Misplaced Pages

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99-502: Pogo is an Indian cable and satellite television channel owned and operated by Warner Bros. Discovery India under its International division, as part of Cartoon Network India as the network's sister channel. It was launched on 1 January 2004. Broadcasting primarily animated and live action programming. In India Pogo is available as a 24-hour kids' channel. A time shift version broadcast in Nepal , Bhutan , and Sri Lanka . Pogo

198-524: A cable network ) is a television network available via cable television. Many of the same channels are distributed through satellite television . Alternative terms include non-broadcast channel or programming service , the latter being mainly used in legal contexts. The abbreviation CATV is used in the US for cable television and originally stood for community antenna television , from cable television's origins in 1948; in areas where over-the-air TV reception

297-697: A 50-50 joint venture between Turner Broadcasting System and Apollo Investment Fund for $ 320 million. Turner purchased these assets to launch a then-new all-animation network aimed at children and younger audiences. Scott Sassa hired Fred Seibert to head Hanna-Barbera, who filled the gap left by Great American's crew with new animators, directors, producers and writers, including Craig McCracken , Donovan Cook , Genndy Tartakovsky , David Feiss , Seth MacFarlane , Van Partible and Butch Hartman . After being newly named as H-B Production Co. , Capitol Critters and Fish Police debuted in 1992. Cartoon Network launched on October 1 of that year, and became

396-555: A Forest ). With the majority of American television animation during the second half of the 20th century made by Hanna-Barbera and more cartoons like CB Bears , Buford and the Galloping Ghost , The All New Popeye Hour and Godzilla , major competition was coming from Filmation and DePatie–Freleng . Then-ABC president Fred Silverman gave its Saturday-morning time to them after dropping Filmation for its failure of Uncle Croc's Block . New live-action material

495-546: A call from Warner Bros. to resurrect its animation department. Ruegger, along with several of his colleagues, left Hanna-Barbera at that time to develop Tiny Toon Adventures at Warner Bros. David Kirschner , known for An American Tail and Child's Play , was later appointed as the studio's new CEO. Later that year, the company had a licensing agreement with MicroIllusions, a video game publisher, to produce video games based on its properties, namely Jonny Quest , The Jetsons and others. In 1990, while Kirschner and

594-470: A comic relief pet of some sort. Starting in 1971, many new spin-offs , such as The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show , featuring Fred and Barney's now teenaged children along with The Flintstone Comedy Hour , The Tom and Jerry Show , The New Fred and Barney Show and "all-star" shows Yogi's Gang , Laff-A-Lympics , Yogi's Space Race and Galaxy Goof-Ups came to the airwaves. Hanna-Barbera teamed up with Avco Broadcasting Corporation in 1971,

693-713: A company that was once a rival to its owner Taft at that time, who maintains rivalry in the Columbus and Cincinnati markets, to produce two holiday specials for the syndicated market by way of its syndicated division. In 1972, H-B opened an animation studio in Australia, with the Hamlyn Group acquiring a 50% stake in 1974. Hamlyn was acquired by James Hardie Industries . Hanna-Barbera Australia bought itself out from Hardie and Taft in 1988, changing its name to Southern Star Group, since becoming Endemol Shine Australia ,

792-596: A concept for a new animated TV program about a cat and a dog. After failing to convince the studio to back their venture, George Sidney , who had worked with Hanna and Barbera on several of his movies for MGM, offered to serve as their business partner and convinced Screen Gems to make a deal with the producers. A coin toss gave Hanna precedence in naming the new studio. Harry Cohn , president and head of Columbia Pictures, took an 18% ownership in H-B Enterprises , and provided working capital. Screen Gems became

891-405: A dedicated analog circuit-switched service. Other advantages include better voice quality and integration to a Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) network providing cheap or unlimited nationwide and international calling. In many cases, digital cable telephone service is separate from cable modem service being offered by many cable companies and does not rely on Internet Protocol (IP) traffic or

990-559: A division of Banijay . Super Friends , an action-adventure show adapted from DC Comics ' Justice League of America and the first of many iterations of the Super Friends series, premiered on ABC on September 8, 1973. It returned to production in 1976, remaining on ABC through 1985 with The All-New Super Friends Hour , Challenge of the Superfriends and The World's Greatest Super Friends . While Help!... It's

1089-419: A dog solving supernatural mysteries, and became one of Hanna-Barbera's most successful creations, spawning several new spin-offs, such as The New Scooby-Doo Movies , Scooby-Doo and Scrappy-Doo and many others, which were regularly in production at Hanna-Barbera into the 1990s. Referred to as "The General Motors of animation", Hanna-Barbera produced nearly two-thirds of all Saturday-morning cartoons in

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1188-486: A formula for an original series was deemed successful, the studio reused it in subsequent series. Besides copying their own works, Hanna-Barbera drew inspiration from the works of other people and studios. Lehman considers that the studio served as the main example of how animation studios that focused on TV animation differed from those that focused on theatrical animation. Theatrical animation studios tried to maintain full and fluid animation and consequently struggled with

1287-543: A high elevation. At the outset, cable systems only served smaller communities without television stations of their own, and which could not easily receive signals from stations in cities because of distance or hilly terrain. In Canada, however, communities with their own signals were fertile cable markets, as viewers wanted to receive American signals. Rarely, as in the college town of Alfred, New York , U.S. cable systems retransmitted Canadian channels. Although early ( VHF ) television receivers could receive 12 channels (2–13),

1386-466: A higher rate. At the local headend, the feed signals from the individual television channels are received by dish antennas from communication satellites . Additional local channels, such as local broadcast television stations, educational channels from local colleges, and community access channels devoted to local governments ( PEG channels) are usually included on the cable service. Commercial advertisements for local business are also inserted in

1485-405: A local VHF television station broadcast. Local broadcast channels were not usable for signals deemed to be a priority, but technology allowed low-priority signals to be placed on such channels by synchronizing their blanking intervals . TVs were unable to reconcile these blanking intervals and the slight changes due to travel through a medium, causing ghosting . The bandwidth of the amplifiers also

1584-463: A microwave-based system, may be used instead. Coaxial cables are capable of bi-directional carriage of signals as well as the transmission of large amounts of data . Cable television signals use only a portion of the bandwidth available over coaxial lines. This leaves plenty of space available for other digital services such as cable internet , cable telephony and wireless services, using both unlicensed and licensed spectra. Broadband internet access

1683-625: A mini-series New Big Picture featuring Chhota Bheem. In April 2023, the channel celebrated 15th anniversary of Chhota Bheem with back-to-back episodes and movies. On 15 August 2023, the channel celebrated 6th birthday of Little Singham and premiered Baby Little Singham on the same day. On 21 October 2023, the channel along with its sister channel Cartoon Network premiered first ever localized version of Tom and Jerry animated by two animation Studios based in India and Singapore . Cable television A cable channel (sometimes known as

1782-407: A partnership with Columbia Pictures. Character designs were simplified, and backgrounds and animation cycles (walks, runs, etc.) were regularly re-purposed. Characters were often broken up into a handful of levels so that only the parts of the body that needed to be moved at a given time (i.e. a mouth, an arm, a head) were animated. The rest of the figure remained on a held animation cel. This allowed

1881-564: A rarity, found in an ever-dwindling number of markets. Analog television sets are accommodated, their tuners mostly obsolete and dependent entirely on the set-top box. Cable television is mostly available in North America , Europe , Australia , Asia and South America . Cable television has had little success in Africa , as it is not cost-effective to lay cables in sparsely populated areas. Multichannel multipoint distribution service ,

1980-618: A ratings and merchandising success and the top-ranking animated program in syndication history. It initially received mixed reviews from critics, but its reputation eventually improved and it is now considered a classic. The Yogi Bear Show , Top Cat , The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series (consisting of Wally Gator , Touché Turtle and Dum Dum and Lippy the Lion and Hardy Har Har ) and The Jetsons soon followed in 1961 and 1962. Several animated television commercials were produced as well, often starring their own characters (including

2079-455: A receiver box. The cable company will provide set-top boxes based on the level of service a customer purchases, from basic set-top boxes with a standard-definition picture connected through the standard coaxial connection on the TV, to high-definition wireless digital video recorder (DVR) receivers connected via HDMI or component . Older analog television sets are cable ready and can receive

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2178-408: A sculpted latticework exterior, moat, fountains, and a Jetsons -like tower. The Magilla Gorilla Show , Jonny Quest , The Peter Potamus Show , Atom Ant and Secret Squirrel followed in 1964 and 1965. The partnership with Screen Gems would last until 1965 when Hanna and Barbera announced the sale of their studio to Taft Broadcasting . Taft's acquisition of Hanna-Barbera was delayed for

2277-766: A series of signal amplifiers and line extenders. These devices carry the signal to customers via passive RF devices called taps. The very first cable networks were operated locally, notably in 1936 by Rediffusion in London in the United Kingdom and the same year in Berlin in Germany, notably for the Olympic Games , and from 1948 onwards in the United States and Switzerland. This type of local cable network

2376-516: A significant ratings success, the top-rated program in eight years and the highest for an NBC show since 1970. The Gary Coleman Show , Shirt Tales , Pac-Man , The Little Rascals , The Dukes , Monchhichis , The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show and The Biskitts followed in 1982 and 1983. Following a 1982 strike , more cartoons were outsourced to Cuckoo's Nest Studios , Mr. Big Cartoons , Toei Animation and Fil-Cartoons in Australia and Asia, which provided production services to

2475-799: A single year. Josie and the Pussycats , The Funky Phantom , The Amazing Chan and the Chan Clan , Speed Buggy , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kids , Goober and the Ghost Chasers , Inch High, Private Eye , Clue Club , Jabberjaw , Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels and The New Shmoo built upon the mystery-solving template set by Scooby-Doo , with further shows built around teenagers solving mysteries with

2574-417: A special telephone interface at the customer's premises that converts the analog signals from the customer's in-home wiring into a digital signal, which is then sent on the local loop (replacing the analog last mile , or plain old telephone service (POTS) to the company's switching center, where it is connected to the public switched telephone network ( PSTN ). The biggest obstacle to cable telephone service

2673-516: A story published by The Saturday Evening Post in 1961, critics stated that Hanna-Barbera was taking on more work than it could handle and was resorting to shortcuts only a television audience would tolerate. An executive who worked for Walt Disney Productions said, "We don't even consider [them] competition". Animation historian Christopher P. Lehman argues that Hanna-Barbera attempted to maximize their bottom line by recycling story formulas and characterization instead of introducing new ones. Once

2772-464: A typical seven-minute short to be done with only nearly 2,000 drawings instead of the usual 14,000. Dialogue, music, and sound effects were emphasized over action, leading Chuck Jones —a contemporary who worked for Warner Bros. Cartoons and whose short The Dover Boys practically invented many of the concepts in limited animation—to disparagingly refer to the limited television cartoons produced by Hanna-Barbera and others as "illustrated radio". In

2871-723: A year by a lawsuit from Cohn's family, wife Joan Perry and sons John and Harrison Cohn, who felt the studio undervalued the Cohns' 18% share in when it was sold a few years previously. In 1966, Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles and Space Ghost debuted, and by December of that year the litigation had been settled, Taft finally acquired Hanna-Barbera for $ 12 million and folded the studio into its corporate structure in 1967 and 1968, becoming its distributor. Hanna and Barbera stayed on while Screen Gems retained licensing and distribution rights to their previous produced cartoons and trademarks to

2970-422: Is achieved over coaxial cable by using cable modems to convert the network data into a type of digital signal that can be transferred over coaxial cable. One problem with some cable systems is the older amplifiers placed along the cable routes are unidirectional thus in order to allow for uploading of data the customer would need to use an analog telephone modem to provide for the upstream connection. This limited

3069-669: Is available as a Block in Bangladesh and Pakistan on Cartoon Network . In Thailand Pogo is available as a block on Family Channel 13. Pogo was officially launched on 1 January 2004 by Turner International India. After its launch, the channel primarily broadcast programming from Cartoon Network and Boomerang such as Tweenies , Beakman's World , Looney Tunes , and Scooby-Doo . The channel aired Wallace & Gromit , Mr. Bean: The Animated Series , Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman , and Walking with Dinosaurs . during its starting days. In 2004

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3168-489: Is loosely based on The Honeymooners and is set in a fictionalized Stone Age of cavemen and dinosaurs. Jackie Gleason considered suing Hanna-Barbera for copyright infringement , but decided not to because he did not want to be known as "the man who yanked Fred Flintstone off the air". For six seasons, it became the longest-running animated show in American prime time at the time (until The Simpsons beat it in 1997),

3267-482: Is the need for nearly 100% reliable service for emergency calls. One of the standards available for digital cable telephony, PacketCable , seems to be the most promising and able to work with the quality of service (QOS) demands of traditional analog plain old telephone service (POTS) service. The biggest advantage to digital cable telephone service is similar to the advantage of digital cable, namely that data can be compressed, resulting in much less bandwidth used than

3366-501: The American Financial Corporation acquired Taft in 1987 and renamed it Great American Broadcasting. A Pup Named Scooby-Doo , The Completely Mental Misadventures of Ed Grimley , new episodes of Yogi Bear , Fantastic Max , The Further Adventures of SuperTed and Paddington Bear followed in 1988 and 1989. Hanna-Barbera Poland, a Polish branch of the American studio, opened up and dealt with

3465-492: The DVB-C , DVB-C2 stream to IP for distribution of TV over IP network in the home. Many cable companies offer internet access through DOCSIS . In the most common system, multiple television channels (as many as 500, although this varies depending on the provider's available channel capacity) are distributed to subscriber residences through a coaxial cable , which comes from a trunkline supported on utility poles originating at

3564-650: The Pebbles cereal commercials for Post ) and the opening credits for Bewitched , in which animated caricatures of Samantha and Darrin appeared. These characterizations were reused in The Flintstones' sixth season episode "Samantha". In 1963, Hanna-Barbera's operations moved to 3400 Cahuenga Boulevard West in Hollywood Hills / Studio City . This contemporary office building was designed by architect Arthur Froehlich . Its ultra-modern design included

3663-616: The high band 7–13 of North American television frequencies . Some operators as in Cornwall, Ontario , used a dual distribution network with Channels 2–13 on each of the two cables. During the 1980s, United States regulations not unlike public, educational, and government access (PEG) created the beginning of cable-originated live television programming. As cable penetration increased, numerous cable-only TV stations were launched, many with their own news bureaus that could provide more immediate and more localized content than that provided by

3762-404: The 1980s, however, the studio's fortunes were in decline, as the profitability of Saturday-morning cartoons was eclipsed by weekday afternoon syndication . Taft Broadcasting acquired Hanna-Barbera in 1966 and retained ownership until 1991. It was in this year when Turner Broadcasting System acquired the studio, using the back catalog to establish Cartoon Network the following year. By

3861-527: The Hair Bear Bunch! , Sealab 2020 , Wait Till Your Father Gets Home and Hong Kong Phooey aired, Charlotte's Web , an adaptation of the novel of the same name , was released on March 1, 1973 by Paramount Pictures , to moderate critical and commercial success, and was the first of only four Hanna-Barbera films not to be based upon one of their famous television cartoons (the other three being C.H.O.M.P.S. , Heidi's Song and Once Upon

3960-517: The Hanna-Barbera properties since then. Cartoon Network Studios Europe was rebranded as Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe paying tribute to the studio in April 2021. The small budgets that television animation producers had to work within prevented Hanna-Barbera from working with the full theatrical-quality animation that Hanna and Barbera had been known for at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. While

4059-549: The Hanna-Barbera studio faced demolition after many of its staff vacated the facilities in 1997, despite the efforts of preserving it. In 1998, following The Powerpuff Girls , Hanna-Barbera moved from Cahuenga Blvd. to Sherman Oaks Galleria in Sherman Oaks, California in 1998, where Warner Bros. Animation was located. I Am Weasel would be its final show in 1999. After the studio's absorption into Warner Bros. Animation, Hanna died of throat cancer on March 22, 2001, at

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4158-851: The Happy Days Gang , Richie Rich , The Flintstone Comedy Show , Space Stars , The Kwicky Koala Show , Trollkins and Laverne and Shirley in the Army debuted in 1980 and 1981, while Taft purchased Ruby-Spears from Filmways (which was eventually absorbed into Orion Pictures the following year), making it a sister studio to Hanna-Barbera and as a result, several early-1980s series were shared between both studios. While Filmation, Sunbow Productions , Marvel Productions , Rankin/Bass , DIC , Saban Entertainment and other Hollywood animation factories introduced successful animated series syndicated , including some based on licensed properties, Hanna-Barbera fell behind, as it no longer dominated

4257-664: The Internet. Traditional cable television providers and traditional telecommunication companies increasingly compete in providing voice, video and data services to residences. The combination of television, telephone and Internet access is commonly called triple play , regardless of whether CATV or telcos offer it. More than 400,000 television service subscribers. Hanna-Barbera Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ( / b ɑːr ˈ b ɛər ə / bar- BAIR -ə ) (founded and formerly known as  H-B Enterprises , Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. and H-B Production Co. )

4356-473: The Lemmings started to air on the channel on 2 January, Oddbods on 9 January and Andy Pirki on 3 December. In 2018, Pogo started more focus on Chhota Bheem , Mighty Raju , Tik Tak Tail , etc. and hence stopped some of the international shows. Pogo broadcast mostly Indian series and some international shows. From 2019 to 2020, the channel shifted its focus to Indian animation . Pogo TV became

4455-601: The Lemmings , Mr. Bean: The Animated Series and Yo-kai Watch . On 22 August 2022, Ekans – Snakes Awake , an original animated series of Cartoon Network (India) was shifted on Pogo TV. On 4 September 2022 the channel premiered its special episode titled Ekans: Origin Story . The channel also launched an original movie of that series titled Ekans: The Mystery Of Three Gems on 9 October 2022, at 12:30 PM IST. The theatrical film of that series titled Ekans – Hero Ek Villain Anek

4554-498: The National Catholic Office for Radio and Television to produce 26 half-hour animated films in 1970, which never materialized. Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! debuted on CBS on September 13, 1969; created by Ruby and Spears, it is a mystery-based program which blended comedy, action, and elements from I Love a Mystery and The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis . For two seasons, it centered on four teenagers and

4653-616: The No. 1 kids channel in India. Chhota Bheem proven to be huge success for Pogo. The channel started airing more local shows including Chhota Bheem . In February 2013, the Government of Bangladesh banned the broadcast of Pogo in the country, as it was accused of broadcasting there without authorization. On 6 June 2013, the channel premiered " Krish Trish and Baltiboy ". In 2014, the channel celebrated its 10th anniversary. In January 2014,

4752-482: The TV animation market as it did years earlier and lost control over children's programming, going down from 80% to 20%. The Smurfs , adapted from the Belgian comic by Peyo and centering on a group of tiny blue creatures led by Papa Smurf , debuted on NBC on September 12, 1981 and aired for nine seasons until December 2, 1989, becoming so the longest-running Saturday-morning cartoon series in broadcast history,

4851-485: The United States have switched to or are in the course of switching to digital cable television since it was first introduced in the late 1990s. Most cable companies require a set-top box ( cable converter box ) or a slot on one's TV set for conditional access module cards to view their cable channels, even on newer televisions with digital cable QAM tuners, because most digital cable channels are now encrypted, or scrambled , to reduce cable service theft . A cable from

4950-605: The age of 90 years old. While Cartoon Network Studios took over production of programming, the Los Angeles City Council approved a plan to preserve the Cahuenga Blvd. headquarters in May 2004, while allowing retail and residential development on the site. Barbera died of natural causes on December 18, 2006, at the age of 95 years old. Warner Bros. Animation continues to produce new productions based on

5049-404: The basic selection. By subscribing to additional tiers, customers could get specialty channels, movie channels, and foreign channels. Large cable companies used addressable descramblers to limit access to premium channels for customers not subscribing to higher tiers, however the above magazines often published workarounds for that technology as well. During the 1990s, the pressure to accommodate

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5148-417: The box-office during its initial theatrical run, with many of them moving to Hanna-Barbera shortly afterwards. In August 1960, it moved into a window-less, cinder block building at 3501 Cahuenga Boulevard West. Though too small to house the staff, some of its employees worked at home. The Flintstones premiered on ABC on September 30 1960, becoming so the first animated series airing in prime time. It

5247-496: The budget for MGM's seven-minute Tom and Jerry shorts was about $ 35,000, the Hanna-Barbera studios were required to produce five-minute Ruff and Reddy episodes for no more than $ 3,000 apiece. To keep within these tighter budgets, Hanna-Barbera furthered the concept of limited animation (also called "planned animation") practiced and popularized by the United Productions of America (UPA) studio, which also once had

5346-563: The cable box itself, these midband channels were used for early incarnations of pay TV , e.g. The Z Channel (Los Angeles) and HBO but transmitted in the clear i.e. not scrambled as standard TV sets of the period could not pick up the signal nor could the average consumer de-tune the normal stations to be able to receive it. Once tuners that could receive select mid-band and super-band channels began to be incorporated into standard television sets, broadcasters were forced to either install scrambling circuitry or move these signals further out of

5445-429: The cable company's local distribution facility, called the headend . Many channels can be transmitted through one coaxial cable by a technique called frequency division multiplexing . At the headend, each television channel is translated to a different frequency . By giving each channel a different frequency slot on the cable, the separate television signals do not interfere with each other. At an outdoor cable box on

5544-515: The cable to send data from the customer box to the cable headend, for advanced features such as requesting pay-per-view shows or movies, cable internet access , and cable telephone service . The downstream channels occupy a band of frequencies from approximately 50 MHz to 1 GHz, while the upstream channels occupy frequencies of 5 to 42 MHz. Subscribers pay with a monthly fee. Subscribers can choose from several levels of service, with premium packages including more channels but costing

5643-675: The case of no local CBS or ABC station being available – rebroadcast the programming from a nearby affiliate but fill in with its own news and other community programming to suit its own locale. Many live local programs with local interests were subsequently created all over the United States in most major television markets in the early 1980s. This evolved into today's many cable-only broadcasts of diverse programming, including cable-only produced television movies and miniseries . Cable specialty channels , starting with channels oriented to show movies and large sporting or performance events, diversified further, and narrowcasting became common. By

5742-451: The channel at that time. On 2 January 2005, the channel launched an exciting, initiative POGO Funtakshari . On 6 June 2005, the channel premiered Shaktimaan . The channel became 2nd most viewed channel in ratings after its sister channel Cartoon Network which was on 1st. The channel launched Tiny TV block featuring preschool shows. In 2010, Pogo began focusing more on live action programming than animated series. In June 2010,

5841-443: The channel launched Takeshi's Castle and premiered Harry Potter movies . On 1 March 2005, Pogo relaunched Takeshi's Castle with commentary in which Bollywood personality and anchor, Jaaved Jaaferi gives commentary. In January 2005 the channel celebrated its 2nd anniversary by featuring a special programming franchise ‘ Ek Se Bhale Do ’ that included double episodes of the most loved shows and blockbuster movies shown on

5940-569: The channel premiered Kumbh Karan . And relaunched its preschool featuring block Tiny TV In 2011, Pogo began to compete with its sister channel Cartoon Network in ratings which was leading in viewership at that time. The channel began airing shows such as Batman , The Powerpuff Girls , and more. Pogo acquired the rights of Chhota Bheem and subsequently began airing the show, which became hugely successful in India. In 2012, Pogo became leading kids channel in India by surpassing its sister channel Cartoon Network in ratings and enjoyed to be

6039-558: The channel premiered Obbochama-Kun and premiered Chhota Bheem - Neeli Pahaadi Movie on 26 January. In 2015, the channel was launched in Thailand as a block on Family Channel 13 . On 19 December 2015, the channel premiered Wabbit . In January 2016, Pogo premiered Yokai Watch on 11 January and Tashi on 23 January. In 2017, Pogo rebranded with a new logo and look and the channel began classic shows from Hanna-Barbera , such as Tom and Jerry and Scooby-Doo . Grizzy &

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6138-552: The characters into the 1970s and 1980s. Shazzan , The Banana Splits , Wacky Races and its spin-offs ( Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines and The Perils of Penelope Pitstop ) and Cattanooga Cats followed from 1967 to 1969. The studio's record and music label, Hanna-Barbera Records, was headed by Danny Hutton and distributed by Columbia . Children's records featuring its characters were released by Colpix . Hanna-Barbera teamed up with

6237-508: The chosen channel into the TV set on Channel 2, 3 or 4. Initially, UHF broadcast stations were at a disadvantage because the standard TV sets in use at the time were unable to receive their channels. With the passage of the All-Channel Receiver Act in 1964, all new television sets were required to include a UHF tuner, nonetheless, it would still take a few years for UHF stations to become competitive. Before being added to

6336-528: The early 1930s, they solidified a six decade working partnership, leading to their very first collaborative success, Tom and Jerry , centering on the madcap comical adventures of a cat and a mouse. Hanna supervised the animation, while Barbera did the stories and pre-production. Seven of the 114 cartoons won seven Oscars for "Best Short Subject (Cartoons)" between 1943 and 1953, and five additional shorts were nominated for twelve awards during this period. However, they were awarded to producer Fred Quimby , who

6435-415: The fact that the descrambling circuitry was for a time present in these tuners, depriving the cable operator of much of their revenue, such cable-ready tuners are rarely used now – requiring a return to the set-top boxes used from the 1970s onward. The digital television transition in the United States has put all signals, broadcast and cable, into digital form, rendering analog cable television service

6534-705: The first 24-hour all-animation channel, to air its library of cartoon classics, of which Hanna-Barbera was the core contributor. In 1993, the studio again renamed itself to Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. (though the Hanna-Barbera Productions name was still used in regards to the pre-1992 properties) and, while Turner acquired its remaining interests from Apollo Investment Fund for $ 255 million, 2 Stupid Dogs , Droopy, Master Detective , The New Adventures of Captain Planet and SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron emerged that year. Turner refocused

6633-486: The former MGM animation staff—including animators Carlo Vinci , Kenneth Muse , Lewis Marshall, Michael Lah and Ed Barge and layout artists Ed Benedict and Richard Bickenbach —became the new production staff while Hoyt Curtin was in charge of providing the music. The Ruff and Reddy Show , the company's first television series, premiered on NBC on December 14, 1957, then The Huckleberry Hound Show debuted one year later, in 1958, airing in most markets, and

6732-457: The growing array of offerings resulted in digital transmission that made more efficient use of the VHF signal capacity; fibre optics was common to carry signals into areas near the home, where coax could carry higher frequencies over the short remaining distance. Although for a time in the 1980s and 1990s, television receivers and VCRs were equipped to receive the mid-band and super-band channels. Due to

6831-450: The headend, the electrical signal is translated into an optical signal and sent through the fiber. The fiber trunkline goes to several distribution hubs , from which multiple fibers fan out to carry the signal to boxes called optical nodes in local communities. At the optical node, the optical signal is translated back into an electrical signal and carried by coaxial cable distribution lines on utility poles, from which cables branch out to

6930-460: The jack in the wall is attached to the input of the box, and an output cable from the box is attached to the television, usually the RF-IN or composite input on older TVs. Since the set-top box only decodes the single channel that is being watched, each television in the house requires a separate box. Some unencrypted channels, usually traditional over-the-air broadcast networks, can be displayed without

7029-590: The last seven shorts of Tex Avery 's Droopy series and produced and directed the short-lived Spike and Tyke , which ran for two entries. In addition to their work on the cartoons, the two men moonlighted on outside projects, including title sequences and commercials for I Love Lucy . MGM decided in mid-1957 to close its cartoon studio, as it felt it had acquired a reasonable backlog of shorts for re-release. While contemplating their future, Hanna and Barbera began producing additional animated television commercials. During their last year at MGM, they had developed

7128-490: The late 1980s, cable-only signals outnumbered broadcast signals on cable systems, some of which by this time had expanded beyond 35 channels. By the mid-1980s in Canada, cable operators were allowed by the regulators to enter into distribution contracts with cable networks on their own. By the 1990s, tiers became common, with customers able to subscribe to different tiers to obtain different selections of additional channels above

7227-425: The local utility poles or underground utility lines. Coaxial cable brings the signal to the customer's building through a service drop , an overhead or underground cable. If the subscriber's building does not have a cable service drop, the cable company will install one. The standard cable used in the U.S. is RG-6 , which has a 75 ohm impedance , and connects with a type F connector . The cable company's portion of

7326-423: The maximum number of channels that could be broadcast in one city was 7: channels 2, 4, either 5 or 6, 7, 9, 11 and 13, as receivers at the time were unable to receive strong (local) signals on adjacent channels without distortion. (There were frequency gaps between 4 and 5, and between 6 and 7, which allowed both to be used in the same city). As equipment improved, all twelve channels could be utilized, except where

7425-451: The nearest network newscast. Such stations may use similar on-air branding as that used by the nearby broadcast network affiliate, but the fact that these stations do not broadcast over the air and are not regulated by the FCC, their call signs are meaningless. These stations evolved partially into today's over-the-air digital subchannels, where a main broadcast TV station e.g. NBC 37* would – in

7524-520: The new distributor and its licensing agent, handling merchandizing of the characters from the animated programs as the cartoon firm officially opened for business in rented offices on the lot of Kling Studios (formerly Charlie Chaplin Studios ) on July 7, 1957, one year after the MGM animation studio closed. Sidney and several Screen Gems alumni became members of the studio's board of directors and much of

7623-408: The old analog cable without a set-top box. To receive digital cable channels on an analog television set, even unencrypted ones, requires a different type of box, a digital television adapter supplied by the cable company or purchased by the subscriber. Another new distribution method that takes advantage of the low cost high quality DVB distribution to residential areas, uses TV gateways to convert

7722-504: The programming at the headend (the individual channels, which are distributed nationally, also have their own nationally oriented commercials). Modern cable systems are large, with a single network and headend often serving an entire metropolitan area . Most systems use hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) distribution; this means the trunklines that carry the signal from the headend to local neighborhoods are optical fiber to provide greater bandwidth and also extra capacity for future expansion. At

7821-454: The programming without cost. Later, the cable operators began to carry FM radio stations, and encouraged subscribers to connect their FM stereo sets to cable. Before stereo and bilingual TV sound became common, Pay-TV channel sound was added to the FM stereo cable line-ups. About this time, operators expanded beyond the 12-channel dial to use the midband and superband VHF channels adjacent to

7920-690: The promotion and distribution of animated H-B content and is most well known for releasing VHS tapes with Polish music distributor P.P. Polskie Nagrania, which mostly consisted of numbered compilation releases of Hanna-Barbera shows on one tape. This would last until 1993, when the company separated and reincorporated itself as Curtis Art Productions. Great American sold Worldvision to Aaron Spelling Productions , while Hanna-Barbera and its library remained with them. Hanna-Barbera split off from Worldvision Home Video in early 1989 to start out its own home video division, Hanna-Barbera Home Video. In January 1989, while working on A Pup Named Scooby-Doo , Tom Ruegger got

8019-476: The range of reception for early cable-ready TVs and VCRs. However, once consumer sets had the ability to receive all 181 FCC allocated channels, premium broadcasters were left with no choice but to scramble. The descrambling circuitry was often published in electronics hobby magazines such as Popular Science and Popular Electronics allowing anybody with anything more than a rudimentary knowledge of broadcast electronics to be able to build their own and receive

8118-418: The signals are typically encrypted on modern digital cable systems, and the set-top box must be activated by an activation code sent by the cable company before it will function, which is only sent after the subscriber signs up. If the subscriber fails to pay their bill, the cable company can send a signal to deactivate the subscriber's box, preventing reception. There are also usually upstream channels on

8217-865: The studio formed Bedrock Productions and Great American putting Hanna-Barbera and Ruby-Spears up for sale, Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone , Rick Moranis in Gravedale High , Tom & Jerry Kids , Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures , The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda and Wake, Rattle, and Roll debuted that year. The Pirates of Dark Water , Yo Yogi! and Young Robin Hood would follow in 1991. Turner Broadcasting System outbid MCA (then-parent company of Universal Pictures ), Hallmark Cards and other major companies in acquiring Hanna-Barbera while also purchasing Ruby-Spears as well. The two studios were acquired in

8316-796: The studio from 1982 to the end of its existence. Challenge of the GoBots , Pink Panther and Sons , Super Friends: The Legendary Super Powers Show , Snorks , The Greatest Adventure: Stories from the Bible , Galtar and the Golden Lance , Yogi's Treasure Hunt , The Super Powers Team: Galactic Guardians , The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo and Paw Paws debuted in 1984 and 1985. Pound Puppies , The Flintstone Kids , Foofur , Wildfire , new episodes of Jonny Quest , Sky Commanders and Popeye and Son arrived in 1986 and 1987. After its financial troubles affected Hanna-Barbera,

8415-621: The studio produced include The Huckleberry Hound Show , the Flintstones franchise, the Yogi Bear franchise, the Scooby-Doo franchise (until 2001), The Smurfs , and the opening credits of Bewitched . With these productions, Hanna-Barbera may have usurped Disney as the most successful animation studio in the world, with its characters becoming ubiquitous across different types of media and myriad consumer products. By

8514-440: The studio to produce new shows exclusively for its networks. In 1995, while Bruce Johnson would leave the company, Dumb and Dumber debuted, while Seibert launched What a Cartoon! for Cartoon Network. During 1996, Dexter's Laboratory , The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest and Cave Kids debuted, while Turner merged with Time Warner (now Warner Bros. Discovery ). While Johnny Bravo and Cow and Chicken aired,

8613-403: The subscriber's residence, the company's service drop cable is connected to cables distributing the signal to different rooms in the building. At each television, the subscriber's television or a set-top box provided by the cable company translates the desired channel back to its original frequency ( baseband ), and it is displayed onscreen. Due to widespread cable theft in earlier analog systems,

8712-543: The third most watched kids channel across all genres with TRP in December 2020. In 2020, Pogo stopped all international shows and aired only Indian Animations like Chhota Bheem , Dabangg , Roll No 21 , Lambuji Tinguji and Bandbudh Aur Budbak . Pogo aired an animated movie Shaktimaan New TV Special on 14 November 2021. A Telugu-language audio track was added again to Pogo on 30 November 2021. In 2022, Pogo resumed airing international shows such as Grizzy and

8811-502: The time Hanna died in 2001, Hanna-Barbera as a standalone company was folded into Warner Bros. Animation. The name continues to be used for copyright, marketing and branding purposes for former properties now produced by Warner Bros. William Denby "Bill" Hanna and Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera met at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) studio in 1938, while working at its animation unit . Having worked at other studios since

8910-532: The upstream speed to 31.2 Kbp/s and prevented the always-on convenience broadband internet typically provides. Many large cable systems have upgraded or are upgrading their equipment to allow for bi-directional signals, thus allowing for greater upload speed and always-on convenience, though these upgrades are expensive. In North America , Australia and Europe , many cable operators have already introduced cable telephone service, which operates just like existing fixed line operators. This service involves installing

9009-552: The wiring usually ends at a distribution box on the building exterior, and built-in cable wiring in the walls usually distributes the signal to jacks in different rooms to which televisions are connected. Multiple cables to different rooms are split off the incoming cable with a small device called a splitter . There are two standards for cable television; older analog cable, and newer digital cable which can carry data signals used by digital television receivers such as high-definition television (HDTV) equipment. All cable companies in

9108-548: Was also the first cartoon to win an Emmy . Several animation alumni joined – in particular former Warner Bros. Cartoons storymen Michael Maltese and Warren Foster as head writers, Joe Ruby and Ken Spears as film editors and Iwao Takamoto as character designer. After reincorporating as Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. , The Quick Draw McGraw Show and the theatrical cartoon short series Loopy De Loop followed in 1959. Walt Disney Productions laid off several of its animators after Sleeping Beauty (1959) bombed on

9207-675: Was an American production company , which was active from 1957 until its absorption into Warner Bros. Animation in 2001. Founded on July 7, 1957 by Tom and Jerry creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera along with George Sidney , it was headquartered in Los Angeles at the Kling Studios from 1957 to 1960, then on Cahuenga Boulevard from 1960 to 1998 and subsequently at the Sherman Oaks Galleria in Sherman Oaks from 1998 to 2001. Notable productions that

9306-512: Was launched on the channel on 16 October 2022. On 3 December 2022, Pogo launched Dennis the Menace and Gnasher . Following the Warner Bros. Discovery India merger in mid-July 2022 (which made competitor Discovery Kids a sister network to both Pogo and Cartoon Network), on 24 December 2022, Little Singham was moved from Discovery Kids to Pogo. On 1 March 2023, the channel launched

9405-444: Was limited by distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain, large community antennas were constructed, and cable was run from them to individual homes. In 1968, 6.4% of Americans had cable television. The number increased to 7.5% in 1978. By 1988, 52.8% of all households were using cable. The number further increased to 62.4% in 1994. To receive cable television at a given location, cable distribution lines must be available on

9504-427: Was limited, meaning frequencies over 250 MHz were difficult to transmit to distant portions of the coaxial network, and UHF channels could not be used at all. To expand beyond 12 channels, non-standard midband channels had to be used, located between the FM band and Channel 7, or superband beyond Channel 13 up to about 300 MHz; these channels initially were only accessible using separate tuner boxes that sent

9603-559: Was mainly used to relay terrestrial channels in geographical areas poorly served by terrestrial television signals. Cable television began in the United States as a commercial business in 1950s. The early systems simply received weak ( broadcast ) channels, amplified them, and sent them over unshielded wires to the subscribers, limited to a community or to adjacent communities. The receiving antenna would be taller than any individual subscriber could afford, thus bringing in stronger signals; in hilly or mountainous terrain it would be placed at

9702-637: Was not involved in the development of the shorts. Sequences for Anchors Aweigh , Dangerous When Wet and Invitation to the Dance and shorts Gallopin' Gals , The Goose Goes South , Officer Pooch , War Dogs and Good Will to Men were also made. With Quimby's retirement in May 1955, Hanna and Barbera became the producers in charge of the MGM animation studio's output. In addition to continuing to write and direct new Tom & Jerry shorts, now in CinemaScope , Hanna and Barbera supervised

9801-865: Was produced, as well as new live-action/animated combos since the mid-1960s. In 1975, former MGM executive Herbert F. Solow joined the company to start a live-action unit, Hanna-Barbera Television, to produce prime time programming, which later spun off and became Solow Production Company in 1976. Along with the animation industry in the U.S., it moved away from producing in-house in the late 1970s and early 1980s. While The Great Grape Ape Show and The Mumbly Cartoon Show aired, Ruby and Spears worked with Hanna-Barbera in 1976 and 1977 as ABC network executives to create and develop new cartoons before leaving in 1977 to start their company, Ruby-Spears Enterprises , with Filmways as its parent division. In 1979, Taft bought Worldvision Enterprises , which became Hanna-Barbera's new distributor. Super Friends , The Fonz and

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