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42-431: PWU may refer to: Pacific Western University (California) Pacific Western University (Hawaii) Państwowe Wytwórnie Uzbrojenia or State Arms Factories Paranur railway station , Tamil Nadu, India (station code) Pennsylvania Western University or Penn West Philippine Women's University (Manila, Philippines) Powerloom Workers Union Topics referred to by

84-420: A definition of Langefors , is a technologically implemented medium for recording, storing, and disseminating linguistic expressions, as well as for drawing conclusions from such expressions. Geographic information systems , land information systems, and disaster information systems are examples of emerging information systems, but they can be broadly considered as spatial information systems. System development

126-530: A discipline has been evolving for over 30 years now, the core focus or identity of IS research is still subject to debate among scholars. There are two main views around this debate: a narrow view focusing on the IT artifact as the core subject matter of IS research, and a broad view that focuses on the interplay between social and technical aspects of IT that is embedded into a dynamic evolving context. A third view calls on IS scholars to pay balanced attention to both

168-447: A number of different careers: There is a wide variety of career paths in the information systems discipline. "Workers with specialized technical knowledge and strong communications skills will have the best prospects. Workers with management skills and an understanding of business practices and principles will have excellent opportunities, as companies are increasingly looking to technology to drive their revenue." Information technology

210-454: A semi- formal language which supports human decision making and action. Information systems are the primary focus of study for organizational informatics. Silver et al. (1995) provided two views on IS that includes software, hardware, data, people, and procedures. The Association for Computing Machinery defines "Information systems specialists [as] focus[ing] on integrating information technology solutions and business processes to meet

252-420: A special form of IS that support all managers of the organization. They provide rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports. Expert systems attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain. Information technology departments in larger organizations tend to strongly influence

294-614: Is (or should be) used, along with others, as a point of reference for promotion and tenure and, more generally, to evaluate scholarly excellence. A number of annual information systems conferences are run in various parts of the world, the majority of which are peer reviewed. The AIS directly runs the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) and the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS), while AIS affiliated conferences include

336-478: Is a scientific field of study that addresses the range of strategic, managerial, and operational activities involved in the gathering, processing, storing, distributing, and use of information and its associated technologies in society and organizations. The term information systems is also used to describe an organizational function that applies IS knowledge in the industry, government agencies, and not-for-profit organizations. Information systems often refers to

378-484: Is a system, which consists of people and computers that process or interpret information. The term is also sometimes used to simply refer to a computer system with software installed. " Information systems " is also an academic field of study about systems with a specific reference to information and the complementary networks of computer hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and also distribute data . An emphasis

420-426: Is a work system in which activities are devoted to capturing, transmitting, storing, retrieving, manipulating and displaying information. As such, information systems inter-relate with data systems on the one hand and activity systems on the other. An information system is a form of communication system in which data represent and are processed as a form of social memory. An information system can also be considered

462-703: Is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission . It is also approved under the California Private Postsecondary Education Act of 2009, section 94890 by the California Bureau of Private Postsecondary Education (BPPE). 32°46′45″N 117°07′05″W  /  32.779216°N 117.118052°W  / 32.779216; -117.118052 Computer Information Systems A computer information system

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504-711: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pacific Western University California Miramar University ( CalMU ) is a private for-profit university in San Diego, California . The university offers degree programs through distance education and a combination of online and classroom (hybrid) delivery. It is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission . The California Post-Secondary Education Commission and California Miramar University list CalMU 's date of establishment as 2005. According to California Miramar University's website, CalMU purchased

546-703: Is done in stages which include: The field of study called information systems encompasses a variety of topics including systems analysis and design, computer networking, information security, database management, and decision support systems. Information management deals with the practical and theoretical problems of collecting and analyzing information in a business function area including business productivity tools, applications programming and implementation, electronic commerce, digital media production, data mining, and decision support. Communications and networking deals with telecommunication technologies. Information systems bridges business and computer science using

588-448: Is generally interdisciplinary concerned with the study of the effects of information systems on the behaviour of individuals, groups, and organizations. Hevner et al. (2004) categorized research in IS into two scientific paradigms including behavioural science which is to develop and verify theories that explain or predict human or organizational behavior and design science which extends

630-403: Is important to the operation of contemporary businesses, it offers many employment opportunities. The information systems field includes the people in organizations who design and build information systems, the people who use those systems, and the people responsible for managing those systems. The demand for traditional IT staff such as programmers, business analysts, systems analysts, and designer

672-701: Is known as the information technology platform. Information technology workers could then use these components to create information systems that watch over safety measures, risk and the management of data. These actions are known as information technology services. Certain information systems support parts of organizations, others support entire organizations, and still others, support groups of organizations. Each department or functional area within an organization has its own collection of application programs or information systems. These functional area information systems (FAIS) are supporting pillars for more general IS namely, business intelligence systems and dashboards . As

714-424: Is placed on an information system having a definitive boundary, users, processors, storage, inputs, outputs and the aforementioned communication networks. In many organizations, the department or unit responsible for information systems and data processing is known as " information services ". Any specific information system aims to support operations, management and decision-making . An information system

756-518: Is significant. Many well-paid jobs exist in areas of Information technology. At the top of the list is the chief information officer (CIO). The CIO is the executive who is in charge of the IS function. In most organizations, the CIO works with the chief executive officer (CEO), the chief financial officer (CFO), and other senior executives. Therefore, he or she actively participates in the organization's strategic planning process. Information systems research

798-409: Is the information and communication technology (ICT) that an organization uses, and also the way in which people interact with this technology in support of business processes. Some authors make a clear distinction between information systems, computer systems , and business processes . Information systems typically include an ICT component but are not purely concerned with ICT, focusing instead on

840-505: Is the bridge between hardware and people. This means that the data we collect is only data until we involve people. At that point, data becomes information. The "classic" view of Information systems found in textbooks in the 1980s was a pyramid of systems that reflected the hierarchy of the organization, usually transaction processing systems at the bottom of the pyramid, followed by management information systems , decision support systems , and ending with executive information systems at

882-555: The Association for Information Systems (AIS), and its Senior Scholars Forum Subcommittee on Journals (202), proposed a list of 11 journals that the AIS deems as 'excellent'. According to the AIS, this list of journals recognizes topical, methodological, and geographical diversity. The review processes are stringent, editorial board members are widely-respected and recognized, and there is international readership and contribution. The list

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924-844: The Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS), European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), the Mediterranean Conference on Information Systems (MCIS), the International Conference on Information Resources Management (Conf-IRM) and the Wuhan International Conference on E-Business (WHICEB). AIS chapter conferences include Australasian Conference on Information Systems (ACIS), Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems (SCIS), Information Systems International Conference (ISICO), Conference of

966-496: The IT artifact and its context. Since the study of information systems is an applied field, industry practitioners expect information systems research to generate findings that are immediately applicable in practice. This is not always the case however, as information systems researchers often explore behavioral issues in much more depth than practitioners would expect them to do. This may render information systems research results difficult to understand, and has led to criticism. In

1008-547: The accreditation process the accrediting agency ruled that CalMU and PWU California were separate schools that operated under separate academic standards. The accreditation agencies stipulated that graduates of Pacific Western University - California would not be eligible to receive CalMU diplomas or transcripts and that the records of the two schools should be held separate. To comply with accreditation requirements, CalMU transferred copies of all PWU – California institutional and student records to Education Services , which serves as

1050-669: The assets of Pacific Western University , including its State of California approval status, in late 2005. As part of the asset sale, an institutions transition plan was implemented that called for PWU (California) to relocate to San Diego and teach out all active students over 18 months. In early 2007, the conditions of the asset transition were complete and the California State Approval was officially transferred to CalMU. At that time Pacific Western University (California) ceased operations. Later that year California Miramar University filed for accreditation. As part of

1092-449: The boundaries of human and organizational capabilities by creating new and innovative artifacts. Salvatore March and Gerald Smith proposed a framework for researching different aspects of information technology including outputs of the research (research outputs) and activities to carry out this research (research activities). They identified research outputs as follows: Also research activities including: Although Information Systems as

1134-581: The development, use, and application of information technology in the business. A series of methodologies and processes can be used to develop and use an information system. Many developers use a systems engineering approach such as the system development life cycle (SDLC), to systematically develop an information system in stages. The stages of the system development lifecycle are planning, system analysis, and requirements, system design, development, integration and testing, implementation and operations, and maintenance. Recent research aims at enabling and measuring

1176-468: The end-use of information technology . Information systems are also different from business processes. Information systems help to control the performance of business processes. Alter argues that viewing an information system as a special type of work system has its advantages. A work system is a system in which humans or machines perform processes and activities using resources to produce specific products or services for customers. An information system

1218-572: The focus, purpose, and orientation, but also the dignity, destiny and, responsibility of the field among other fields. Business informatics is a related discipline that is well-established in several countries, especially in Europe. While Information systems has been said to have an "explanation-oriented" focus, business informatics has a more "solution-oriented" focus and includes information technology elements and construction and implementation-oriented elements. Information systems workers enter

1260-755: The human brain is not well suited, such as: handling large amounts of information, performing complex calculations, and controlling many simultaneous processes. Information technologies are a very important and malleable resource available to executives. Many companies have created a position of chief information officer (CIO) that sits on the executive board with the chief executive officer (CEO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), and chief technical officer (CTO). The CTO may also serve as CIO, and vice versa. The chief information security officer (CISO) focuses on information security management. The six components that must come together in order to produce an information system are: Data

1302-455: The information needs of businesses and other enterprises." There are various types of information systems, : including transaction processing systems , decision support systems , knowledge management systems , learning management systems , database management systems , and office information systems. Critical to most information systems are information technologies, which are typically designed to enable humans to perform tasks for which

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1344-508: The interaction between algorithmic processes and technology. This interaction can occur within or across organizational boundaries. An information system is a technology an organization uses and also the way in which the organizations interact with the technology and the way in which the technology works with the organization's business processes. Information systems are distinct from information technology (IT) in that an information system has an information technology component that interacts with

1386-469: The last ten years, the business trend is represented by the considerable increase of Information Systems Function (ISF) role, especially with regard to the enterprise strategies and operations supporting. It became a key factor to increase productivity and to support value creation . To study an information system itself, rather than its effects, information systems models are used, such as EATPUT . The international body of Information Systems researchers,

1428-814: The name suggests, each FAIS supports a particular function within the organization, e.g.: accounting IS, finance IS, production-operation management (POM) IS, marketing IS, and human resources IS. In finance and accounting, managers use IT systems to forecast revenues and business activity, to determine the best sources and uses of funds, and to perform audits to ensure that the organization is fundamentally sound and that all financial reports and documents are accurate. Other types of organizational information systems are FAIS, transaction processing systems , enterprise resource planning , office automation system, management information system , decision support system , expert system , executive dashboard, supply chain management system , and electronic commerce system. Dashboards are

1470-517: The nature and foundations of information systems which have its roots in other reference disciplines such as computer science , engineering , mathematics , management science , cybernetics , and others. Information systems also can be defined as a collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce quality information. Similar to computer science, other disciplines can be seen as both related and foundation disciplines of IS. The domain of study of IS involves

1512-655: The official custodian of records for all PWU students. California Miramar University has two schools, the School of Business and the School of Technology. The School of Business offers degrees from the undergraduate level to the doctorate level in business administration . The School of Technology offers a Master of Science in Computer Information Systems and a Master of Science in Artificial Intelligence . The university

1554-456: The ongoing, collective development of such systems within an organization by the entirety of human actors themselves. An information system can be developed in house (within the organization) or outsourced. This can be accomplished by outsourcing certain components or the entire system. A specific case is the geographical distribution of the development team ( offshoring , global information system ). A computer-based information system, following

1596-445: The processes' components. One problem with that approach is that it prevents the IS field from being interested in non-organizational use of ICT, such as in social networking, computer gaming, mobile personal usage, etc. A different way of differentiating the IS field from its neighbours is to ask, "Which aspects of reality are most meaningful in the IS field and other fields?" This approach, based on philosophy, helps to define not just

1638-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PWU . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PWU&oldid=1140067030 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1680-416: The study of theories and practices related to the social and technological phenomena, which determine the development, use, and effects of information systems in organizations and society. But, while there may be considerable overlap of the disciplines at the boundaries, the disciplines are still differentiated by the focus, purpose, and orientation of their activities. In a broad scope, information systems

1722-510: The theoretical foundations of information and computation to study various business models and related algorithmic processes on building the IT systems within a computer science discipline. Computer information systems (CIS) is a field studying computers and algorithmic processes, including their principles, their software and hardware designs, their applications, and their impact on society, whereas IS emphasizes functionality over design. Several IS scholars have debated

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1764-574: The top. Although the pyramid model remains useful since it was first formulated, a number of new technologies have been developed and new categories of information systems have emerged, some of which no longer fit easily into the original pyramid model. Some examples of such systems are: A computer(-based) information system is essentially an IS using computer technology to carry out some or all of its planned tasks. The basic components of computer-based information systems are: The first four components (hardware, software, database, and network) make up what

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