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34-477: The meaning which underlies both applications is that of representative or delegate. Du Cange , after defining the word as defensor , patronus , advocatus , proceeds: Syndici maxime appellantur Actores universitatum, collegiorum, societatum et aliorum corporum, per quos, tanquam in republica quod communiter agi fierive oportet, agitur et fit ("Syndics are chiefly called the actors of universities, colleges, societies, and other bodies, through whom, as in

68-491: A syndic de copropriété (Dutch syndicus , Portuguese síndico ) is an important figure in millions of lives, elected by owners of condominiums to represent property owners in the management of the co-owned building or property. While the profession is regulated, fees are not, and in France complaints of overcharging are frequent. The Association des responsables de copropriété (ARC) reported that fees rose by 4% in 2016, though

102-576: A fine collection of 20th-century art; miniatures, drawings, watercolours and prints. Among the notable works in the antiquities collection is a bas-relief from Persepolis , and a colossal caryatid from Eleusis known as the Saint Demetra . There is also the largest collection of 16th-century Elizabethan virginal manuscript music written by some of the most notable composers of the time, such as William Byrd , Doctor John Bull , Orlando Gibbons and Thomas Tallis . The Egyptian Galleries at

136-574: A glossary of medieval and late Greek that he published ten years later, has gone through numerous editions and revisions and is still consulted frequently by scholars today. Du Cange's pioneering work distinguished medieval Latin and Greek from their earlier classical forms, marking the beginning of the study of the historical development of languages. Du Cange mastered languages in order to pursue his main scholarly interests, medieval and Byzantine history. He corresponded voluminously with his fellow scholars. His great historical and linguistic knowledge

170-743: A good substantial museum repository". The Fitzwilliam now contains over 500,000 items and is one of the best museums in the United Kingdom. The collection was initially placed in the Perse School building in Free School Lane . It was moved in 1842 to the Old Schools in central Cambridge, which housed the Cambridge University Library . The "Founder's Building" was built during the period 1837–1843 to

204-522: A new gallery of Cypriot art; applied arts, including English and European pottery and glass, furniture, clocks, fans, armour, Chinese, Japanese and Korean art, rugs and samplers; coins and medals; illuminated, literary and music manuscripts and rare printed books; paintings, including masterpieces by Simone Martini , Domenico Veneziano , Titian , Veronese , Rubens , Van Dyck , van Goyen , Frans Hals , Canaletto , Hogarth , Gainsborough , Constable , Monet , Degas , Renoir , Cézanne and Picasso and

238-510: A republic, what must be pursued and done in common, is pursued and done"), and gives several examples from the 13th century of the use of the term. The most familiar use of syndic in the first sense is that of the Italian sindaco and the French syndic who is the head of the administration of a comune , comparable to a mayor , and a government official, elected by the residents of

272-487: A set of 25 watercolour drawings donated to the university by John Ruskin in 1861. Sir Sydney Cockerell , who was serving as director of the museum at the time, acquired a further eight Turner watercolours and some of his writings. The museum's collection of Pre-Raphaelite paintings includes a version of Ford Madox Brown 's 1855 The Last of England , voted eighth-greatest painting in Britain in 2005's Radio 4 poll,

306-501: Is in charge of legally representing the city council, procuring justice and the legality of the municipal administration. The syndic is also responsible for monitoring and managing the municipal finances. They must participate collegially with the mayor and the rest of the municipal council to make decisions on the political management of the municipality. In Europe in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, nearly all companies, guilds, and

340-873: Is known as the Síndic General (General Syndic) or Síndic Primer (First Syndic). Until the 1993 Constitution , the First Syndic was the effective head of government of Andorra . Similarly, the Síndic d'Aran ( Aran Syndic in Occitan ) is the head of the administration of the Aran Valley in Catalonia . In Catalonia , the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community ,

374-548: Is the oldest society in Britain specifically dedicated to the long-term support and development of a museum. The Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum have raised funds to acquire major artworks and provide for the expansion and refurbishment of the museum site. The current priorities of the Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum include acquisition of major contemporary works and development of a significant endowment to secure

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408-695: The Síndic de Greuges or Síndica de Greuges ("advocate of grievances") is the ombudsman or ombudswoman , while the Síndic de Comptes or Síndica de Comptes is a board member of the Public Audit Office in each of the three regions. In the Valencian Parliament , the spokesperson of a parliamentary group is called a síndic or síndica , and together they form the Junta de Síndics (Board of Spokespersons), while in

442-710: The Greatest Painting in Britain Vote . Many items in the museum are on loan from colleges of the University of Cambridge , for example an important group of impressionist paintings owned by King's College , which includes Cézanne 's The Abduction and a study for Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Seurat . Many of the Fitzwilliam's paintings were donated by alumni and donors of

476-530: The Horta de València region (the area around the city of Valencia ), a síndic is also a member of the Water Tribunal ( Tribunal de les Aigües ), the body in charge of regulating irrigation matters. In Alguer , Sardinia , the síndic is the equivalent of mayor. A syndic is a trustee, the member of the municipal council responsible for monitoring and defending municipal interests. The syndic

510-814: The Middle Ages and Byzantium . Educated by Jesuits , du Cange studied law and practiced for several years before assuming the office of Treasurer of France. Du Cange was a busy, energetic man who pursued historical scholarship alongside his demanding official duties and his role as head of a large family. Du Cange's most important work is his Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis (Glossary of writers in medieval and late Latin , Paris, 1678, 3 vol.), revised and expanded under various titles, for example, Glossarium manuale ad scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis (Halae, 1772–1784) or from 1840 onward, Glossarium mediae et infimae Latinitatis (Glossary of medieval and late Latin). This work, together with

544-523: The Rathkeale Rovers . The burglars were eventually caught and sentenced to a combined 18 years in jail, but several of the most valuable pieces were not recovered and are speculated to have been sold to China. Estimates of the lost artifacts' value range up to £57 million, making the heist one of the most significant by value in UK history. Founded in 1909, the Friends of the Fitzwilliam Museum

578-559: The University of Paris had representative bodies the members of which were termed syndici . Similarly in England , the Regent House of the University of Cambridge , which is the legislative body, delegates certain functions to special committees of its members, appointed from time to time by Grace (a proposal offered to the Regent House and confirmed by it); these committees are termed "syndicates" and are permanent or occasional, and

612-450: The Fitzwilliam Museum reopened in 2006 after a two-year, £1.5 million programme of refurbishment, conservation and research. The redevelopment also allowed for the public display of more antiquities which had previously been confined to the Fitzwilliam's underground storage facility. The Egyptian Galleries are among the museum's most popular exhibits. They feature an immersive public display which allows families and young visitors to understand

646-538: The Roman Empire . In one footnote he calls du Cange "our sure and indefatigable guide in the Middle Ages and Byzantine history." Fitzwilliam Museum The Fitzwilliam Museum is the art and antiquities museum of the University of Cambridge . It is located on Trumpington Street opposite Fitzwilliam Street in central Cambridge . It was founded in 1816 under the will of Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam (1745–1816), and comprises one of

680-532: The University of Cambridge, for instance, the economist Maynard Keynes donated his personal collection, including Cezanne 's Still Life With Apples which he bought in 1918. In 2015, the museum displayed the Rothschild Bronzes , two bronze statues that it believed to be the work of Italian Renaissance artist Michelangelo . If true, they would be the only known surviving bronze sculptures by

714-467: The artist. The pair of statues depict naked, apparently drunk, men riding panthers . Art historian Paul Joannides connected the statues to a drawing in the Musée Fabre by an apprentice of Michelangelo depicting the same subject in the same pose. On 25 January 2006, a visitor tripped and shattered three massive Qing Dynasty vases which had been on public display since 1948. In April 2006,

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748-449: The best collections of antiquities and modern art in western Europe. With over half a million objects and artworks in its collections, the displays in the museum explore world history and art from antiquity to the present. The treasures of the museum include artworks by Monet , Picasso , Rubens , Vincent van Gogh , Renoir , Rembrandt , Cézanne , Van Dyck , and Canaletto , as well as a winged bas-relief from Nimrud . Admission to

782-553: The commune. As indicated above, in Italy and some Italian and French speaking parts of Switzerland , the term sindaco or sindaca , or syndic , is equivalent to the English term 'mayor', in this case, the head of the administration of a comune . In areas where Catalan or Occitan are spoken, the term has been used since Medieval times. At present it is used in a variety of cases. The speaker of Andorra's parliament

816-612: The context and landscape of ancient Egyptian through participatory exhibitions. Today, the Fitzwilliam's Egyptian Galleries contain some of the best displays on Egyptian antiquities outside the British Museum . The museum has a wide collection of paintings and sketches, including works by Monet , Picasso , Rubens , Vincent van Gogh , Cézanne , Degas , Rembrandt , Van Dyck , Canaletto , Constable , Murillo ( The Vision of Fray Lauterio ), and Renoir . It also has extensive works by J. M. W. Turner , which has its origins in

850-514: The designs of George Basevi , completed by C. R. Cockerell . The decorative carving, pediment and four lions were by William Grinsell Nicholl . The foundation stone of the new building was laid by Gilbert Ainslie in 1837. The museum opened in 1848. The Palladian Entrance Hall, by Edward Middleton Barry , was completed in 1875. A further large bequest was made to the university in 1912 by Charles Brinsley Marlay , including £80,000 and 84 paintings from his private collection. A two-storey extension to

884-404: The man was arrested but charges of causing criminal damage were dropped. Scholars and restoration experts from the Fitzwilliam Museum were able to reconstruct the damaged porcelain vases and largely restore them to their former splendour. The vases have been put back on display and are now protected by security glass. On 13 April 2012, 18 pieces of Chinese jade were stolen by a gang nicknamed

918-672: The members are styled "the syndics" of the particular committee or of the institution which they administer; thus there are the syndics of the Fitzwilliam Museum , of the Cambridge University Press , of local examinations, etc. The term sindicat in Catalan is used in a broad sense to mean an association for the defence of the economic or social interests of its members, and therefore is often used generically to refer to labour organizations , as well as in

952-576: The order are owned by the Holy See itself, or the local diocese or, sometimes, by a "syndic," an independent layman who is the actual owner of the land but who loans it to the friars. Within Syndicalist and Anarcho-syndicalist organizations, a syndic is a member of an autonomous union, also called a Syndicate, which make up the basic organizational unit of society. As these models are organized along principles of non-hierarchy and direct democracy,

986-416: The public is always free. The museum is a partner in the University of Cambridge Museums consortium, one of 16 Major Partner Museum services funded by Arts Council England to lead the development of the museums sector. The museum was founded in 1816 with the legacy of the library and art collection of Richard FitzWilliam, 7th Viscount FitzWilliam . The bequest included £100,000 "to cause to be erected

1020-670: The rate of inflation was only 0.2%, and since 2014 three of the largest syndics in Paris have raised their fees by amounts ranging from 26% to 37%. One special use of the term applies to the Franciscan order of priests and brothers. The Order of Friars Minor (OFM), as opposed to the Order of Friars Minor Conventual (OFM Conv.), is forbidden by its constitutions from owning property, as part of its commitment to communal poverty. Various arrangements therefore exist whereby churches and houses of

1054-612: The south-east, paid for partly by the Courtauld family , was added in 1931, greatly expanding the space of the museum and allowing research teams to work on site. The museum buildings and, separately, the boundary along the street frontage, are Grade I listed. The museum has five departments: Antiquities; Applied Arts; Coins and Medals; Rare Manuscripts and Printed Books; and Paintings, Drawings and Prints. Together these cover antiquities from ancient Egypt , Nubia , Greece and Rome , Romano-Egyptian art, Western Asiatic displays, and

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1088-555: The title syndic is applied to all in the syndicate and does not imply a position of power over any other member, unlike older usages of the title. Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange ( French: [ʃaʁl dy fʁɛn sjœʁ dy kɑ̃ʒ] ; December 18, 1610 in Amiens – October 23, 1688 in Paris , aged 77), also known simply as Charles Dufresne , was a distinguished French philologist and historian of

1122-893: The titles of certain labour organizations or federations (for instance, the Confederació Sindical de Treballadors de Catalunya, the Unió Sindical Obrera de Catalunya, the Coordinadora Obrera Sindical, etc.), student organizations ( Sindicat d'Estudiants dels Països Catalans , Sindicat d'Estudiants del País Valencià, Sindicat Democràtic d'Estudiants de la Universitat de Barcelona, etc.) and journalist organizations (Sindicat de Periodistes de Catalunya / Sindicat de Professionals de la Comunicació, etc.), among others. The members or leaders of these organisations, however, are not called síndics . In some countries, notably France, Belgium and Brazil,

1156-414: Was complemented by equally deep learning in archaeology, geography and law. In addition to his glossaries, he produced important new editions of Byzantine historians and a number of other works. His extensive history of Illyria was not published until 1746 by Joseph Keglevich , who partially corrected it. Du Cange is one of the historians Edward Gibbon cites most frequently in his Decline and Fall of

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