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72-561: Panoramic Hill is a residential neighborhood of the cities of Berkeley and Oakland, California defined by the homes along and within the access corridor defined by Panoramic Way. The Panoramic Hill Neighborhood is located at the eastern edge of the city of Berkeley, southeast of the University of California campus, and situated at the northwestern foot of the Claremont Canyon Regional Preserve and

144-410: A residents' committee ; these are subdivided into residents' small groups of fifteen to forty families. In most urban areas of China, neighbourhood , community , residential community , residential unit , residential quarter have the same meaning: 社区 or 小区 or 居民区 or 居住区 , and is the direct sublevel of a subdistrict ( 街道办事处 ), which is the direct sublevel of a district ( 区 ), which

216-475: A "K" parking permit. Parking in the Oakland portion of the hill is also limited to 2 hours and is patrolled between 8 AM and 6 PM, Monday through Friday. Residents can acquire an "L" parking permit. Panoramic Hill is home to a series of maintained walking paths and staircases that lead, on and off the road, halfway up the hill where they intersect a series of fire trails that lead into the hills. Each set of steps

288-777: A 2012 play in which Taylor imagines a plausible life story for Morgan. My buildings will be my legacy... they will speak for me long after I'm gone. — Julia Morgan Julia Morgan died on February 2, 1957, in San Francisco, California, at age 85. Her body was buried in the Mountain View Cemetery in the hills of Oakland, California. In 1995, the Julia Morgan Ballroom at the Merchants Exchange Building in San Francisco, where she had her office from 1907 to 1950,

360-857: A Craftsman building is still standing, as is the 1926 Hollywood Studio Club YWCA. Morgan's Riverside YWCA from 1929 still stands, but as the Riverside Art Museum . Her 1925 Long Beach Italian Renaissance branch has been demolished. The "gorgeous" Pasadena YWCA is being acquired by the City for restoration and public use after several decades of decay. Morgan also designed YWCA buildings in Northern California , including those in Oakland and in San Francisco's Chinatown . The YWCA building in San Francisco reflects her understanding of traditional Chinese architecture . The building

432-667: A background for these buildings. Thus, the individual designs of Coxhead, Morgan, or Maybeck do not appear as museum pieces in a glass case, divorced of context, but convey the image and atmosphere of the intellectual and cultural milieu which aspired at the turn of the century to be the Athens of the West." Panoramic Hill features the architecture of Julia Morgan , Ernest Coxhead , John Hudson Thomas , Walter Ratcliff , William Wurster , Walter Steilberg , Frank Lloyd Wright , Mark Mack , Harwell Hamilton Harris and Bernard Maybeck as well as

504-608: A chapter of the YWCA during her time as an undergraduate student which made it possible for women to use the gymnasium. She graduated in 1894 as the first woman with a B.S. degree in civil engineering at Berkeley with honors. After her graduation, Morgan became a member of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae , now the American Association of University Women . One of the engineering lecturers of her senior year

576-800: A high level of regulation of social life by officials. For example, in the Tang period Chinese capital city Chang'an, neighbourhoods were districts and there were state officials who carefully controlled life and activity at the neighbourhood level. Neighbourhoods in preindustrial cities often had some degree of social specialisation or differentiation. Ethnic neighbourhoods were important in many past cities and remain common in cities today. Economic specialists, including craft producers, merchants, and others, could be concentrated in neighbourhoods, and in societies with religious pluralism neighbourhoods were often specialised by religion. One factor contributing to neighbourhood distinctiveness and social cohesion in past cities

648-541: A material that proved to have superior seismic performance in the 1906 and 1989 earthquakes. She embraced the Arts and Crafts Movement and used various producers of California pottery to adorn her buildings. She sought to reconcile classical and Craftsman , scholarship and innovation, formalism and whimsy. Julia Morgan was the first woman to receive the American Institute of Architects highest award,

720-670: A palatial theater. This earned her a certificate in architecture, making her the first woman to receive one from the school; she did so in three years, although the usual time of completion was five years (that was how long Maybeck took, for example). She stayed in Paris long enough to collaborate with Chaussemiche on a project for Harriet Fearing, an ex–New Yorker who contracted for a "grand salon" design for her residence in Fontainebleau . Upon her return from Paris, Morgan began working for San Francisco architect John Galen Howard , who

792-420: A small area within a town or city. The label is commonly used to refer to organisations which relate to such a very local structure, such as neighbourhood policing or Neighbourhood watch schemes. In addition, government statistics for local areas are often referred to as neighbourhood statistics, although the data themselves are broken down usually into districts and wards for local purposes. In many parts of

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864-496: A specific geographic area and functionally as a set of social networks. Neighbourhoods, then, are the spatial units in which face-to-face social interactions occur—the personal settings and situations where residents seek to realise common values, socialise youth, and maintain effective social control." In the words of the urban scholar Lewis Mumford , "Neighborhoods, in some annoying, inchoate fashion exist wherever human beings congregate, in permanent family dwellings; and many of

936-502: A tight budget. This experience gave her a concrete understanding of how to handle money efficiently, which helped make her a successful businesswoman after she opened her own practice, and helped her to focus on keeping her projects within her client's budgets. One of the few public awards she accepted was the University of California, Berkeley, honorary Doctor of Laws degree, its highest award, conferred upon her on May 15, 1929, with

1008-490: A unit of analysis. In mainland China , the term is generally used for the urban administrative division found immediately below the district level, although an intermediate, subdistrict level exists in some cities. They are also called streets (administrative terminology may vary from city to city). Neighbourhoods encompass 2,000 to 10,000 families. Within neighbourhoods, families are grouped into smaller residential units or quarters of 100 to 600 families and supervised by

1080-647: A wealthy family, did not succeed in any of his business ventures, so the family relied heavily on the Parmelee fortune. In 1865, Charles had his first venture in California when he bought land in Santa Paula to unsuccessfully drill for oil. He later cofounded the Shasta Iron Company, which was dissolved in 1875 after limited income. In mid-1878, Eliza took the children to New York to live near

1152-708: A wide variety of craftsman built homes each uniquely adapting to the geography and encapsulating the view. The Panoramic Hill neighborhood is frequently a part of architectural walking tours in Berkeley . Panoramic Hill was named "Berkeley's Most Romantic Neighborhood" by the Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association . 37°52′10″N 122°14′56″W  /  37.86948°N 122.248845°W  / 37.86948; -122.248845 Neighborhood A neighbourhood (Commonwealth English) or neighborhood (American English)

1224-565: A year brought her a national reputation as "a superb engineer, an innovative designer and architect, and a dedicated professional." The marked increase in commissions following the 1906 San Francisco earthquake brought her financial success. ”My work here [Fairmont Hotel] has all been structural.” —Julia Morgan (1907) Greatly impressed by her work on the Fairmont, Phoebe Hearst recommended Morgan for several large construction projects, including Asilomar . Her son, William Randolph Hearst ,

1296-489: A year of work experience building with Maybeck, then traveled to Paris in 1896 to prepare for the Beaux-Arts entrance exam. The school had never before allowed a woman to study architecture, but in 1897, it opened its entry process to women applicants, largely because of pressure from a union of French women artists, whom Morgan characterized as " bohemians. " In her time at the Beaux-Arts, Morgan interacted with members of

1368-426: Is a geographically localized community within a larger city , town , suburb or rural area , sometimes consisting of a single street and the buildings lining it. Neighbourhoods are often social communities with considerable face-to-face interaction among members. Researchers have not agreed on an exact definition, but the following may serve as a starting point: "Neighbourhood is generally defined spatially as

1440-406: Is a very steep and narrow public road with numerous sharp turns and curves serving approximately 500 residents. Traffic can become difficult during rush hours, waste collection times or when construction and service vehicles are present. Emergency vehicles do regular patrols of the area to test their ability to access all residents in case of emergency. Where the street is only wide enough for one car,

1512-409: Is a woman." She saved her money and made plans to work on her own, accepting important side projects. In 1904, Morgan was the first woman to obtain an architecture license in California. While living at the old family home in Oakland, she opened her own office in San Francisco, where the staff knew her as 'J.M.' After her first office was destroyed by the 1906 fire, she opened her office in 1907 on

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1584-584: Is located at the southwest corner of Broadway and 11th Streets on a city block in Downtown Los Angeles , awaiting adaptive reuse. In 1919, Hearst selected Morgan as the architect for La Cuesta Encantada, better known as Hearst Castle , which was built atop the family campsite overlooking San Simeon Harbor. Morgan employed tiles , designing many of them herself, from California Faience . The project proved to be her largest and most complex, as Hearst's vision for his estate grew ever grander over

1656-753: Is now the Berkeley Playhouse. Other projects include the Chapel of the Chimes in Oakland; the nearby brick multi-use building at 4021 Piedmont Avenue ; the sanctuary of Ocean Avenue Presbyterian Church at 32 Ocean Avenue, San Francisco (where Mission Bay Community Church also meets); and the large Berkeley City Club adjacent to University of California. She designed the World War I YWCA Hostess House in Palo Alto , built in 1918 and later to become

1728-670: Is owned and operated by the Ladies Protection and Relief Society , one of California’s first philanthropic organizations, established in 1853. Among her earliest works was the North Star House in Grass Valley, California , commissioned in 1904-5 by mining engineer Arthur De Wint Foote and his wife, the author and illustrator Mary Hallock Foote . She considered St. John's Presbyterian Church , in Berkeley, California , her finest Craftsman-style building. It

1800-409: Is required to keep the trails open for emergency vehicle access. The Berkeley Historical Society frequently conducts walking tours of Panoramic Hill and its surrounding trails and views. "The quality of this area depends not so much on its individual buildings, though there are many fine structures by Berkeley's most important designers, but upon the survival of a complete neighborhood that provides

1872-597: Is the direct sublevel of a city ( 市 ). (See Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China ) The term has no general official or statistical purpose in the United Kingdom, but is often used by local boroughs for self-chosen sub-divisions of their area for the delivery of various services and functions, as for example in Kingston-upon-Thames or is used as an informal term to refer to

1944-430: Is treated as its own walking byway and is therefore named and well marked. Signs are also placed around the hill indicating the direction of the closest set of 'steps off the hill' for visitors who become lost among the trees, architecture, and windy roads. The lower steps are called Orchard Lane, and split at Panoramic Way (the vehicle road) and Mosswood Path a pedestrian pathway covered by antique red woods. Arden Steps are

2016-467: The AIA Gold Medal , posthumously in 2014. Morgan, the daughter of Charles Bill Morgan and Eliza Woodland Parmelee Morgan, was born on January 20, 1872, the second of five children. Her mother, Eliza, grew up as the indulged daughter of Albert O. Parmelee, a cotton trader and millionaire who financially supported the couple when they moved to San Francisco. Two years after their daughter's birth,

2088-685: The Carmel-by-the-Sea city limits. The other is the "Dr. Emma W. Pope House" at 2981 Franciscan Way, on a hillside overlooking the Carmel Mission . It was built in 1940, in the Minimal Traditional architectural style for Dr. Emma Whitman Pope, who was a friend from Morgan's undergraduate years at the UC Berkeley. Although Morgan was highly respected as an architect, not much is known about her personal life. She

2160-564: The Claremont Hills . The neighborhood is bounded by Piedmont Avenue , the Clark Kerr Campus and the main University of California campus. The eastern half of this neighborhood is in the City of Oakland . It includes the streets of Panoramic Way, Mosswood Road, Panoramic Place (Berkeley), Panoramic Place (Oakland), Arden Road, Dwight Place, and Dwight Way. The neighborhood is approximately 0.258 square miles. Panoramic Way

2232-490: The Union des femmes peintres et sculpteurs , a group focused on advancing women in art. Morgan met with these women and was exposed to their feminist views; they discussed how to increase the influence of women in professional careers. In principle, the school admitted the top 30 candidates. It took Morgan three tries to get in: on the first try, she placed too low, while on her second try, in 1898, although she placed well into

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2304-477: The 13th floor of the Merchants Exchange Building , 465 California Street , in the heart of San Francisco's financial district , where she worked for the rest of her career. In 1907 she partnered with Ira Hoover, former draftsman of Howard. As a firm named Morgan and Hoover, the two worked together until 1910. Morgan reestablished an individual private practice in late 1910. In April 1904, Julia Morgan completed her first reinforced concrete structure, El Campanil,

2376-565: The 1900s, Clarence Perry described the idea of a neighbourhood unit as a self-contained residential area within a city. The concept is still influential in New Urbanism . Practitioners seek to revive traditional sociability in planned suburban housing based on a set of principles. At the same time, the neighbourhood is a site of interventions to create Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFCC) as many older adults tend to have narrower life space. Urban design studies thus use neighbourhood as

2448-450: The 72-foot bell tower at Mills College , which is located across the bay from San Francisco. Two years later, El Campanil survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake unscathed, which helped build her reputation and launch her career. Throughout her career, Julia Morgan was said to have completed approximately 800 buildings, most of which are located in California. The devastation of the San Francisco earthquake in 1906 provided her with

2520-679: The Morgans moved to a home they had built in the suburb of Oakland . Though the Morgans resided on the West Coast, Eliza still kept close ties with her family. Upon the birth of each Morgan child, the Parmelees sent funds for the family to travel by the transcontinental railroad so that the infant could be christened in the traditional Parmelee family church in New York. Charles Morgan, a mining engineer from New England who had married into

2592-482: The Panoramic Hill residential neighborhood. The walk and Classical staircase, complete with pillars, balustrades, concrete benches, and an overhanging bower of trees, was built by Warren Cheney, who developed Panoramic Hill. In 1904 Cheney, the former editor of the literary magazine The Californian, purchased the land. In 1909 he commissioned Henry Atkins to design the stairway that still links residences with

2664-474: The Parmelees for a year while Charles worked in San Francisco. In New York, Julia met her older cousin Lucy Thornton, who was married to successful architect Pierre LeBrun . After returning to Oakland, Julia kept in contact with Le Brun; he encouraged her to pursue a higher education. In New York, Julia had been sick with scarlet fever and was kept in bed for a few weeks. As a result of this illness, she

2736-461: The UC Berkeley campus under John Galen Howard, but the Sather Tower was not her design. Despite being chosen by Mills to design El Campanil and her academic credentials, coworkers like Bernard Ransome, son of Ernest Ransome , did not trust in her abilities as a true concrete expert. Ransome's undermining of Morgan's ability led to less trust in her work and praise veiled in gendered rhetoric at

2808-563: The UK wards are roughly equivalent to neighbourhoods or a combination of them. In the United States and Canada , neighbourhoods are often given official or semi-official status through neighbourhood associations , neighbourhood watches or block watches. These may regulate such matters as lawn care and fence height, and they may provide such services as block parties , neighbourhood parks and community security . In some other places

2880-479: The University and town and other walkways that climb the hill." Established in 1904 by Warren Cheney, the Panoramic Hill neighborhood of Berkeley and Oakland enjoys a robust history. Panoramic Hill was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district in 2005. The upper and lower Jordan trails are fire trails through the University of California ecological area. The university

2952-644: The YWCA began when Phoebe Apperson Hearst recommended her for the organization's Asilomar summer conference center, a project she began in 1913. The Asilomar Conference Center , no longer YWCA but state-run, is still in Pacific Grove near Monterey, California . Morgan also designed YWCAs in California, Utah, Arizona, and Hawaii. Five of the Southern California YWCA buildings were designed by Morgan. The 1918 Harbor Area YWCA (San Pedro, CA) in

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3024-517: The car facing downhill must yield to the car facing uphill, as required by California Motor Vehicle Code. Because of the Panoramic Hill Neighborhood's situation between both the city of Berkeley and the city of Oakland it is regulated by both cities with parking regulation. The Berkeley portion of the hill has a 2-hour limit and is patrolled between 8 AM and 7 PM, Monday through Saturday, excluding holidays. Residents can acquire

3096-481: The career of a female architect and because Morgan, who was early in her career, charged less than her male counterparts. Morgan designed six buildings for the Mills campus, including El Campanil, believed to be the first bell tower on a United States college campus. (El Campanil should not be confused with The Campanile , a nickname for Sather Tower , the bell tower of nearby UC Berkeley.) Morgan helped draft parts of

3168-719: The control of city or state officials. In some preindustrial urban traditions, basic municipal functions such as protection, social regulation of births and marriages, cleaning and upkeep are handled informally by neighbourhoods and not by urban governments; this pattern is well documented for historical Islamic cities. In addition to social neighbourhoods, most ancient and historical cities also had administrative districts used by officials for taxation, record-keeping, and social control. Administrative districts are typically larger than neighbourhoods and their boundaries may cut across neighbourhood divisions. In some cases, however, administrative districts coincided with neighbourhoods, leading to

3240-714: The decades of planning and construction. The project included The Hacienda , a residence–private guest house complex built in hybrid Mission Revival, Spanish Colonial Revival (working with Hispanic experts Mildred Stapley and Arthur Byne), and Moorish Revival styles. It was located a day's horseback ride inland from Hearst Castle, next to the Mission San Antonio de Padua near Jolon, California . Her work on 'the Castle' and San Simeon Ranch continued until 1947, ended only by Hearst's declining health. Morgan became William Randolph Hearst's principal architect, producing

3312-624: The designs for dozens of buildings, such as Phoebe Apperson Hearst's Wyntoon , which he inherited. The estate includes a castle and "Bavarian village" of four villas, all on 50,000 acres (202 km ) of forest reserve that includes the McCloud River near Mount Shasta in Northern California. She also did studio and site work for the uncompleted Babicora , Hearst's 1,625,000-acre (6,580 km ) Chihuahua, Mexico , cattle rancho and retreat. Julia Morgan's affiliation with

3384-435: The early 2000s, Community Development Corporations, Rehabilitation Networks, Neighbourhood Development Corporations, and Economic Development organisations would work together to address the housing stock and the infrastructures of communities and neighbourhoods (e.g., community centres). Community and Economic Development may be understood in different ways, and may involve "faith-based" groups and congregations in cities. In

3456-518: The equivalent organization is the parish , though a parish may have several neighbourhoods within it depending on the area. In localities where neighbourhoods do not have an official status, questions can arise as to where one neighbourhood begins and another ends. Many cities use districts and wards as official divisions of the city, rather than traditional neighbourhood boundaries. ZIP Code boundaries and post office names also sometimes reflect neighbourhood identities. Julia Morgan Morgan

3528-529: The following personal tribute: “distinguished alumna of the University of California, artist and engineer; designer of simple dwellings and of stately homes, of great buildings nobly planned to further the centralized activities of her fellow citizens; architect in whose works harmony and admirable proportions bring pleasure to the eye and peace to the mind.” Intrigued with the gaps in Julia Morgan's life story, Belinda Taylor, wrote Becoming Julia Morgan ,

3600-585: The functions of the city tend to be distributed naturally—that is, without any theoretical preoccupation or political direction—into neighborhoods." Most of the earliest cities around the world as excavated by archaeologists have evidence for the presence of social neighbourhoods. Historical documents shed light on neighbourhood life in numerous historical preindustrial or nonwestern cities. Neighbourhoods are typically generated by social interaction among people living near one another. In this sense they are local social units larger than households not directly under

3672-431: The neighbourhood as a small-scale democracy , regulated primarily by ideas of reciprocity among neighbours. Neighbourhoods have been the site of service delivery or "service interventions" in part as efforts to provide local, quality services, and to increase the degree of local control and ownership. Alfred Kahn, as early as the mid-1970s, described the "experience, theory and fads" of neighbourhood service delivery over

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3744-886: The next two decades. Morgan also designed the Margaret Carnegie Library (1906), named after Andrew Carnegie 's daughter, and the Ming Quong Home for Chinese girls , built in 1924 and purchased for Mills in 1936. It was eventually renamed Alderwood Hall, before becoming the Julia Morgan School for Girls in 2004 (independent of the College). Morgan designed the Mills College Student Union in 1916. Morgan's Kapiolani Cottage has served as an infirmary, faculty housing, and administration offices. Morgan also designed

3816-416: The opportunity to design numerous homes, churches, offices, and educational facilities. An important project was the redesign of the landmark Fairmont Hotel in San Francisco after its interior was severely damaged by fire after the earthquake of 1906. She was chosen because of her then-rare knowledge of earthquake-resistant , reinforced concrete construction. Her work on restoring the Fairmont in less than

3888-510: The original gymnasium and pool, since replaced by the Tea Shop and Suzanne Adams Plaza, the first reinforced concrete structure on the west coast. From 1922 to 1925, Julia Morgan was enlisted to design a nursing home to house elderly women in San Francisco. Today the building is home to Heritage on the Marina , San Francisco’s premier Life Plan Community. The beautiful Julia Morgan building

3960-479: The penultimate set of steps in the series and are severely steep. Arden Steps and Arden Path meet at the cul-de-sac of Arden Road where Arden Path finishes the series with a sloping path and a final series up two dozen wooden steps. A plaque at the entrance to the Orchard Lane and thus the bottom of the hill is inscribed: "One of Berkeley's romantic treasures, Orchard Lane is the formal pedestrian entrance to

4032-571: The prior decade, including discussion of income transfers and poverty. Neighbourhoods, as a core aspect of community, also are the site of services for youth, including children with disabilities and coordinated approaches to low-income populations. While the term neighbourhood organisation is not as common in 2015, these organisations often are non-profit, sometimes grassroots or even core funded community development centres or branches. Community and economic development activists have pressured for reinvestment in local communities and neighbourhoods. In

4104-790: The site of the MacArthur Park Restaurant Some of her residential projects, most of them located in the San Francisco Bay Area , are ultimate bungalows . The style is often associated with the work of Greene and Greene and some of Morgan's other contemporaries and teachers. The buildings represent the Arts and Crafts Movement and the American Craftsman style of architecture. Several houses are on San Francisco's Russian Hill . She lived further west in SF. One of Morgan’s first residential project

4176-498: The time. For example, a speaker at the dedication ceremony praised El Campanil for being "reared by the genius of a woman's brain." Morgan's reputation grew when the tower was unscathed by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . The bells in the tower "were cast for the World's Columbian Exposition (Chicago-1893), and given to Mills by a trustee". This success led to Morgan becoming the unofficial principal architect for Mills College for

4248-670: The top 30, the examiners "arbitrarily lowered" her marks. After more than a year of further study, tutored by François-Benjamin Chaussemiche , a winner of the Prix de Rome , she finally passed the entrance exams in the Architecture Program, placing 13th out of 376 applicants, and was duly admitted. However, she could study only until her 30th birthday, as the school prohibited older scholars. In early 1902, as her birthday approached, Morgan submitted an outstanding design for

4320-448: The École des Beaux Arts. After that she mostly avoided interviews and only agreed to articles that focused on her work to advance her reputation. She worked tirelessly on minimal sleep and food. Morgan was very independent. During her transition to Paris she had a fund given to her by her parents for all of her first-year expenses. Even when her funds ran out, she never asked her family for any extra money, but instead learned to live on

4392-492: Was Bernard Maybeck , an architect who designed buildings that Morgan admired for their respect for the surrounding topography and environment. Maybeck mentored Morgan, along with her classmates Arthur Brown, Jr. , Edward H. Bennett and Lewis P. Hobart , in architecture at his Berkeley home. He encouraged Morgan to continue her studies at the prestigious École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris where he had distinguished himself. After graduating in 1894, Morgan gained

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4464-640: Was dedicated to her education and a professional career in architecture. She enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley , where she studied Engineering, as there was no architectural program. At the university, she was a member of the Kappa Alpha Theta sorority and was often the only woman in her math, science, and engineering courses. She attended Berkeley during a time of growth for women's involvement which took place between 1889 and 1891, when women were founding clubs and gaining access to new spaces and extracurriculars. Morgan helped to create

4536-577: Was likewise greatly impressed and, after his mother's death, retained Morgan to design what would become the biggest and most famous project of her career, Hearst Castle . Julia Morgan’s involvement with the Hearst family continued for three generations. Her first project was commissioned by the family in 1902, when she returned from the Ecole. Her first commission by the family was Phoebe Apperson Hearst 's Hacienda at Pleasanton. Morgan's most famous patron

4608-657: Was named in her honor. In 1999, a Mediterranean Revival residence originally built in 1918 for Charles Goethe of Sacramento was renamed the Julia Morgan House . It was earlier added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. In 2006, a children's picture book titled Julia Morgan Built a Castle was published and is available in many public libraries. On May 28, 2008, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced that Julia Morgan would be inducted into

4680-479: Was never married and had no known romantic relationships. She kept a low profile and lived modestly, in spite of her wealthy clientele. Colleagues and acquaintances were surprised by her modest sense of fashion, a coworker even went as far as saying that Morgan dressed like a "nobody." Morgan gave few interviews and did not write about herself. Early interviews used gendered rhetoric to speak about her accomplishments and early newspaper articles followed her progress at

4752-516: Was prone to ear infections throughout her adult life. Upon the death of Albert Parmelee in July 1880, and Julia's grandmother moved into the Oakland house, bringing with her the Parmelee wealth. Both Julia's mother and grandmother provided strong female role models, who because of their wealth had a strong degree of power in the Morgan household. Morgan graduated from Oakland High School in 1890. She

4824-701: Was restored in 2001 by the Chinese Historical Society of America (CHSA), and now houses the Chinese Historical Society of America Museum and Learning Center. Morgan made many architectural contributions to Mills College, a women's college in the East Bay foothills of Oakland, California. Like her work for the YWCA, they were done in the hopes of advancing opportunities for women. Mills president Susan Mills became interested in Morgan in 1904 because she wished to further

4896-731: Was supervising the University of California Master Plan . Morgan worked on several buildings on the Berkeley campus, providing the decorative elements for the Hearst Mining Building and an early proposal for Sather Gate . She was the primary designer for the Hearst Greek Theatre , UC Berkeley's amphitheater that overlooks the San Francisco Bay. Howard told a colleague that Morgan was "an excellent draftsman whom I have to pay almost nothing, as it

4968-440: Was the first woman to be admitted to the architecture program at l'École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris and the first woman architect licensed in California. She designed many edifices for institutions serving women and girls, including a number of buildings for the Young Women's Christian Association ( YWCA ) and Mills College . In many of her structures, Morgan pioneered the aesthetic use of reinforced concrete ,

5040-505: Was the newspaper magnate and antiquities collector William Randolph Hearst , who had been introduced to Morgan by his mother Phoebe Apperson Hearst, the chief patron of the University of California at Berkeley . It is believed that this introduction led to Morgan's first downstate commission by Hearst for the design of the Los Angeles Examiner Building (circa 1914), a Mission revival style project that included contributions by Los Angeles architects William J. Dodd and J. Martyn Haenkel. It

5112-482: Was the role of rural to urban migration. This was a continual process in preindustrial cities, and migrants tended to move in with relatives and acquaintances from their rural past. Neighbourhood sociology is a subfield of urban sociology which studies local communities Neighbourhoods are also used in research studies from postal codes and health disparities , to correlations with school drop out rates or use of drugs. Some attention has also been devoted to viewing

5184-710: Was to remodel and complete Phoebe Hearst’s Hacienda del Pozo de Verona in Pleasanton, California, in Mediterranean and California Mission style. In 1908, Morgan designed the residence of James Henry Pierce at 1650 The Alameda in San Jose, which features rare California timber. Morgan designed two houses in Monterey County, California . One, designed by Morgan in 1915, is the "Little Cottage of River Winds" at 26184 Carmelo Street at Carmel Point , outside

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