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26-528: Pojoaque ( / p ə ˈ w ɑː k iː / ; Tewa : Pʼohsųwæ̨geh Ówîngeh/P'osuwaege Owingeh [p’òhsũ̀wæ̃̀gè ʔówîŋgè]), Po’su wae geh , which translates to “water gathering place”, is a unincorporated community in Santa Fe County, New Mexico , United States. It is part of the Santa Fe, New Mexico Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,907 at the 2010 census . For statistical purposes,

52-773: A subject and a predicate. There are also many ways to say what would be translated as the same thing in English in Tewa. For example, there are three ways to say the sentence "The man and the woman are entering": sen-ná-dí man- EMPH - ASSOC kwiyó woman da-cu:de-ʔeʔe 3 : DU : STAT -enter:come sen-ná-dí kwiyó da-cu:de-ʔeʔe man-EMPH-ASSOC woman 3:DU:STAT-enter:come sen-ná-dí man- EMPH - ASSOC kwiyo-wá-dí woman- EMPH - ASSOC da-cu:de-ʔeʔe 3 : DU : STAT -enter:come sen-ná-dí kwiyo-wá-dí da-cu:de-ʔeʔe Per capita income Per capita income ( PCI ) or average income measures

78-400: A word, sometimes be the addition of a word superfix. Within free roots, there are two additional types, isolated and non-isolated free roots. There is a very small number of isolated free roots, as these are roots that are neither combinable with other roots nor affixable. Non-isolated free roots are roots that are combinable with other roots and/or are affixable. A limited non-isolated free root

104-401: Is affixed with set marker /-n/, and class non-N, which does not have this affix. Class non-N is the larger of the two, containing almost all nouns in Tewa, which are, for the most part, mono- or di-syllabic. Class N nouns are mostly designations for age-sex differentiation, kinship terms, and forms which translate as pronouns. All known noun affixes are included in the chart below. /-n2/

130-597: Is defined as "severely endangered" in New Mexico by UNESCO. In the names "Pojoaque" and "Tesuque", the element spelled "que" (pronounced something like [ɡe] in Tewa, or /ki/ in English) is Tewa for "place". Tewa can be written with the Latin script ; this is occasionally used for such purposes as signs ( Be-pu-wa-ve ' Welcome ' , or sen-ge-de-ho ' Bye ' ). Because alphabet systems have been developed in

156-730: Is different from /-n/ because of the occurrence of /-n2/ with singular, dual, and plural situations involving the same root, which is never the case for /-n/. Class Z words are neither particles, verbs, or nouns. They are affixable with suffixes like /-á/, /-ân/, /-bo/, and /-ho'/, /-reʔ/, /-an/, /-we/, and /-ge/, but unlike nouns and verbs they do not occur with the specific affixes which delineate those classes (/wé:-/ or /pi-/ and /-ví/ respectively). These compromise words whose English equivalents involve time, location, manner, interrogation, etc. Tewa sentences follow subject-object-verb order, however there are simple sentences in Tewa such as " handiriho gi-c'u " (that's how we got in) which are simply

182-451: Is often difficult, since methodologies, definitions and data quality can vary greatly. Since the 1990s, the OECD has conducted regular surveys among its 38 member countries using a standardized methodology and set of questions. Per capita income is often used to measure a sector's average income and compare the wealth of different populations. Per capita income is also often used to measure

208-439: Is one which can combine only with affixes, but not with other roots. A universal non-isolated free root is one which can combine both with other roots and affixes. Bound roots are defined as those roots which cannot be converted directly into a word. Tewa has 15 types of verbs, and a few example verbs and their conjugations are shown below. Verbs can be divided into two classes, S and A, standing for stative and active, based of

234-559: The Endangered Languages Project estimates a total of 1,500 speakers worldwide, with 1,200 of them in the New Mexico pueblos and 300 in the Arizona village of Hano. Of these speakers, few are fluent with the vast majority being semi-speakers, and only in a few places, like Hano, are children acquiring Tewa. The largest New Mexico pueblo, San Juan, there are only 30 fluent speakers left as of 2008. As of 2012, Tewa

260-693: The CDP was $ 13,968. About 17.2% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 15.3% of those age 65 or over. Pojoaque Pueblo opened the Poeh Museum in 1987, and the Cities of Gold Casino in the mid-1990s. In 2008 the Pueblo opened the Buffalo Thunder resort and casino, New Mexico's largest and most expensive resort. The estimated cost for

286-463: The CDP. The population density was 437.3 inhabitants per square mile (168.8/km). There were 533 housing units at an average density of 184.8 per square mile (71.4/km). The racial makeup of the CDP was 52.10% White , 0.56% African American , 17.37% Native American , 26.57% from other races , and 3.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 62.17% of the population. There were 493 households, out of which 38.3% had children under

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312-499: The United States Census Bureau has defined Pojoaque as a census-designated place (CDP). Pojoaque Pueblo, a neighboring community, is an Indian reservation , and the town of Pojoaque is a collection of communities near the pueblo with people from various ethnic backgrounds. The area of Pojoaque includes the neighborhoods of Cuyamungue , Jacona , Jaconita , Nambé and El Rancho . In the early 17th century,

338-419: The age of 18 living with them, 46.7% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56 and the average family size was 3.10. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 28.9% under

364-460: The age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 30.4% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.3 males. The median income for a household in the CDP was $ 15,875, and the median income for a family was $ 24,719. Males had a median income of $ 19,830 versus $ 17,105 for females. The per capita income for

390-500: The average income earned per person in a given area (city, region, country, etc.) in a specified year. In many countries, per capita income is determined using regular population surveys, such as the American Community Survey . This allows the calculation of per capita income for both the country as a whole and specific regions or demographic groups. However, comparing per capita income across different countries

416-518: The different pueblos, Tewa has a variety of orthographies rather than a single standardized alphabet. One of the main dialectical delineations of the Santa Clara dialect is the use of /j/ in words where only /y/ is heard in other pueblos, although some Santa Clara speakers use /y/ and /j/ sporadically. Another important dialectical difference aligns Santa Clara, Tesuque, and San Ildefonso Tewa against San Juan and Nambe Tewa. The former use /d/ in

442-548: The first Spanish mission, San Francisco de Pojoaque was founded. During the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Pojoaque was abandoned, and was not resettled until circa 1706. By 1712, the population had reached 79. During the revolt of 1837, New Mexico native Manuel Armijo defeated the rebels at Puertocito Pojoaque, east of Santa Cruz de la Cañada. In the early 1900s, the Pojoaque Valley School District

468-465: The language starting in the 1980s—both by native speakers and linguists—this problem is not as dire as it for some other indigenous languages. Tewa has a fairly large phoneme inventory with 45 distinct individual sounds. Twelve of these are vowels, which can be either long or short. Tewa, like other Tanoan languages, also makes use of tones, of which it has four. The 1980 census counted 1,298 speakers, almost all of whom are bilingual in English. Today,

494-451: The only consonants available are :, h, or nasals, and as such these have been specified in order to create maximum specificity, instead of just referring to these constructions with just the C for consonant. Tewa has three tones, high, low, and glide. Within two-syllable words, the only combinations found are high-high, low-low, low-high, and high-low. The use of stress in Tewa is still relatively unknown. In two-syllable nouns with

520-539: The pattern CVCV and the tone pattern high-high or low-low, there is heavier stress placed on the first syllable. Roots also tend to show heavier stress than affixes if each is the same syllable and tone type. A stronger stress is associated with a higher tone and greater vowel length. However, because of the complex use of tone, syllable type, and contour segments more research does need to be done. Tewa has what are called both "free" and "bound" roots. Free roots are defined as those roots which can be converted directly into

546-439: The pronomial prefixes which they contain. In general, S verbs deal with identity, quality, feeling, condition, position, and motion. Class A verbs are, in general, transitive verbs. All known verb affixes are included in the chart below, showing where the affixes fall in particular constructions of words. This affixes are used to delineate tense, subject, negation, and emphasis. Nouns are divided into two classes: class N, which

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572-556: The resort project in 2004 was $ 250 million. The Pojoaque Valley is served by the Pojoaque Valley School District , which administers several schools, teaching Kindergarten through twelfth grade: Pojoaque Valley High School competes in the NMAA District 2AAAA in athletics. Tewa language The language has struggled to maintain a healthy speaker base; however, because of efforts to preserve

598-579: The same environments where the latter use a nasal plus /d/. In two-syllable word bases, words that have a short /u/ in the initial syllable have a long /u/ in the Santa Clara dialect. In the Santa Clara dialect, where other pueblos have a high tone on this syllable, there will instead be a glide tone. The phonemes of Rio Grande Tewa are as follows: There are 9 types of syllables in Tewa: CV, CV:, CVN, CVh, CVʔ, CV', CVʔN, V, and VN. N here stands for nasal, and as seen, there are some constructions where

624-766: The state of New Mexico. According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 2.9 square miles (7.5 km), all land. Pojoaque Creek runs from the Sangre de Cristo Mountains from Nambé Lake westward. Passing through the pueblo, it joins the Rio Tesuque to form the Pojoaque River, which flows into the Rio Grande . As of the census of 2000, there were 1,261 people, 493 households, and 332 families residing in

650-483: Was established to serve the educational needs of the valley. Pojoaque Pueblo is one of the six Tewa -speaking Rio Grande Pueblos, and a member of the Eight Northern Pueblos . The Pueblo was settled around 500 AD, with the population peaking in the 15th and 16th centuries. In about 1900, a severe smallpox epidemic caused the pueblo to be abandoned once again by 1912. In 1934, Pojoaque Pueblo

676-456: Was reoccupied, and became a federally recognized Indian reservation in 1936. Pojoaque Pueblo remains a major employer in the region, owning several business enterprises, including the gaming operations of three casino locations: Buffalo Thunder Resort, Cities of Gold Casino, and Jake's Casino. Prior to 2017, the New Mexico state gaming compacts signed by the pueblo expired, but the pueblo has continued gaming operations and resumed negotiations with

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