23-612: The Parker Cleaveland House is a historic house at 75 Federal Street in Brunswick, Maine . It was the home, from 1806 to 1858, of Parker Cleaveland (1780–1858), a mineralogist and a professor at nearby Bowdoin College . While he was a professor at Bowdoin College, Cleaveland conducted some of the earliest studies of mineralogy in the United States. His 1816 work Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology , which included
46-611: A number of historic districts recognized on the National Register of Historic Places : The book Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe while she was living in Brunswick, during the time that her husband was a professor at Bowdoin. She got a key vision for the book in the First Parish Church. A scene in the 1993 movie The Man Without a Face was filmed in the town. According to
69-458: A volume on types and localities of American minerals, became the standard textbook on the subject in American higher education and the model for future mineralogy scholarship and publications. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark in 2000 for its association with Cleaveland. It is now owned by Bowdoin College, and serves as
92-536: A year later, he arrived on September 11, 1690, with 300 men at Casco Bay. He went up the Androscoggin River to Fort Pejepscot (present day Brunswick, Maine). From there he went 40 miles (64 km) upriver and attacked a native village. Three or four native men were shot in retreat. When Church discovered five captive settlers in the wigwams, six or seven prisoners were butchered as an example, and nine prisoners were taken. A few days later, in retaliation,
115-767: Is also a contributing resource to the Federal Street Historic District , an area of well-preserved 19th-century houses in Brunswick. Massachusetts Hall at Bowdoin College is also listed on the National Register in part because of its associations with Cleaveland. Brunswick, Maine Brunswick is a town in Cumberland County, Maine , United States. Brunswick is included in the Lewiston-Auburn , Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population
138-593: Is the last remaining of the town's formerly twenty-six one-room schoolhouses. Brunswick's sister city is Trinidad, Cuba . The town is served by Interstate 295 , U.S. Routes 1 and 201 , and Maine State Route 24 , Maine State Route 123 and Maine State Route 196 . Amtrak 's Downeaster train service terminates at Brunswick Maine Street Station and connects the town to the Portland Transportation Center and Boston's North Station . Greater Portland Metro provides several trips
161-483: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 54.34 square miles (140.74 km ), of which 46.73 square miles (121.03 km ) is land and 7.61 square miles (19.71 km ) is water. Brunswick is located at the north end of Casco Bay , as well as the head of tide and head of navigation on the Androscoggin River . As of 2000, the median income for a household in the town
184-429: The census-designated place of Brunswick . The population density was 433.9 inhabitants per square mile (167.5/km ). There were 9,599 housing units at an average density of 205.4 per square mile (79.3/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 93.0% White , 1.7% African American , 0.3% Native American , 2.1% Asian , 0.5% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of
207-581: The area was called by its Indian name, Pejepscot , meaning "the long, rocky rapids part [of the river]". In 1639, Purchase placed his settlement under protection of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . During King Philip's War in 1676, Pejepscot was burned and abandoned, although a garrison called Fort Andros was built on the ruins during King William's War . During the war, in Major Benjamin Church 's second expedition
230-442: The company in 1890 persuaded the town to move Maine Street. Principal employers for Brunswick include L.L. Bean , Bath Iron Works , as well as companies that produce fiberglass construction material and electrical switches. A number of health services providers serving Maine's mid-coast area are located in Brunswick. The former Naval Air Station Brunswick was a major employer in Brunswick prior to its closure. Brunswick has
253-429: The first American volume on mineralogy, and the first published anywhere to include descriptions of North American specimens. His expanded second edition became an internationally recognized authority on the subject, and set the standard for later works on the subject. His home, where he died in 1858, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 2000. The house
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#1732779918542276-489: The house eventually forced Cleaveland to sell the house to the college, which first leased it back to him, and then allowed him to live in it rent-free until his death in 1858. It was then purchased from the college by Cleaveland's son-in-law, Peleg Chandler, and it remained in the Chandler family until 1951. The house was reacquired by the college, and now serves as the official residence of its president. Parker Cleaveland
299-640: The natives attacked Church at Cape Elizabeth on Purpooduc Point, killing seven of his men and wounding 24 others. On September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth brought peace to the region between the Abenaki Indians and the English colonists. In 1714, a consortium from Boston and Portsmouth bought the land, thereafter called the Pejepscot purchase . The Massachusetts General Court constituted
322-441: The population. There were 8,469 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 44.7% were married couples living together; 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present; 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present; and 42.3% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
345-424: The president's house. The Cleaveland House is a two-story wood-frame structure with a hip roof and a granite foundation. It is a typical connected homestead, with a rear ell connected to a carriage house via an open garage. Its main facade, facing west, is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by pilasters and topped by a semi-elliptical fanlight louver and entablature with cornice. A secondary entrance on
368-448: The south-facing facade has a small hood. The interior has fairly typical middle-class woodwork of the period, with the finest elements found in the central hall and the northwest parlor. The connecting ell is a 1950s-60s replacement for an older ell. The house was built in 1805-06 by a local master builder, Samuel Melcher, for Parker Cleaveland , who had arrived in 1805 to begin his long career at Bowdoin College . The size and scope of
391-572: The township in 1717, naming it "Brunswick" in honor of the House of Brunswick and its scion, King George I . A stone fort called Fort George was built in 1715 near the falls. But during Dummer's War on July 13, 1722, Abenaki warriors from Norridgewock burned the village. Consequently, Governor Samuel Shute declared war on the Abenakis. In 1724, 208 English colonial militia left Fort Richmond and sacked Norridgewock during Dummer's War . Brunswick
414-433: Was $ 40,402; and the median income for a family was $ 49,088. Males had a median income of $ 32,141 versus $ 24,927 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 20,322. About 5.0% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,175 people, 7,183 households, and 6,498 families residing in
437-509: Was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the town was 41.4 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. The Brunswick School Department operates the town's public schools, including: Other local educational institutions include: The Growstown School , on Woodside Road,
460-961: Was 21,756 at the 2020 United States Census. Part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area , Brunswick is home to Bowdoin College , the Bowdoin International Music Festival , the Bowdoin College Museum of Art , the Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum , and the Maine State Music Theatre . It was formerly home to the U.S. Naval Air Station Brunswick , which was permanently closed on May 31, 2011, and has since been partially released to redevelopment as "Brunswick Landing". Settled in 1628 by Thomas Purchase and other fishermen ,
483-570: Was born in Massachusetts , educated at Dummer Academy and Harvard College , and taught briefly at Harvard before he was hired by Bowdoin as a professor of math and natural philosophy. Cleaveland expanded the curriculum to include chemistry and mineralogy , and it is in this area that he made his greatest impact. Although he was not educated in the study of minerals, this became his major area of research, and in 1818 published his groundbreaking Elementary Treatise on Mineralogy and Geology ,
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#1732779918542506-630: Was rebuilt again in 1727, and in 1739 incorporated as a town. It became a prosperous seaport , where Bowdoin College was chartered in 1794. The Androscoggin River falls in three successive stages for a total vertical drop of 41 feet (12 m), providing water power for industry . Brunswick became a major producer of lumber , with as many as 25 sawmills . Some of the lumber went into shipbuilding . Other firms produced paper , soap , flour , marble and granite work, carriages and harness , plows , furniture , shoes and confections . The town
529-687: Was site of the first cotton mill in Maine, the Brunswick Cotton Manufactory Company, built in 1809 to make yarn . Purchased in 1812, the mill was enlarged by the Maine Cotton & Woolen Factory Company. In 1857, the Cabot Manufacturing Company was established to make cotton textiles . It bought the failed Worumbo Mill and expanded the brick factory along the falls. Needing even more room,
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