-424: The 1950s was demolished and a new entrance and office building with a glass facade were erected. The courtyard is the library's central room, and the rest of the library is grouped around the courtyard. Old facades have been renovated, both towards the courtyard and towards the streets. Inside, the old part of the house has been renovated and regained much of the original architecture. The renovation and extension of

720-704: The 1970s with companies such as SRA (Svenska Radioaktiebolaget, now a part of Ericsson ), RIFA AB (later Ericsson Components AB, and later still Ericsson Microelectronics AB, and now Infineon Technologies ), and IBM Svenska AB (the Swedish branch of IBM ). Ericsson has had its headquarters in Kista since 2003. Kista hosts entire departments of both KTH Royal Institute of Technology , such as Wireless@KTH, and Stockholm University (formerly jointly known as "the IT University"). There are also Swedish national research institutes (pure research, no students) such as

765-542: The Higher Artillery College in Marieberg . In 1877, the name was changed into the current one, which changed KTH's status from Institute ( institut ) to College ( högskola ), and some courses were extended from three years to four. Architecture was also added to the curriculum. In 1915, the degree titles conferred by KTH received legal protection. In the late 19th century, it had become common to use

810-507: The Institute of Technology was founded in Stockholm. The institute's first director, Gustav Magnus Schwartz, made a study trip to France, Germany and England, where he bought books for the institute's library. The first collection of 800 books consisted mainly of books on crafts. In 1845, Professor Joachim Åkerman became the institute's new director. During his time, the library focused entirely on scientific literature. In 1869, Falu Bergsskola

855-488: The Stockholm region were consolidated at a common location in Kista. When FOI was created in 2001 from FOA and FFA, the number of employees stood at around 1,300. In the early 2000s, activities at FOI were scaled back as a cost-saving measure. In 2007, the number of employees had been reduced to around 1,000, where it has remained. The institute is organised under the Swedish Ministry of Defence , which provides

900-421: The Swedish aviation industry, large parts of which were devoted to military aircraft . The second, FOA, had been created in 1945 from three existing organisations: Soon after FOA's creation in 1945, the organisation was tasked with investigating the novel invention of nuclear weapons . This included protection activities and investigations, but also preparations for a possible Swedish nuclear weapon program . In

945-551: The Technological Institute ( Teknologiska institutet ), following the establishment of polytechnical schools in many European countries the early years of the 19th century, often based on the model of École polytechnique in Paris. The institute had one professor in chemistry and one in physics , and one class in mechanical engineering and one in chemical engineering . During the first years, however, teaching

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990-761: The USNEWS rankings. KTH was the 138th best-ranked universities worldwide in 2022 in terms of aggregate performance across QS, THE, and ARWU, as reported by ARTU. It was ranked 101–125th worldwide in the THE World Reputation Rankings 2022. In the QS rankings by subject 2023: In the Times Higher Education subject rankings 2023: KTH Campus is the main campus of KTH located in the area of Östermalm . The main buildings by architect Erik Lallerstedt , were completed in 1917. The bells of

1035-413: The academic and digital skills of students and researchers. The library promotes open access publishing and provides the university with analyses that support and make it easier to make strategic decisions. One of the goals is to increase the awareness of KTH's research. The library's main purpose is to strengthen the quality of education and research. The foundation for the library was created in 1827 when

1080-544: The award must also be a Swedish citizen. Usually, the prize is awarded to a single prize winner, but it has happened that two or three prize winners have shared the prize. The list of recipients is at KTH:s stora pris . KTH has been awarded the title "European University" by the European Commission . Together with six other European technical universities, KTH has formed the alliance UNITE! (University Network for Innovation, Technology and Engineering). The aim of

1125-475: The clock-tower were completed ten years later in 1927 at the 10 year anniversary of the transformation of the School of Mechanics to the Technological Institute. The buildings and surroundings were decorated by prominent early 20th-century Swedish artists such as Carl Milles , Axel Törneman , Georg Pauli , Tore Strindberg and Ivar Johnsson . The older buildings on the campus were renovated heavily in 1994. While

1170-460: The first buildings of KTH's new campus on Valhallavägen were completed, and still constitute its main campus. Although the engineering education of the late 19th and early 20th century were scientifically founded, until the early 20th century, research as such was not seen as a central activity of an Institute of Technology. Those engineering graduates who went on to academic research had to earn their doctorates, typically in physics or chemistry, at

1215-521: The head of the School of Mining in Falun and a former professor of chemistry at KTH, took over. He led a full reorganisation of the institute in 1846–1848, after which he returned to his post in Falun. An entrance test and a minimum age of 16 for students was introduced, which led to creating proper engineering training at the institute. In 1851, the engineering program was extended from two years to three. In

1260-423: The internet boom of 2000. It is the largest corporate area in Sweden, important to the national economy due to the presence of, among others, Ericsson , one of the largest corporations in Sweden. Kista Science City is the location where a large portion of the research and development of the world's 4G LTE mobile telephony infrastructure is being developed, to a European ETSI standard used worldwide. A majority

1305-410: The laboratorium as a school and research facility in the engineering field of mechanics after his extensive trips, studies and research abroad. The mechanical models that formed the basis of the education were used intermittently for teaching practical mechanics by different masters until the School of Mechanics ( Mekaniska skolan ) was founded in 1798. In 1827 the School of Mechanics was transformed into

1350-449: The late 1850s, the institute entered a time of expansion. In 1863, it received its own purpose-built buildings on Drottninggatan . In 1867, its regulations were again overhauled, to state explicitly that the institute should provide scientific training to its students. In 1869, the School of Mining in Falun was moved to Stockholm and merged with the institute. In 1871, the institute took over the civil engineering course formerly arranged by

1395-564: The latter in the highly technological telecommunications and information technology industry. There are large research efforts in this entire area, which therefore is dubbed Kista Science City. It is the research park of KTH Royal Institute of Technology . Kista is the largest Information and Communications Technology (ICT) cluster in Europe, and was ranked the world's second largest cluster after Silicon Valley in California during

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1440-426: The library has won several architectural awards. In 2004, Per Ahrbom was awarded the “Helgopriset”. The title was överdirektor first, then föreståndare and from the beginning of the 20th century rektor . Many prominent former students have attended KTH, including; KTH Great Prize is a prize annually awarded by KTH. The distributed amount was SEK 1,200,000 in 2019. The prize is awarded to: The recipient of

1485-614: The motto is "Science and the Art of its Application." KTH is organized into five schools individually responsible for education and research activities. Each of the schools head a number of departments, centres of excellence, and study programmes. The schools are: KTH was 73rd worldwide in the QS WUR 2024, 97th worldwide in the THE WUR 2024, 201–300th worldwide in ARWU 2022, and 207th worldwide in

1530-477: The opening of the Mall of Scandinavia , Kista Galleria was the biggest shopping center in the Stockholm region . Because of its ICT industries, it became in the 1980s referred to as "Chipsta" and, after Sweden joined the EU in 1995, also as Europe's "Silicon Valley". Kista is the largest corporate area in Sweden and important to the national economy. The construction of the industrial section of Kista began in

1575-440: The original campus was large at the time of construction, KTH very soon outgrew it, and the campus has since been expanded with new buildings. KTH Campus is still the base for most of the university's operations. In the 1980s, the predecessor to the current School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (at KTH) located some of their operations to a campus in Kista , Stockholm. Kista is situated north of central Stockholm and

1620-492: The reactor was an important research tool for scientists at the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences ( Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien ). At 18:59 on 13 July 1954, the reactor achieved criticality and sustained Sweden's first nuclear reaction. R1 was to be the main site for almost all Swedish nuclear research until 1970 when the reactor was finally decommissioned, mostly due to the increased awareness of

1665-552: The risks associated with operating a reactor in a densely populated area of Stockholm. The motto of KTH, "Vetenskap och konst," is directly translated as "Science and Art." Here, the word konst (art) does not necessarily refer to creative art as the word typically does in its English usage. Rather, konst paired with vetenskap (science) more precisely describes the konst of putting scientific knowledge into practice; that is, through ingenjörskonst (engineering, literally "art of engineering"). Hence, another possible translation of

1710-418: The subject and eventually build a nuclear reactor for testing. After a few years of basic research, they started building a 300 kW (later expanded to 1 MW) reactor, named Reaktor 1 ( R1 ), in a reactor hall 25 meters under the surface right underneath KTH. Today this might seem ill-considered, since approximately 40,000 people lived within a 1 km radius. It was risky, but was deemed tolerable since

1755-535: The title civilingenjör (literally "civil engineer") for most KTH-trained engineers, and not just those who studied building and construction-related subjects. The only exception was the mining engineers, which called themselves bergsingenjör ("mountain engineer"). For a while, the title civilingenjör was equal to "KTH graduate" but in 1937, Chalmers in Gothenburg became the second Swedish engineering college which were allowed to confirm these titles. In 1917,

1800-485: The university. After the American deployment of nuclear weapons at the end of World War II , the Swedish military leadership recognized the need for nuclear weapons to be thoroughly investigated and researched to provide Sweden with the knowledge to defend itself from a nuclear attack. With the mission to "make something with neutrons", the Swedish team, with scientists like Rolf Maximilian Sievert , set out to research

1845-805: Was 46 years old for both sexes. The activities of FOI include research , development of technology , and analysis , primarily for military defence, but also for civil emergencies , natural disasters , security, and other civilian applications. FOI also studies security policy , conflicts , and international affairs . According to its website, FOI is organised into five sections, four of which engage in research and one that provides administrative support: FOI reports are published online or in print, in Swedish and/or in English. [REDACTED] Media related to Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut at Wikimedia Commons Kista Kista ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈɕǐːsta] , meaning "place where livestock

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1890-421: Was at a very elementary level, and more aimed at craftsmanship rather than engineering as such. The institute was also plagued by conflicts between the faculty and the founder and head of the institute, Gustaf Magnus Schwartz, who was responsible for the artisanal focus of the institute. A government committee was appointed in 1844 to solve the issues, which led to removing Schwartz in 1845. Instead, Joachim Åkerman,

1935-571: Was established in 1798 in Stockholm. But the origin of KTH dates back to the predecessor of the Mekaniska skolan , the Laboratorium mechanicum , which was established in 1697 by the Swedish scientist and innovator Christopher Polhem . The Laboratorium mechanicum combined education technology, a laboratory, and an exhibition space for innovations. In 1877, KTH received its current name, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH Royal Institute of Technology). The Swedish king, His Majesty Carl XVI Gustaf ,

1980-434: Was gradually extended and moved into the university system, from 1989 as two-year programs and from 1995 alternatively as three-year programs. For KTH, this meant that additional campuses around the Stockholm area were added. In the present-day, KTH provides one-third of Sweden's research and engineering education. In 2019, there were a total of 13,500 undergraduate students, 1,700 doctoral students, and 3,600 staff members at

2025-612: Was transferred to the institute, and 2 000 books in metallurgy and chemistry were incorporated into the library collection. In 2013, KTH library was visited by US president Barack Obama. The library currently focuses on electronic books and journals, and it is also responsible for the KTH part of DiVA, the institutional repository for research publications, where all KTH publications are collected. The library has extensive printed collections that have been built up over time. The rare books collection consists of 60,000 volumes from 1827 to 1960 and

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