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42-505: In many Western liturgical denominations, the paten is typically either a simple saucer-like plate or a low bowl. A smaller style paten will often have a depression that allows it to securely sit on top of the chalice , as shown in the illustration on the left here. The General Instruction of the Roman Missal lays down rules for patens: Sacred vessels should be made from precious metal. If they are made from metal that rusts or from

84-555: A chalice during the service as a sign of his ministry. In the West the deacon carries the chalice to the altar at the offertory ; in the East, the priest carries the chalice and the deacon carries the paten ( diskos ). Only wine, water and a portion of the Host are permitted to be placed in the chalice, and it may not be used for any profane purpose. The chalice is considered to be one of

126-636: A cross. In Orthodoxy and Eastern Catholicism, all communicants receive both the Body of Christ and the Blood of Christ . To accomplish this, a portion of the Lamb ( host ) is placed in the chalice, and then the faithful receive Communion on a spoon . For this reason, eastern chalices tend to have larger, rounded cups. In the Russian Orthodox Church , the faithful will often kiss the "foot" (base) of

168-731: A derivation of "taking the Lord's name in vain". With reference to the Hussite movement in the Kingdom of Bohemia , besides religious use, the chalice also became one of the unofficial national symbols of the Czechs . It is frequently used in Czech national symbolism and it is part of many historical banners. Antimension The antimins (from the Greek Ἀντιμήνσιον , Antimension : "instead of

210-669: A flame inside a chalice. A flaming chalice is the most widely used symbol of Unitarianism and Unitarian Universalism (UU), and the official logo of the Unitarian Universalist Association (UUA) and other Unitarian and UU churches and societies. The design was originated by the artist Hans Deutsch, who took his inspiration from the chalices of oil burned on ancient Greek and Roman altars . It became an underground symbol in occupied Europe during World War II for assistance to help Unitarians, Jews, and other people escape Nazi persecution. The chalice

252-552: A metal less precious than gold, they should generally be gilded on the inside. However, provisions for vessels made from non-precious metals are made as well, provided they are "made from other solid materials which in the common estimation in each region are considered precious or noble." Some call the communion-plate a "paten", but the English translation of the General Instruction of the Roman Missal approved by

294-560: A paten during the offertory and once again after it consecrated , specifically following the fraction . The paten, along with the chalice, lies on the altar during the celebration of the Holy Eucharist. In the Byzantine Rite Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Rite Catholic Churches, the paten is called a diskos and is elevated by a stand (or "foot") permanently attached underneath. The diskos

336-600: A small diskos and given to him, as a sign of the Sacred Mysteries which are being entrusted to his care. In the Russian tradition, there is a special liturgy of blessing used to sanctify a diskos before its first use at Liturgy. The diskos may be blessed separately or together in a set with the other sacred vessels. The blessing is normally done immediately before beginning of the Liturgy of Preparation, after which

378-633: A smaller diskos is prepared for him with a small prosphoron from which he takes particles to commemorate the living and the departed before the Great Entrance . During the Consecration of a Church, a diskos is used to hold the relics of the saints which will be sealed in the Holy Table and antimension by the bishop. When a priest is ordained , a portion of the Lamb will be placed on

420-542: Is found to be bad. The idea was referred to by Benedict of Nursia in one of his exorcisms , found on the Saint Benedict Medal : Vade retro Satana! Nunquam suade mihi vana! Sunt mala quae libas. Ipse venena bibas! ('Begone Satan! Never tempt me with your vanities! What you offer me is evil. Drink the poison yourself!'). William Shakespeare uses the expression in Act I Scene VII of Macbeth . It occurs in

462-479: Is not unusual, especially in ecclesiastical heraldry . A number of cities and regions also make use of the chalice. For instance, the coat of arms of the municipality of Fanas in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the Swiss canton of Graubünden bears a gold chalice on a solid blue background. The coat of arms of Staufen im Breisgau contains the three golden chalices (i.e. drei staufen in ancient German) of

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504-515: Is often shown surrounded by two linked rings. The two linked rings were used as an early symbol for the Unitarian Universalist Association, signifying the joining of Unitarianism and Universalism. There is no standardized interpretation of the flaming chalice symbol. In one interpretation, the chalice is a symbol of religious freedom from the impositions of doctrine by a hierarchy and openness to participation by all;

546-562: Is the French word for chalice) can be an alternate form of cursing. Somewhat equivalent to the American word "goddam" or the phrase "God damn it", the use of "câlice" or "tabarnak" (a variation of tabernacle) as an interjection is not uncommon in Quebec. For example: "Câlice! I forgot to lock the front door" or muttering "tabarnak" under one's breath after they get a flat tire. This is presumably

588-457: Is the most common wine cup seen in paintings of symposium drinking parties. Gradually the term became more or less restricted to cups for liturgical use. In Roman Catholicism , Eastern Orthodox Church , Oriental Orthodoxy , Anglicanism , Lutheranism and some other Christian denominations , a chalice is a standing cup used to hold sacramental wine during the Eucharist (also called

630-537: Is used for different shapes such as the Gobelet André Falquet and Roman Lyon Cup , both stemless. The ancient Roman calix was a cup or drinking vessel, probably rather vaguely defined as to its exact shape. But most consisted of a bowl on a stem over a foot or base; handles were probably optional. The Greek kylix , at least as defined by modern authorities, was a far wider and more shallow bowl on some sort of stem, with two horizontal handles. It

672-621: Is usually more ornate than its Latin counterpart, and must always be made of gold or at least be gold-plated. The diskos may be engraved with an icon of Jesus Christ , the Nativity of Christ , the Cross , or most frequently the Theotokos . When a diskos is made, it is usually accompanied by a matching asterisk (small, folding metal stand used to keep the Aër from disturbing the particles on

714-674: The Catholic Encyclopedia 1908 concluded that "No reliable tradition has been preserved to us regarding the vessel used by Christ at the Last Supper. In the sixth and seventh centuries pilgrims to Jerusalem were led to believe that the actual chalice was still venerated in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, having within it the sponge which was presented to Our Saviour on Calvary." Several surviving standing cups of precious materials are identified in local traditions as

756-780: The Divine Liturgy it is not only the Lamb (Host) that is placed on the diskos, but also particles to commemorate the Theotokos, the Saints , the living and the departed. Thus, on the diskos is represented the entire Church: the Church Militant and the Church Triumphant , arrayed around Christ. At the Great Entrance the deacon carries the Diskos, holding the foot of the diskos at his forehead. He then kneels at

798-506: The Lords of Staufen  [ de ] , advocates of the monastery of St. Trudpert . A golden chalice (or in some instances three or five) on blue background has been used as coat of arms for the Kingdom of Galicia since at least the late Middle Ages, and is still central in its renewed heraldry. In French-Canadian culture, particularly in and around Quebec, the use of the names of holy objects such as "câlice" (a variation of calice, which

840-532: The Russian Orthodox Church , a subdeacon is permitted to touch the holy vessels, but only if they are wrapped in cloth. In Christian tradition , the Holy Chalice is the vessel which Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine. New Testament texts make no mention of the cup except within the context of the Last Supper and give no significance whatsoever to the object itself. Herbert Thurston in

882-699: The Chalice. An entirely different and pervasive tradition concerns the cup of the Last Supper . In this highly muddled though better-known version, the vessel is known as the Holy Grail . In this legend, Jesus used the cup at the Last Supper to institute the Mass . Other stories claim that Joseph of Arimathea used the cup to collect and store the blood of Christ at the Crucifixion. At the opening of Unitarian Universalist worship services, many congregations light

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924-612: The English-speaking episcopal conferences and confirmed by the Holy See uses "communion-plate" to speak of this object (numbers 118 and 187) and reserves the term "paten" for the other object (numbers 84, 117, 141, etc.). The two corresponding Latin terms are patina (communion-plate) and patena (paten). Patens are also used among Anglicans and Lutherans . In the United Methodist Church, during

966-520: The Eucharist became central to Christian liturgy . Naturally, the vessels used in this important act of worship were highly decorated and treated with great respect. A number of early examples of chalices have a large bowl and two vertical handles, reflecting classical cup shapes such as the kantharos and skyphos . Over time, the size of the bowl diminished and the base became larger for better stability. Eventually, official church regulations dictated

1008-473: The Lord's Supper or Holy Communion). Chalices are often made of precious metal, and they are sometimes richly enamelled and jewelled . Generally they have no handles. Chalices have been used since the early Church . Because of Jesus ' command to his disciples to "Do this in remembrance of me." ( Luke 22:19 ), and Paul 's account of the Eucharistic rite in 1 Corinthians 11:24–25 , the celebration of

1050-702: The Order for the Ordination of Elders, each elder receives a stole, along with a chalice and paten, from the bishop after the part of the liturgy in which the bishop lays his hands and prays over the ministerial candidates. This is because the newly ordained elders are now able to celebrate the Sacraments, such as Holy Communion. In the Methodist service of the Holy Communion, the bread is placed upon

1092-417: The chalice after receiving Holy Communion. In other traditions, they will kiss the cup. Although Orthodox monks are not permitted to hold personal possessions, the canons permit a hieromonk (i.e., a monk who has been ordained to the priesthood) to keep a chalice and other vessels necessary to celebrate the Divine Liturgy . In the early and medieval church, when a deacon was ordained, he would be handed

1134-542: The chalice, diskos, and all the sacred vessels should remain on the Table of Oblation (prothesis), wrapped in their cloth bags—either sitting on top and covered with a cloth, or stored securely in a cabinet built into the prothesis. In the usage of the Alexandrian Rite , the diskos usually has a flat bottom with no foot. Additionally, it has a raised edge, forming a relatively high rim, preventing particles of

1176-663: The construction, blessing, and treatment of chalices. Some religious traditions still require that the chalice, at least on the inside of the cup, be gold-plated. In Western Christianity , chalices will often have a knop, pommel or node where the stem meets the cup to make the elevation easier. In Roman Catholicism, chalices of recent centuries tend to have quite narrow cups. Roman Catholic priests will often receive chalices from members of their families when first ordained . In Eastern Christianity (Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic churches), chalices will often have icons enameled or engraved on them, as well as

1218-663: The diskos), a spoon (for distributing Holy Communion to the faithful), and a spear (used to cut the Lamb during the Liturgy of Preparation ). For Christians of historically Eastern church families , the diskos symbolises the Ever-virgin Mary , who received God the Word into her womb and gave birth to him, as well as the Tomb of Christ , which received his body after the Crucifixion and from which he resurrected. During

1260-524: The flame is interpreted as a memorial to those throughout history who sacrificed their lives for the cause of religious liberty. In another interpretation, the flaming chalice resembles a cross, symbolic of the Christian roots of Unitarian Universalism. In Wicca , a chalice, as a feminine principle, is often used in combination with the Athame (ceremonial black-handled knife), as male principle. Combining

1302-407: The genitalia of the goddess or female deity. Rastafaris sometimes smoke ganja in a chalice (waterpipe or bong ) during an activity called reasoning intended to put participants in touch with peaceful feelings, unity, and "consciousness." The term "poisoned chalice" is applied to a thing or situation which appears to be good when it is received or experienced by someone, but then becomes or

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1344-593: The most sacred vessels in Christian liturgical worship, and it is often blessed before use. In the Roman Catholic Church and some Anglo-Catholic churches, it was the custom for a chalice to be consecrated by being anointed with chrism , and this consecration could only be performed by a bishop or abbot (only for use within his own monastery ). Among the Eastern Churches, there are varying practices regarding blessing. In some traditions,

1386-554: The offered elements from falling to the floor. Chalice (cup) A chalice (from Latin calix 'cup', taken from the Ancient Greek κύλιξ ( kylix ) 'cup') is a drinking cup raised on a stem with a foot or base. The word is now used almost exclusively for the cups used in Christian liturgy as part of a service of the Eucharist , such as a Catholic mass . These are normally made of metal, but neither

1428-406: The opening soliloquy of the scene when Macbeth is considering the ramifications of the murder he is plotting. But in these cases We still have judgment here; that we but teach Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return To plague the inventor: this even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poison'd chalice To our own lips. [1.7.7-12] The use of chalices as heraldic devices

1470-550: The priest carries the diskos into the sanctuary and begins the liturgy, using the newly blessed vessel in that Liturgy. Up until the first time a diskos is used in the Divine Liturgy it is considered to be an ordinary vessel, and may be touched by anyone. However, after having been used in the Divine Liturgy, a diskos may be touched only by a deacon, priest or bishop. A subdeacon may touch the sacred vessels, but only if they are securely wrapped in cloth. When not in use,

1512-544: The shape nor the material is a requirement. Most have no handles, and in recent centuries the cup at the top has usually been a simple flared shape. Historically, the same shape was used for elite secular vessels, and many individual examples have served both secular and liturgical uses over their history, for example the Lacock Cup and Royal Gold Cup , both late medieval cups. Cups owned by churches were much more likely to survive, as secular drinkware in precious metal

1554-656: The side of the Holy Table , and the priest takes the diskos from him and places it on the Antimension . During the Anaphora , only the Lamb is consecrated. At Holy Communion , the clergy partake of their portions of the Lamb directly from the diskos, but for the Communion of the faithful, the remainder of the Lamb is cut into small portions and placed in the chalice, from which the priest distributes Communion using

1596-519: The spoon. After Communion, the Deacon holds the diskos above the holy chalice and recites hymns of the Resurrection. Then he wipes the remaining particles (for the saints, living and departed) into the chalices saying the words: "Wash away, O Lord, the sins of all those here commemorated, by Thy precious Blood, through the prayers of all Thy saints." Sometimes, when a bishop celebrates the Liturgy,

1638-688: The table"), is one of the most important furnishings of the altar in many Eastern Christian liturgical traditions. It is a rectangular piece of cloth of either linen or silk, typically decorated with representations of the Descent of Christ from the Cross , the Four Evangelists , and inscriptions related to the Passion . A small relic of a martyr is sewn into it. In the Latin Church of

1680-575: The two evokes the act of procreation, as a symbol of universal creativity. This is a symbol of the Great Rite in Wiccan rituals. A chalice is also used in the Small Rite . Some other forms of Neo-Paganism make use of chalices in their rituals as well. A chalice may be placed on an altar or on the ground. The chalice may contain wine, whiskey , water, or other liquids. It is used to represent

1722-426: The very act of celebrating the Sacred Mysteries ( Eucharist ) is the only blessing necessary; in others, there is a special rite of blessing. In some Eastern traditions, this blessing may be done only by a bishop, in some it may be done by a priest. In any case, in both the East and the West, once a chalice has been blessed, it may only be touched by an ordained member of the higher clergy (bishop, priest or deacon). In

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1764-443: Was usually melted down when it fell out of fashion. The same general cup shape is also called a goblet (from Old French gobellet , diminutive of gobel 'cup'), normally in secular contexts. This remains current as a term for wineglasses and other stemware , most of which have a goblet shape, with Paris goblet as a trade term for basic rounded wineglasses. The modern French term gobelet has developed differently, and

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