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13-625: [REDACTED] Look up pontine in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Pontine may refer to: Having to do with the pons , a structure located in the brain stem (from pons , "bridge") Pontine Marshes , a region of Italy near Rome Pontine Islands , islands of Italy near Circeo See also [ edit ] [REDACTED] Search for "pontine" on Misplaced Pages. All pages with titles beginning with Pontine All pages with titles containing Pontine Topics referred to by

26-404: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pons The pons (from Latin pons , "bridge") is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals , lies inferior to the midbrain , superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum . The pons is also called the pons Varolii ("bridge of Varolius"), after

39-473: Is vertical directed and lies in the midline of the pons on its anterior (front) surface. The basilar artery runs within the basilar sulcus. The basilar sulcus is bounded on either side by an eminence caused by the descent of the cerebrospinal fibers through the substance of the pons. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 785 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) This neuroanatomy article

52-399: The cochlear and vestibular nuclei , which form the special somatic afferent (SSA) fibers of the vestibulocochlear nerve , the spinal and principal trigeminal nerve nuclei , which form the general somatic afferent column (GSA) of the trigeminal nerve , and the pontine nuclei which relays to the cerebellum . Basal plate neuroblasts give rise to the abducens nucleus , which forms

65-623: The general somatic efferent fibers (GSE); the facial and motor trigeminal nuclei, which form the special visceral efferent (SVE) column, and the superior salivatory nucleus , which forms the general visceral efferent fibers (GVE) of the facial nerve . A number of cranial nerve nuclei are present in the pons: Functions of these four cranial nerves (V-VIII) include regulation of respiration, control of involuntary actions, sensory roles in hearing, equilibrium, and taste, and in facial sensations such as touch and pain, as well as motor roles in eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing, and

78-457: The Italian anatomist and surgeon Costanzo Varolio (1543–75). This region of the brainstem includes neural pathways and tracts that conduct signals from the brain down to the cerebellum and medulla, and tracts that carry the sensory signals up into the thalamus . The pons in humans measures about 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) in length. It is the part of the brainstem situated between

91-425: The basilar artery. A smaller portion of the pons is supplied by the anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries . During embryonic development , the metencephalon develops from the rhombencephalon and gives rise to two structures: the pons and the cerebellum. The alar plate produces sensory neuroblasts , which will give rise to the solitary nucleus and its special visceral afferent (SVA) column;

104-449: The change from inhalation to exhalation. The pons is implicated in sleep paralysis , and may also play a role in generating dreams. The pons first evolved as an offshoot of the medullary reticular formation . Since lampreys possess a pons, it has been argued that it must have evolved as a region distinct from the medulla by the time the first agnathans appeared, 525 million years ago. Basilar sulcus The basilar sulcus

117-406: The midbrain and the medulla oblongata. The horizontal medullopontine sulcus demarcates the boundary between the pons and medulla oblongata on the ventral aspect of the brainstem, and the roots of cranial nerves VI/VII/VIII emerge from the brainstem along this groove. The junction of pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum forms the cerebellopontine angle . The superior pontine sulcus separates

130-423: The pons features a midline basilar sulcus along which the basilar artery may or may not course. There is a bulge to either side of the basilar sulcus, created by the pontine nuclei that are interweaved amid the descending fibres within the substance of the pons. The superior cerebellar artery winds around the upper margin of the pons. Most of the pons is supplied by the pontine arteries , which arise from

143-439: The pons from the midbrain. Posteriorly, the pons curves on either side into a middle cerebellar peduncle . A cross-section of the pons divides it into a ventral and a dorsal area. The ventral pons is known as the basilar part , and the dorsal pons is known as the pontine tegmentum . The ventral aspect of the pons faces the clivus , with the pontine cistern intervening between the two structures. The ventral surface of

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156-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pontine . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pontine&oldid=1022763259 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

169-452: The secretion of saliva and tears. The pons contains nuclei that relay signals from the forebrain to the cerebellum, along with nuclei that deal primarily with sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial expressions, facial sensation, and posture. Within the pons is the pneumotaxic center consisting of the subparabrachial and the medial parabrachial nuclei . This center regulates

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