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46-696: The PL-2 was the root of a family of AAMs; of the derivatives, only the PL-5 B was successful. The PRC acquired an intact AIM-9B during the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1958. Air combat between over the strait between the Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) and the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) marked the combat debut of AAMs, with Sidewinder-armed ROCAF F-86 Sabres achieving notable success against PLAAF J-5s . On 28 September,

92-639: A J-5 returned to base with an unexploded Sidewinder lodged in its airframe. China's attempts to reverse engineer the AIM-9B failed. China transferred the missile to the Soviet Union , which agreed to share the reverse engineered product; in 1961, China received technical data for and examples of the K-13. Replication of the K-13 began in 1962 with live-fire tests occurring in 1967. In 1967, Factory 331 in Zhuzhou

138-510: A Soviet military academy graduate, was dispatched to Moscow immediately; the Chinese delegation was given three days to visit the MiG-21's production facility, which was previously off-limits to foreigners. The visit's authorization was personally given by Nikita Khrushchev, and on 30 March 1962, the technology transfer deal was signed. However, given the state of political relations between

184-619: A consequence, full-scale production of the J-7 was only truly achieved during the 1980s, by which time the original aircraft design was showing its age. By the 1980s, quantity production of the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon fighter was well underway in the United States ; this relatively-affordable single-engined western fighter was considerably more agile than the J-7, even with the former carrying

230-479: A greater payload. In 1987, the J-7E was introduced, having a greatly improved wing, among other improvements. It was roughly 45% more maneuverable, and its takeoff and landing performance was greatly increased. It was also equipped with a helmet mounted sight, as well as being the first MiG-21 variant to be equipped with HOTAS and a multipurpose display. Many of the electronic components were British in origin, such as

276-528: A major improvement over the PL-2. The requirements were overambitious and the Cultural Revolution disrupted development. The first prototypes were delivered for ground testing in 1968, and received final state certification in 1980. It was only marginally better than the PL-2 and the proximity fuse was unreliable. The missile was cancelled in 1983. The PL-5B was the passive infrared-homing variant of

322-516: A mid-air collision during a rehearsal of an aerial display for the 58th anniversary of Nigeria's independence. During the lengthy Second Sudanese Civil War , Sudan procured a number of F-7s. In November 1993, it was reported that Iran had allegedly financed Sudan's purchase of around 20 Chinese ground-attack aircraft, having pledged $ 17 million in financial aid to the Sudanese government and arranged for $ 300 million in Chinese arms to be delivered to

368-517: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chengdu J-7 The Chengdu J-7 ( Chinese : 歼-7; third generation export version F-7 ; NATO reporting name : Fishcan ) is a Chinese fighter aircraft . It is a license-built version of the Soviet Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 , and thus shares many similarities with that aircraft. The aircraft is armed with short-range, infrared homing air-to-air missiles and

414-598: Is mainly designed for short range air-to-air combat. The aircraft is also used for close air support. On 30 March 1962, the Soviet Union and China signed a technology transference arrangement pertaining to the MiG-21. Allegedly, while various kits, components, completed aircraft and associated documents were delivered to the Shenyang Aircraft Factory , the design documentation was incomplete, and Chinese designers made efforts to reverse engineer

460-671: The AIM-9 Sidewinder . The PL-5 was designed and developed at China's Luoyang Electro-Optics Technology Development Centre (EOTDC), also known as Institute 612; its design team members included Chen Jiali (陈家礼), Dong Chunfeng, Hu Rongchao (胡荣超), Huang Bin, Zhang Ming (张明), and Zheng Zhiwei (郑志伟). It was reportedly produced at the Hanzhong Nanfeng Machine Factory (also known as the Hanzhong Air-to-Air Missile Factory) of

506-566: The Bangladesh Air Force entered service in 2013. The F-7BGI is one of the most advanced variants, and the last production model of the F-7/J-7 family. During the 1980s, Pakistan launched Project Sabre II in an effort to increase the effectiveness of its F-7 fleet by redesigning and upgrading the airframe. The program produced to a design study which was drawn up by engineers from Northrop Grumman, China and Pakistan, but by 1989,

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552-724: The China Aviation Industry Corporation I . The PL-5 have been continuously upgraded by Luoyang and the latest variant, the PL-5EII, added a dual band, multi-element detector as well as a laser proximity fuse similar to the PL-9 . According to the Chinese export/import agency CATIC , the PL5E has an all-aspect capability with the seeker having a maximum off boresight angle of ±25° before launch, and ±40° after launch. PLAAF J-10 and J-11 fighter jets mainly use

598-651: The PL-8 missile , stealth fighters such as the J-20 and J-35 use the PL-10 , which are more advanced short-range air-to-air missiles when compared to the PL-5. However, due to greater weight and dimensions of the PL-8 and PL-10 missiles, for F-7 and JH-7 , the PL-5, PL-7 and PL-9 are still the preferable air-to-air missile at this stage. This article relating to missiles

644-640: The Second Congo War . Their only deployment in the DR Congo took place in January 2001, when four aircraft were to participate in the burial ceremony for the assassinated president, Laurent-Désiré Kabila . During the journey from Zimbabwe to Kinshasa , one of them crashed, with its pilot ejecting safely. Moreover, on the return trip, two aircraft were damaged on landing, although both were repaired and returned to service. The deployment of F-7As near

690-620: The Shenyang J-8 based both on the expertise gained by the program, and by utilizing the incomplete technical information acquired from the Soviet Ye-152 developmental jet. During May 2013, production of the J-7 was permanently terminated, bringing to a close a period of manufacturing stretching almost 50 years. At the China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition in 2018, a display showing

736-605: The Soviet Union shared a large proportion of its conventional weapons technology with its neighbor, China . One such example is the MiG-19 , which was locally produced by China as the Shenyang J-6 from as early as 1958. During the same decade, the even more capable MiG-21 had been developed by the Soviets; this fighter, being inexpensive but fast, suited the strategy of forming large groups of 'people's fighters' to overcome

782-420: The 1980s, Iran procured a number of F-7s, despite Chinese officials issuing denials of directly supplying military equipment to the country at that time. Despite its use as a frontline fighter, the type has not been involved in any known combat actions. By the 21st century, it was largely relegated to use as a trainer aircraft. The F-7 has also been used as a flying test bed for various indigenous technologies. In

828-552: The Chinese intercepted several Soviet MiG-21s en route to North Vietnam (during the Vietnam War ), but these aircraft did not perform in a manner consistent with their original specifications, suggesting that the Chinese actually intercepted down-rated aircraft that were intended for export, rather than fully capable production aircraft. For this reason, the Chinese had to re-engineer the intercepted MiG-21 airframes in order to achieve their original capabilities. China later developed

874-746: The Fighter China project, it led to the creation of the JF-17 Thunder multirole fighter. The aircraft satisfied a requirement issued by the Pakistani Air Force for an affordable and modern combat aircraft, and the country is in the process of replacing its entire F-7 fleet with JF-17s. In 1991, the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) was looking for a jet attack aircraft to provide fast close air support to its army. With western countries refusing to sell attack aircraft,

920-537: The Government of Sri Lanka approached China for the purchase of several Nanchang Q-5s , which had the range and payload capacity needed by the SLAF, and was already used by Pakistan and Bangladesh. Due to pressure from the west, China agreed to sell a small number of F-7BS fighters which allowed the SLAF to restore its capabilities that were lost a decade back. Due to the type's comparative lack of endurance and payload,

966-620: The J-7 as an unmanned platform was shown. During August 2005, Namibia ordered 12 F-7NMs for its air force; Chinese sources reported the delivery in November 2006. The model procured is believed to be a variation of the F-7PG acquired by Pakistan with Grifo MG radar. In early 2008, Nigeria procured 12 F-7NI fighters and three FT-7NI trainers to replace its existing inventory of MiG-21 fighters. On September 20, 2018, two Nigerian F-7Ni aircraft crashed into Katamkpehir, Abuja, killing one pilot after

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1012-524: The J-7 reportedly commenced at the Shenyang Aircraft Factory. However, mass production efforts were severely hindered by an unexpected social and economic problem— the Cultural Revolution —that resulted in poor initial quality and slow progress. Achieving full domestic production had involved not only the local assembly of the aircraft itself, but the production of its various components and systems, including its turbojet powerplant. As

1058-508: The J-7, the J-7G, entered service with the PLAAF in 2003. The principal role of the J-7 in Chinese service is to provide local air defense and tactical air superiority. Large numbers are to be employed to deter enemy air operations. In June 2021, four J-7s participated in a combat drill conducted near Taiwan's air defense identification zone. The decommissioning of the J-7 began in 2018, with

1104-621: The PL-5 AAM; it was an improved PL-2. The 612 Institute (later the China Airborne Missile Academy) began PL-5 development in 1966, and low-rate PL-5B production started in 1987. The semi-active radar homing PL-5A was cancelled in 1983. The PL-5B was developed into the all-aspect PL-5E, which became available in 1999. The IRH PL-6 was intended provide China with a high-maneuverability AAM comparable to contemporary foreign designs. Development started in 1975 based on

1150-587: The PL-5B and was ready for flight-testing in 1979. It was cancelled in 1983 in favor of the PL-7 , a reverse-engineered French R.550 Magic . PL-5 The PL-5 (霹雳-5) air-to-air missile (PL stands for Pi Li, "Thunderbolt" in Chinese , the generic designation for all PRC air-to-air missiles) is a short-range, Infrared homing missile used by Chinese fighters . It is based on AA-2 Atoll technology and resembles

1196-674: The SLAF has periodically used its F-7s for pilot training purposes. Early in 2008, the air force received six more advanced F-7Gs, to use primarily as interceptors. All of the F-7Gs, F-7BS' and FT-7s are flown by the No 5 Jet Squadron . The SLAF has repeatedly deployed its F-7BS to conduct ground-attack missions against the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Sri Lankan officials reported that on 9 September 2008, three F-7s were scrambled after two rebel-flown Zlín-143s were detected by

1242-608: The Sudanese Army. The Tanzanian Air Force deployed its F-7As during the Uganda–Tanzania War against Uganda and Libya , fought between 1978 and 1979. Forming a major component of Tanzania's combat aircraft, the type facilitated the defeat of the nominally stronger Uganda Army Air Force during the air campaign. Due to their very limited operational capabilities in the absence of ground support from radars, Zimbabwean F-7s were never used in combat operations during

1288-453: The aircraft. While the two aircraft are greatly similar, areas of difference include the hydraulic systems and internal fuel arrangements. During March 1964, domestic production of the J-7 reportedly commenced at the Shenyang Aircraft Factory , but due to various factors including the Cultural Revolution , mass production was only truly achieved during the 1980s. Numerous models of the J-7 were developed, featuring improvements in areas such as

1334-562: The armament, avionics , and wing design. The aircraft is principally operated by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF), but numerous international operators have bought their own J-7s. Outside of China, the largest operator of the J-7 is the Pakistan Air Force . Later generation Chinese aircraft, such as the Shenyang J-8 interceptor, were developed with the lessons learned from the J-7 programme. Several nations, including Zimbabwe , Tanzania , and Sri Lanka , deployed

1380-444: The country's northern border successfully checked Yugoslav incursions into Albanian airspace. Throughout the mid-1990s, the PLAAF began to replace its J-7B inventory with the substantially redesigned and improved J-7E variant. The wings of the J-7E have a new "double delta" design offering improved aerodynamics and increased fuel capacity, and the J-7E also features a more powerful engine and improved avionics. The newest version of

1426-525: The deal was signed, it was discovered that some technical documents provided by the Soviets were incomplete and that several parts could not be used. China set about to engineer the aircraft for local production; in doing so, they successfully solved 249 major issues and reproduced eight major technical documents that were not provided by the Soviet Union. One of the major flaws was with the hydraulic systems, which grounded up to 70% of some squadron's aircraft until upgrades were made. Another major modification

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1472-481: The fleet early on, and their ground-attack performance was not deemed sufficient. Since then, Myanmar has improved the F-7 fleet's capabilities via a modernisation programme. A series of upgrades were allegedly performed by a combination of Chinese and Israeli enterprises; although confirmed details on the arrangements have remained sparse, changes reportedly include the adoption of various Israeli-built missiles. During

1518-542: The gun sight and the multi purpose display. The aircraft is capable of using PL-8/Python 3 missiles with both the helmet mounted sight or the radar fire control, but the two are not connected. The pilot may use only one system at a time. In the mid 1980s, Pakistan requested an aircraft with greater radar capabilities. Both the standard radar and the British Marconi radar were plagued by ground clutter, but China did not have any experience with air to ground radar at

1564-457: The maximum angle for target detection. The J-7 only reached its Soviet-designed capabilities in the mid 1980s. Being relatively affordable, it was widely exported as the F-7, often with Western systems incorporated, such as to Pakistan. There are over 20 different export variants of the J-7, some of which are equipped to use European weaponry, such as French R.550 Magic missiles. The Discovery Channel's Wings Over The Red Star series claims that

1610-421: The project was abandoned largely as a consequence of economic sanctions that the U.S. imposed on Pakistan. That same year, Grumman and China initiated a new design study in another attempt to redesign the F-7 but that effort was also abandoned when the U.S. placed sanctions on China in response to the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests . In 1991, a third initiative involving the F-7 was launched; originally known as

1656-472: The recent years, maintaining the fleet's operational status has reportedly become difficult. This is caused by the limited availability of spare parts, despite efforts by domestic industries to fill in, but also by the age of the airframes, which have accumulated excessive numbers of flight hours. Iranian F-7s have featured in several movies, often portraying Iraqi MiG-21s during the Iran–Iraq War . One tells

1702-602: The story of an Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force strike on the Iraqi nuclear reactor at Osirak on 30 September 1980. Another one, "Attack on H3", tells the story of the 810 km-deep raid against Iraqi Air Force airfields on 4 April 1981, and other movies depicting the air combat in 1981 that resulted in the downing of around 70 Iraqi aircraft. Iraqi F-7Bs were never used in combat, but only as advanced trainers. The Bangladeshi Air Force currently operates FT-7MB Airguards, and F-7BG and F-7BGI interceptors. The 16 F-7BGIs of

1748-512: The technological advantages of Western aircraft. However, the Sino-Soviet split abruptly ended initial cooperation efforts; between 28 July and 1 September 1960, the Soviet Union withdrew its advisers from China, resulting in the J-7 project coming to a halt in China. During February 1962, Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev unexpectedly wrote to Mao Zedong to inform him that the Soviet Union

1794-522: The time. In 1984, Pakistan provided assistance by having their American-trained F-16 pilots provide training on proper ground attack radar operation, which enabled the Chinese to develop the J-7M. In the late 1980s, the J-7MP and J-7PG introduced significant upgrades to the radar system by converting to an Italian FIAR Grifo-7 radar, more than tripled the effective range of the radar, as well as greatly increased

1840-458: The two countries, the Chinese were not optimistic about gaining the technology, and allegedly made preparations to reverse engineer the aircraft. Russian sources state that several complete MiG-21s were sent to China, flown by Soviet pilots, while MiG-21Fs in kit form was also sent along with parts and technical documents. As the Chinese had expected, following the delivery of kits, parts and documents to Shenyang Aircraft Factory five months after

1886-405: The type in offensive roles. In 2013, production of the J-7 was terminated after the delivery of 16 F-7BGI to the Bangladesh Air Force . Newer fighter aircraft, such as the JF-17 Thunder multirole fighter, have succeeded it in the export market. To date, large numbers of J-7s remain in service with multiple export customers, with PLAAF retiring the fleet in 2023. In the 1950s and early 1960s,

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1932-639: The whole fleet set to retire in 2023. According to the US Air Force China Aerospace Studies Institute , the retirement of J-7 marked the PLAAF's transition to a fleet composed of only fourth-generation and fifth-generation aircraft. According to the Chinese media, PLAAF also considered turning J-7 into drones for training tools and aerial decoys. During the 1990s, Myanmar reportedly established four squadrons of F-7s, which have been primarily used for air defense duties. Technical difficulties have reportedly plagued

1978-527: Was also revised to replace the Soviet ejection seat, which was deemed to be unacceptable. The forward opening canopy was replaced by a standard rear-hinged canopy, which was jettisoned prior to ejection. The re-engineering effort was largely successful, as the Chinese-built J-7 showed only minor differences in design and performance from the original MiG-21. During March 1964, domestic production of

2024-814: Was permitted to begin series production, but series production was delayed until 1970 due to the Cultural Revolution . In 1970, production transferred to the Nanfeng Machinery Plant in Hanzhong . Production of the PL-2A ended in February 1984. The PL-2B was based on the AIM-9E. Development began in 1976 and it entered mass production in 1981; production ended in 1986. The PL-3 was China's first "indigenously-designed" AAM and intended as

2070-410: Was to the fuel storage, increasing the aircraft's stability. The MiG-21 carries most of its fuel in the forward fuselage, causing the center of gravity to shift and become unstable after about 45 minutes of operation. The J-7 has redesigned fuel tanks and significantly larger drop tanks in order to maintain a more stable center of gravity, and therefore better Longitudinal static stability . The cockpit

2116-451: Was willing to transfer MiG-21 technology to China, and he asked the Chinese to promptly send their representatives to the Soviet Union to discuss arrangements. The Chinese viewed this offer as a Soviet gesture to make peace, while suspicious, they were nonetheless eager to take up the Soviet offer of an aircraft deal. A delegation headed by General Liu Yalou , the commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) and himself

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