Misplaced Pages

#142857

60-534: Pasifika New Zealanders (also called Pacific Peoples ) are a pan-ethnic group of New Zealanders associated with, and descended from, the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Islands (also known as Pacific Islanders ) outside of New Zealand itself. They form the fourth-largest ethnic grouping in the country, after European descendants , indigenous Māori , and Asian New Zealanders . Over 380,000 people identify as being of Pacific origin, representing 8% of

120-563: A 2019 Pew Research Center study found that 46 percent of white Americans believed national majority-minority demography would negatively impact American culture . There has also been study on groupings said to have 'old' and 'new' majority-minority status in specific areas. In research funded by the EU's Framework Programmes , a 2015 study explored this difference, finding that, for example, ethnic Austrians living in South Tyrol manifest

180-433: A big role in the labeling of panethnic groups. They often enact policies that deal with specific groups of people, and panethnic groups are one way to group large numbers of people. Public policy might dole out resources or make deals with multiple groups, viewing them all as one large entity. Panethnic labels are often, though not always, created and employed by outsiders of the group that is being defined panethnically. In

240-577: A culture which tends to oblige ethnic Italians to learn the German language for advancement in the province, such as access to the administration of local government. This was contrasted with 'new' immigration-derived majority-minority populaces in Europe. In the United States, the vast majority of African Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans attend schools where white Americans are in

300-434: A larger share of the population than Whites in dozens of major cities (e.g., Vancouver and New York ). These cities have been dubbed majority-minority areas—or places where the racial/ethnic majority comprise less than half the population (Frey, 2011; Jedwab, 2016). Western Europe is also becoming more diverse, albeit more slowly (Browne, 2000). London, England is one of the few major European cities that has been designated

360-462: A majority of Australia's population overall (58% estimated in 2018 ). When considered as one group, European Australians make up 57.2% of the population (including 46% North-West European and 11.2% Southern and Eastern European ). (This figure excludes those who nominate their ancestry as simply "Australian", who are therefore categorised as part of the Oceanian ancestry group.) Reflecting

420-682: A majority–minority area. Based upon the UK's Office for National Statistics racial or ethnic categorization, demographic research suggests that Leicester and Birmingham will each join London in majority minority status in the 2020s. University of Antwerp 's professor Dirk Geldof, writing in 2016, noted that "within a matter of years, Antwerp will also become a majority-minority city, as will many other European cities ." An education inclusion project at Hague University published that; "In superdiverse cities like Paris , The Hague and Brussels there

480-528: A minority in Pustec , while Greeks comprise a majority in Finiq and Dropull . Majority-minority municipalities by province, and percentage of non-European population: British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Quebec In the United States of America, majority-minority area or minority-majority area is a term describing a U.S. state or jurisdiction whose population

540-581: A multicultural and urban lifestyle. As these houses were purchased, the available rental stock plummeted, and Pasifika families who tended to rent more began to relocate to suburbs further out from the city centre. The Pasifika populations in Ponsonby and Freemans Bay peaked in 1976. Grey Lynn continued to have a large Pasifika population (particularly Samoan ) until the mid-1980s. The umbrella term Pasifika , meaning "Pacific" in Polynesian languages ,

600-497: A particular Pacific nation and their descendants – are Samoan New Zealanders (182,721 people), Tongan New Zealanders (82,389), Cook Island Māori (80,532), and Niueans (30,867). In 1993, Samoan-born Taito Phillip Field became the first Pasifika member of parliament (MP), when he won the Otara electorate seat for Labour . Field was joined in 1996 by Samoan politicians Mark Gosche and Arthur Anae (the first Pasifika MP from

660-620: A percentage-share majority of the local population, outnumbering the historically dominant group as a composite of diverse minority groups. Whether distinctions between groups are religious, ethnic, linguistic or racial; these different forms of majority-minority scenarios, or areas, tend to contribute towards different socio-political and cultural environments. For example, a study of the 2006 European Social Survey found that people of localized majority-minority status across 21 EU countries were more supportive of stronger political European integration than existing national native majorities, and

SECTION 10

#1732765894143

720-871: A phenomenon in Amsterdam with immigration from Surinam and from Curaçao , right after World War II . In the 1970 and 80s, second-generation black Dutch students with ancestry from the Netherlands Antilles , were joined in classes by the children of workers emigrating from Turkey and Morocco , creating ethnic Dutch minorities in some schools within the country's capital. In a 2020 study of school classes in European cities, research on Turks in Austria and Belgium found that "a 'majority minority' school environment may empower minority group members so that relative numbers would protect them from becoming

780-586: A professor of demography at the University of Oxford , estimates that by 2060 the United Kingdom will reach majority-minority status (where the "white British" ethnic group is taken to be the current "majority", excluding "white Irish", "other white" and "mixed" groups). In the developing world , the South American nation of Brazil has been described as a majority-minority country. This

840-513: A whole country, is not well defined and may not be consistent between different users of the terms. A multitude of scholars have designated countries, or sovereign states, particularly in the developed or Western world , which are projected to obtain majority-minority demography between 2040 and 2050. This includes the United States, Canada and New Zealand, with Australia , and nations in Western Europe , estimated to follow this trend toward

900-440: Is a term used to refer to a subdivision in which one or more racial, ethnic, and/or religious minorities (relative to the whole country's population) make up a majority of the local population. The exact terminology used differs from place to place and language to language. In many large, contiguous countries like China , there are many autonomous regions where a minority population is the majority. These regions are generally

960-590: Is because of Buddhism's origins in India, but the religion has "practically died out" in South Asia. Although the panethnic term refers to Americans of East Asian, South Asian, and Southeast Asian ancestry, "Asian American" is usually synonymous for people of East Asian ancestry and or appearance, which has caused some to highlight the general exclusion of South Asians and Southeast Asians. Majority minority A majority-minority or minority-majority area

1020-649: Is commonly speculated however that the majority of the "Australian" ancestry group have some ancestral origin from the British Isles, and as a result when people with ethnic origin in the British Isles are considered as a single group (" Anglo-Celtic Australians "), the numbers for the "Australian" ancestry group is added to that of the English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish ethnic groups, as well as (sometimes) Manx Australians and Cornish Australians . When "Anglo-Celtic" ethnic groups are considered together, they make up

1080-600: Is composed of less than 50% non-Hispanic whites . White Hispanic and Latino Americans are excluded in many definitions. Racial data is derived from self-identification questions on the U.S. census and on U.S. Census Bureau estimates. (See Race and ethnicity in the United States census ). The term is often used in voting rights law to designate voting districts which are altered under the Voting Rights Act to enable ethnic or language minorities "the opportunity to elect their candidate of choice." In that context,

1140-601: Is no majority anymore. These are so-called majority minority cities". According to a study at the European Commission 's research repository CORDIS : In cities like Amsterdam , now only one in three youngsters under age fifteen is of native descent. This situation, referred to as a majority-minority context, is a new phenomenon in Western Europe and it presents itself as one of the most important societal and psychological transformations of our time. In

1200-484: Is no single majority ethnic group. It is rare for any non-Anglo-Celtic and non-Indigenous ethnic group to make up a majority in a suburb. For example, in the 2016 census, in the Sydney metropolitan area, Chinese people in the suburbs Burwood and Hurstville made up just over 50% of the population (although reports of Chinese ancestry are less than 50% of all ancestries reported in the census in each suburb, as each person

1260-494: Is permitted to nominate more than one ancestry). However, by the 2021 census the Chinese-ancestry population in both suburbs had dropped below 50%. Chinese Australians make up 5.6% of the national population, making them the fifth largest ancestry group overall (after the English, Australian, Scottish and Irish ancestry groups). Brazil has become a majority "non-White" country as of the 2010 census, together with

SECTION 20

#1732765894143

1320-403: Is to be distinguished from " pan-nationalism ", which similarly groups related ethnicities but in the context of either ethnic nationalism (e.g. pan-Arabism , pan-Celticism , pan-Germanism , pan-Indianism , pan-Iranism , pan-Slavism , pan-Turkism ) or civic nationalism (e.g. pan-Africanism ). Panethnicity has allowed Asian Americans to unite based on similar historical relations with

1380-938: Is usually a corresponding difference in ethnicity, whether related in a central or peripheral way, to said distinctions. For instance, there are examples of this throughout Europe . Where racial distinctions are made, this is most often in relation to white people , and most usually in European nations or nations derived from European colonialism , such as Brazil or the United States. Other countries, such as Australia, do not collect statistics based on racial categories such as "white people" or "black people", preferring to categorise ancestries by reference to self-identified country of ancestral origin, such as "English", "German" or "Australian". Where religion does not significantly influence designations of majority minority labels, certain cultural and linguistic differences may be emphasized in that particular society, such as in South Tyrol . Whereas

1440-433: Is with regards to white Brazilians being the historically largest group, and while remaining culturally dominant, have since become a national minority. There are multiple axis points of difference, and distinction, between groupings of people that can contribute towards the attribution of majority-minority status upon a particular area or within a societal scenario. With cultural, linguistic or religious differences, there

1500-426: The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act have accelerated the expansion of the identity. At the time of the 2000 US census , 88% of Asian America was made up of six Asian ethnicities: Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Indian, and Vietnamese. The use of "Asian American" as a panethnic racial label is often criticized, due to the term only encompassing some of the diverse peoples of Asia , and for grouping together

1560-532: The 2013 census . Some of the increase between the 2013 and 2018 census was due to Statistics New Zealand starting to add ethnicity data from other sources (previous censuses, administrative data, and imputation) to the census data to reduce the number of non-responses. The median age of Pasifika New Zealanders was 24.9 years, compared to 38.1 years for all New Zealanders; 136,077 people (30.4%) were aged under 15 years, 123,828 (28.0%) were 15 to 29, 156,534 (35.4%) were 30 to 64, and 26,193 (5.9%) were 65 or older. At

1620-610: The Islamic religiosity of Albanians and Christianity of Serbians, as well as the ethno-linguistic considerations of the Albanian language and Serbian language . When majority minority status is designated or predicted in terms of racial groups, many scholarly and journalistic works make this distinction with reference to white people . Based upon nation-based racial classifications, academics Eric Kaufmann and Matthew Goodwin have suggested that white people will be minorities in

1680-461: The Kaikōura district had the lowest concentration at 1.0%, with the neighbouring Hurunui district having the second-lowest concentration at 1.3%. According to responses to the 2018 census, 91.6% of Pacific Peoples spoke English, and 37.8% spoke two languages. At the 2018 census, 59.4% of Pasifika reported belonging to a single ethnic group. The largest Pacific Peoples ethnic groups – immigrants from

1740-637: The Manukau ward since 2010, and Efeso Collins in 2016, replacing Anae's for the Manukau ward. In 2022, Collins unsuccessfully ran for the 2022 Auckland mayoral election . Collins entered parliament in 2023 as a member of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand , serving until his death in February 2024. Pan-ethnic It has since seen some use as a replacement of the term race ; for example,

1800-621: The National Party ), and by Winnie Laban in 1999. In 2008, Field left the Labour Party and formed the New Zealand Pacific Party , a short-lived political party aimed at representing conservative Christian Pasifika communities. For the 2008 New Zealand general election , Samoan-born Sam Lotu-Iiga was elected as MP for Maungakiekie , and was joined by Labour list MPs William Sio and Carmel Sepuloni , who

1860-542: The United States (such as - in some cases - US military presence in their native countries). The Asian American panethnic identity has evolved to become a means for immigrant groups such as Asian Americans to unite in order to gain political strength in numbers. Similarly, one can speak of a "panethnic European American category". The term "American" has become one of the more widespread panethnic concepts. Mainstream institutions and political policies often play

Pasifika New Zealanders - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-536: The federative units of Espírito Santo , the Federal District , Goiás , and Minas Gerais . Those identifying as White declined to 47.7% (about 91 million people) in the 2010 census from 52.9% (about 93 million people) in 2000 in the entire country. However, in Brazil, this is not simply a matter of origin and birthrate, but identity changes as well. The Black minority did not enlarge its representation in

1980-540: The 1970s, governments (both Labour and National ), migration officials, and special police squads targeted Pasifika illegal overstayers. Pacific Studies academic Dr Melani Anae describes the Dawn Raids as "the most blatantly racist attack on Pacific peoples by the New Zealand government in New Zealand's history". Immigrant Pasifika families settled in the inner city suburbs of Auckland and other major cities in

2040-519: The 2018 census, there were 191,391 males and 190,254 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.006 males per female. The majority of Pasifika were born in New Zealand: 66.4% at the 2018 census, up from 62.3% at the 2013 census and 60.0% at the 2006 census. In terms of population distribution as at the 2023 census, 275,079 (62.1%) Pasifika New Zealanders lived in the Auckland region, 126,678 (28.6%) live in

2100-621: The North Island outside the Auckland region, and 40,845 (9.2%) live in the South Island. The Māngere-Ōtāhuhu local board area of Auckland had a majority Pasifika population at 60.4%, with the next highest concentrations in the nearby Ōtara-Papatoetoe local board area (48.7%) and Manurewa local board area (39.9%). Porirua City had the highest concentration of Pacific people outside of Auckland at 26.5%. The lowest concentrations of Pasifika New Zealanders are in northern Canterbury :

2160-698: The United States, Canada and New Zealand, in what they define as "the ‘majority-minority’ point", by approximately 2050. While majority-minority status for Catholics in areas of Northern Ireland, in contrast with historical Protestant majorities across the territory as a whole, can be described to be based on religion; there are ethno-linguistic factors (such as Irish -speaking Catholics and English -speaking Protestants), as well as broader overlapping factors of ethnicity (Catholic Gaels and Protestant people of mainly English , Scottish and Huguenot descent) which can contribute toward religiously defined majority minority attribution. Albania • Macedonians are

2220-474: The aforementioned Asian Americans can be described as "a panethnicity" of various unrelated peoples of Asia , which are nevertheless perceived as a distinguishable group within the larger multiracial North American society. More recently the term has also come to be used in contexts outside multiculturalism in US society, as a general replacement for terms like ethnolinguistic group or racial group. The concept

2280-497: The case of the Asian American movement of the 1960s and 1970s, the panethnic label "Asian American" was not created by outsiders; rather, it was coined by professor Yuji Ichioka and his spouse, Emma Gee , in order to consolidate Asian activists that they had seen at various political demonstrations of the time. The manner in which the two garnered support for the alliance sheds light on the expressly panethnic approach that

2340-710: The country's population, with the majority residing in Auckland . Prior to the Second World War Pasifika in New Zealand numbered only a few hundred. Wide-scale Pasifika migration to New Zealand began in the 1950s and 1960s, typically from countries associated with the Commonwealth and the Realm of New Zealand , including Western Samoa (modern-day Samoa), the Cook Islands and Niue . In

2400-507: The country, when middle-class Pākehā families were tending to move outwards to newer, more distant suburbs. Pasifika immigrants also tended to replace Urban Māori in central suburbs. By the mid-1970s, gentrification became an issue for Pasifika communities in Auckland. The cheap housing found in Ponsonby and other inner city Auckland suburbs were attractive to Pākehā young professionals, especially socially liberal families searching for

2460-557: The course of two generations places in Northwestern Europe , such as Amsterdam and Brussels , have become majority minority, with ethnic Dutch , Flemings and Walloons , respectively, representing less than 50 percent of the population of the capitals. In 2010, the BBC reported that "America's two largest states - California and Texas - became "majority-minority" states (with an overall minority population outnumbering

Pasifika New Zealanders - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-470: The diversity of ancestries at the national level, in most Australian towns and suburbs, no single ancestry group constitutes a majority of the population. In many places, if the "Australians" ancestry group is counted as part of an "Anglo-Celtic" ethnic group together with English, Scottish, Welsh and Irish Australians, this group constitutes a majority of the local population. However, in many other places, even when these ancestry groups are counted as one, there

2580-408: The end of the century. In this usage, "majority-minority" usually means that a previously majority group becomes a plurality group, less than 50% of the population but still larger than any other group. Occasionally, it may mean a change of the majority group, with the previously majority group becoming a minority group and a previously minority group becoming the new majority group. This will not be

2640-548: The first time that the status of majority ethnic group has changed in these countries: it is estimated that Australia became a "majority-minority" country in the 1840s, when arriving Europeans first outnumbered Indigenous Australians . New Zealand became "majority-minority" slightly later, with non-Māori first outnumbering the Māori population around 1858. David Coleman has studied a similar statistical projection in Britain. Coleman,

2700-602: The largest cohort of Pasifika MPs entering parliament: Terisa Ngobi , Barbara Edmonds , Tangi Utikere , Neru Leavasa for the Labour Party, and the first Pasifika MP from the Green Party , Teanau Tuiono . 2023 saw Efeso Collins , formerly a member of the Auckland Council , joining as a member of the Green Party. The Auckland Council has had three Pasifika councillors since its founding in 2010: Alf Filipaina and former National MP Arthur Anae representing

2760-430: The largest single ethnic group by ancestry, being reported by 36.1% of the population in the 2016 census. The next largest ancestry group is "Australian", at 33.5%. As ancestry is self-reported and each person can nominate two ancestries (and through a separate question report whether they identify as Indigenous Australian), there is no certainty as to the ethnic make-up of the ancestry group who identify as "Australian". It

2820-682: The majority of residents in the northern Italian province are ethnic Austrians and speak the German language (in comparison with the Italian -speaking ethnic Italian majority of the broader nation), the population's adherence to Roman Catholicism is similar to the rest of the country. Kosovo has a history of being a majority-minority area via the historic borders of Serbia in the 20th century, and prior to its independence declaration. While this phenomenon may predominantly be observed to be ethnicity-based (upon distinctions between ethnic Albanians and ethnic Serbs ), contributing factors involve

2880-403: The minority. 2006 research from The Civil Rights Project found that, on average, white students attend schools that are 78% white, while black and Hispanic students attend schools which are 29% white. A study on this suggested that; "This data is important because "majority minority" schools have the worst facilities (buildings, labs, libraries, athletic facilities), the least qualified teachers,

2940-531: The population to more than 1.5% in the period, while it was mostly the growth in the number of pardo people (~38% in 2000, 42.4% in 2010) that caused the demographic plurality of Brazil. Afro-Colombians make up roughly about 10–12% of country's overall population, but make up a majority in many areas in the Colombia's Pacific region , especially in Chocó Department , where they make up 80–90% of

3000-569: The population. The state-level jurisdiction with the highest proportion of Indigenous Australians is the Northern Territory , where people of Indigenous ancestry make up 30.3% of the population, the largest single ethnic group by reported ancestry (although a smaller proportion, 25.5%, identify as Indigenous). Of the other ethnic groups in Australia, no single ethnic group constitutes a majority overall. English Australians make up

3060-454: The population." In Europe, various national medias report on the social situation in the French suburbs with regards to disproportionate poverty and unrest. Known as banlieues , these outer-city regions across France are often majority-minority areas, in terms of race or ethnicity in relation to the ethnic French . The meaning of "majority-minority" or "minority-majority", in relation to

SECTION 50

#1732765894143

3120-438: The racially and culturally different South Asians with East Asians as the same "race". Americans of West Asian descent, such as Iranian, Israeli, Armenian, and many Arab nationalities, are notably excluded from the term despite West Asia being geographically part of Asia. As well as West Asians having racial and cultural similarities with South Asians. The common justification for grouping together South Asians and East Asians

3180-475: The result of historical population distributions, not because of recent immigration or recent differences in birth and fertility rates between various groups. Majority minority areas exist in two main forms. One form is when a homogeneous grouping residing within an area make up a majority of the local population. This grouping would otherwise be a minority in the broader jurisdiction. The other type occurs when several disparate groupings, when counted together, form

3240-737: The target of discrimination." Many cities in North America have majority-minority scenarios (based upon racial classifications in the US census and the census in Canada ). Since the late 20th century, areas of Northern and Western Europe have been undergoing demographic transformation resulting in majority minority cities. A 2018 study in Frontiers in Psychology analyzed: In the United States and Canada racial minorities already comprise

3300-499: The term is first used by the Supreme Court in 1977. The Court had previously used the term in employment discrimination and labor relations cases. It is estimated that Europeans first outnumbered Indigenous Australians in Australia in the 1840s. There are still a number of rural and regional towns and communities where Indigenous Australians outnumber Europeans, but nationally Indigenous Australians constitute only 3.3% of

3360-498: The white majority) in 1998 and 2004 respectively." Demographers Dudley L. Poston Jr. and Rogelio Sáenz have noted how "nonwhites account for more than half of the populations of Hawaii , the District of Columbia , California, New Mexico , Texas and Nevada . In the next 10 to 15 years, these half-dozen “majority-minority” states will likely be joined by as many as eight other states where whites now make up less than 60 percent of

3420-461: The worst overcrowding, and the least financial support." In regards to racial classification at a national level, public schools in the US obtained majority minority status in 2014. At the university level, Harvard University 's first case of a majority-minority freshman class was reported in 2017. In the Netherlands , majority-minority schools emerged in the post-war period, starting as

3480-581: Was at the core of this new Asian American identity: they went through the roster of the Peace and Freedom Party , a majority white anti-war organization that was protesting the Vietnam War at the time, and telephoned all the individuals they could find with "Asian" surnames. Though the Asian American identity was initially not inclusive of many Asian ethnicities, new waves of Asian immigrants since

3540-544: Was first used by government agencies in New Zealand in the 1980s to describe all migrants from the Pacific islands and their descendants. There were 442,632 people identifying as being part of the Pacific Peoples ethnic group at the 2023 New Zealand census , making up 8.9% of New Zealand's population. This is an increase of 60,990 people (16.0%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 146,691 people (49.6%) since

3600-612: Was the first MP of Tongan heritage. In 2010, Kris Faafoi entered parliament by winning the 2010 Mana by-election , becoming the first MP of Tokelauan descent. In 2011, Alfred Ngaro became the first MP of Cook Island descent by winning the Maungakiekie electorate. Further Pasifika MPs entered parliament in the 2010s: Asenati Taylor for New Zealand First (2011), Christchurch East MP Poto Williams (2013), Manukau East MP Jenny Salesa (2014) and Anahila Kanongata'a-Suisuiki (2017). The 2020 New Zealand general election saw

#142857