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16-403: According to Dio Cassius , the bridge was built in 62 BC, the year after Cicero was consul , to replace an earlier wooden bridge destroyed by fire. It was commissioned by Lucius Fabricius, the curator of the roads and a member of the gens Fabricia of Rome. Completely intact from Roman antiquity, it has been in continuous use ever since. The Pons Fabricius has a length of 62 m, and

32-662: A Roman History ( Ῥωμαϊκὴ Ἱστορία , Rhōmaïkḕ Historía ) in 80 books in Greek , later translated into Latin as the Historia Romana . On the matter of its composition, he writes the following: "I spent ten years in collecting all the achievements of the Romans from the beginning down to the death of Severus [211 AD], and twelve years more in composing my work. As for subsequent events, they also shall be recorded, down to whatever point it shall be permitted me". The books cover

48-487: A suffect consul in approximately the year 205. Dio was also proconsul in Africa and Pannonia . Severus Alexander held Dio in the highest esteem and reappointed him to the position of consul in 229. Following his second consulship, while in his later years, Dio returned to his native Bithynia, where he eventually died. Dio was either the grandfather or great-grandfather of Cassius Dio , consul in 291. Dio published

64-607: A Byzantine monk of the 11th century, and Zonaras , a Byzantine chronicler of the 12th century. Lucius Cassius Dio was the son of Cassius Apronianus , a Roman senator and member of the Cassia gens , who was born and raised at Nicaea in Bithynia . Byzantine tradition maintains that Dio's mother was the daughter or sister of the Greek orator and philosopher, Dio Chrysostom ; however, this relationship has been disputed. Although Dio

80-566: A period of approximately 1,400 years, beginning with the tales from Roman mythology of the arrival of the legendary Aeneas in Italy ( c.  1200 BC ) and the founding of Rome by his descendant Romulus (753 BC); as well as the historic events of the republican and imperial eras through 229 AD. The work is one of only three written Roman sources that document the British revolt of 60–61 AD led by Boudica . Until

96-411: Is 5.5 m wide. It is constructed from two wide arches spanning 80 feet, supported by a central pillar in the middle of the stream. The arches of this bridge are the first ones on any Roman bridge that were not semi-circular. This is possibly caused by the semi-circle being located below the water line. Its core is constructed of tuff . Its outer facing today is made of bricks and travertine . A relief

112-549: Is located 20 feet above the pier. During times of flood , this relief served as an additional waterway . An original inscription on the travertine commemorates its builder in Latin: L . FABRICIVS . C . F . CVR . VIAR | FACIVNDVM . COERAVIT | IDEMQVE | PROBAVIT ("Lucius Fabricius, son of Gaius, superintendent of the roads, took care and likewise approved that it be built"). It is repeated four times, once on each side of each arch. A later inscription, in smaller lettering, records that

128-664: The history of ancient Rome , beginning with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy. The volumes documented the subsequent founding of Rome (753 BC), the formation of the Republic (509 BC), and the creation of the Empire (27 BC) up until 229 AD, during the reign of Severus Alexander . Written in Ancient Greek over 22 years, Dio's work covers approximately 1,000 years of history. Many of his books have survived intact, alongside summaries edited by later authors such as Xiphilinus ,

144-526: The 12th-century epitome of Joannes Zonaras who used Dio's Roman History as a main source. Scholarship on this part of Dio's work is scarce but the importance of the Early Republic and Regal period to Dio's overall work has recently been underlined. Books 22 through 35, which are only sparsely covered by fragments, were already lost by the times of Zonaras. The books that follow, Books 36 through 54, are all nearly complete; they cover

160-414: The bridge was restored under Pope Innocent XI , probably in 1679. [REDACTED] Media related to Ponte dei Quattro Capi at Wikimedia Commons Dio Cassius Lucius Cassius Dio ( c.  165  – c.  235 ), also known as Dio Cassius ( ‹See Tfd› Greek : Δίων Κάσσιος Dion Kassios ), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin. He published 80 volumes of

176-451: The first 36 books have been collected in four ways: An outline of Roman History . Cassius Dio (consul 291) Cassius Dio ( / ˈ k æ ʃ ə s ˈ d iː oʊ / ; fl. 291–297) was a Roman senator who was appointed consul in AD 291. Cassius Dio was either the grandson or great-grandson of his namesake, the historian Cassius Dio , whose family originated in Bithynia . He

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192-480: The first century BC, Dio provides only a summary of events; after that period, his accounts become more detailed. Dio's work has often been deprecated as unreliable and lacking any overall political aim. Recently, however, some scholars have re-evaluated his work and have highlighted his complexity and sophisticated political and historical interpretations. The first 21 books have been partially reconstructed based on fragments from other works, as well as

208-463: The period from 65 BC to 12 BC, or from the eastern campaign of Pompey and the death of Mithridates to the death of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa . Book 55 contains a considerable gap, while Books 56 through 60 (which cover the period from 9–54 AD) are complete and contain events from the defeat of Varus in Germany to the death of Claudius . Of the 20 subsequent books in

224-419: The series, there remain only fragments and the meager abridgement of John Xiphilinus , a Byzantine monk from the 11th century sponsored by emperor Michael VII Doukas . The abridgment of Xiphilinus, as now extant, commences with Book 35 and continues to the end of Book 80. The last book covers the period from 222 to 229 AD (the first half of the reign of Alexander Severus ). The fragments of

240-484: Was a Roman citizen , he wrote in Greek. Dio always maintained a love for his hometown of Nicaea, calling it "my home", as opposed to his description of his villa in Capua , Italy ("the place where I spend my time whenever I am in Italy"). For the greater part of his life, Dio was a member of the public service . He was a senator under Commodus and governor of Smyrna following the death of Septimius Severus ; he became

256-611: Was appointed consul posterior in 291 alongside Gaius Junius Tiberianus at quite a young age. This was followed by a posting as Proconsular governor of Africa from approximately 1 July 294 to 1 July 295. Then on 18 February 296, he was appointed Praefectus urbi of Rome , a position he held until 297. Cassius Dio owned a house on the Palatine Hill called the Domus Dionis . At some stage, he and 12 other senators each contributed 400,000 sesterces , probably for

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