44-736: The Pejepscot Proprietors was a company of land investors who colonized the current towns of Brunswick , Topsham and Harpswell, Maine , between 1715 and 1814. The area known as Pejepscot, Maine , was first inhabited by the Wabanaki Native Americans . During the European colonization of the Americas , the first settler was Thomas Purchase , settling on the banks of the Androscoggin River in Brunswick, at
88-613: A day between the Portland Transportation Center and Brunswick Maine Street Station with its Metro Breez bus service. A local bus service is provided by Brunswick Link . Cape Elizabeth, Maine Cape Elizabeth is a town in Cumberland County , Maine , United States. The town is part of the Portland – South Portland – Biddeford , Maine, metropolitan statistical area . As of
132-551: A deed from the Plymouth Company in 1632 for the land. Purchase moved to Boston after a raid on his house during King Philip's War and the land was bought by Richard Wharton on October 10, 1683. After Wharton passed away Ephraim Savage, of Boston was given authority by the Massachusetts Superior Court to sell the land in order to liquidate Wharton's debts. On September 5, 1714 Savage sold
176-570: A grant of 1,500 acres (6.1 km ) including the neck of land called Machegonne—now Portland . In 1643 English Parliamentarian Alexander Rigby bought the large existing Plough of Lygonia patent, which included Cape Elizabeth. The Cape Elizabeth settlement on the Fore River was known as Purpoodock. It was attacked during King Philip's War in 1675. During King William's War , in Major Benjamin Church 's second expedition
220-463: A large system of connecting non-motorized trails on most. The town itself has 923 acres of land owned or under easement protection for conservation purposes. As of the census of 2010, there were 9,015 people, 3,616 households, and 2,620 families living in the town. The population density was 613.3 inhabitants per square mile (236.8/km ). There were 3,963 housing units at an average density of 269.6 per square mile (104.1/km ). The racial makeup of
264-508: A male householder with no wife present, and 27.5% were non-families. 22.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age in the town was 46.8 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 4.5% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 17.3% were from 25 to 44; 37.3% were from 45 to 64; and 16.1% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of
308-554: A number of historic districts recognized on the National Register of Historic Places : The book Uncle Tom's Cabin was written by Harriet Beecher Stowe while she was living in Brunswick, during the time that her husband was a professor at Bowdoin. She got a key vision for the book in the First Parish Church. A scene in the 1993 movie The Man Without a Face was filmed in the town. According to
352-488: A year later on September 11, 1690, he arrived with 300 men at Casco Bay . He went up the Androscoggin River to Fort Pejepscot (present-day Brunswick, Maine ). From there he went 40 miles (64 km) upriver and attacked a native village. Three or four native men were shot while retreating; Church discovered five captive New Englanders in the wigwams; six or seven prisoners were summarily killed as an example; and nine prisoners were taken. A few days later, in retaliation,
396-533: Is elected at large on a nonpartisan basis to staggered three-year terms. The school board is also a seven-member body elected at large on a nonpartisan basis to staggered three-year terms. Town council incumbents (term expires): The school board incumbents (term expires): The Town Manager since January 30, 2017, is Matthew E. Sturgis. The Superintendent of Schools is Donna Wolfrom. Cape Elizabeth voted for all Republican presidential candidates from 1968–1988 by double digit margins, then voted Republican narrowly in
440-508: Is the "Capers". First explorations by the Kingdom of Spain set a map with the location of Cape Elizabeth, naming it "Cabo de Arrecife" in 1525. English explorer Bartholomew Gosnold arrived at Cape Elizabeth in May 1602, during his explorations of what would later be called New England . At the southern tip of the promontory, Richmond Island was visited around 1605 by Samuel de Champlain and
484-509: Is the last remaining of the town's formerly twenty-six one-room schoolhouses. Brunswick's sister city is Trinidad, Cuba . The town is served by Interstate 295 , U.S. Routes 1 and 201 , and Maine State Route 24 , Maine State Route 123 and Maine State Route 196 . Amtrak 's Downeaster train service terminates at Brunswick Maine Street Station and connects the town to the Portland Transportation Center and Boston's North Station . Greater Portland Metro provides several trips
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#1732780724488528-625: Is within Portland, Maine. The 226-acre (91 ha) Richmond Island, originally inhabited by Native Americans, then English settlers, is now uninhabited except by a small herd of sheep. Cape Elizabeth is the home of three coastal parks: Fort Williams Park , Two Lights State Park , and Crescent Beach State Park . Additionally, the Cape Elizabeth Land Trust, a private nonprofit corporation, protects 560 acres (230 ha) of land on 22 different parcels for public use, maintaining
572-548: The 2020 census , Cape Elizabeth had a population of 9,535. One of the wealthiest towns in the state, Cape Elizabeth is the location of Portland Head Light , which is the oldest lighthouse in Maine. Since 1999, it has hosted the Beach to Beacon 10K road race which starts at Crescent Beach State Park and ends at Portland Head Light. Cape Elizabeth has a single community school department. The Cape Elizabeth High School's team name
616-614: The Androscoggin River to Fort Pejepscot (present day Brunswick, Maine). From there he went 40 miles (64 km) upriver and attacked a native village. Three or four native men were shot in retreat. When Church discovered five captive settlers in the wigwams, six or seven prisoners were butchered as an example, and nine prisoners were taken. A few days later, in retaliation, the natives attacked Church at Cape Elizabeth on Purpooduc Point, killing seven of his men and wounding 24 others. On September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The 1713 Treaty of Portsmouth brought peace to
660-682: The Bowdoin College Museum of Art , the Peary–MacMillan Arctic Museum , and the Maine State Music Theatre . It was formerly home to the U.S. Naval Air Station Brunswick , which was permanently closed on May 31, 2011, and has since been partially released to redevelopment as "Brunswick Landing". Settled in 1628 by Thomas Purchase and other fishermen , the area was called by its Indian name, Pejepscot , meaning "the long, rocky rapids part [of
704-643: The Plymouth Company granted Richmond Island to Robert Trelawney and Moses Goodyear, merchants of Plymouth , England, who made it a center for fisheries and trade . By 1638, Trelawney employed 60 men in the fisheries. The first settlers on the mainland were George Cleeve and Richard Tucker, who settled in 1630 on the shore opposite the island, near the Spurwink River . They worked at planting, fishing and trading. Two years later they were driven off by John Winter, Trelawny's agent. In 1636, Sir Ferdinando Gorges , lord proprietor of Maine, gave Cleeve and Tucker
748-483: The United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 54.34 square miles (140.74 km ), of which 46.73 square miles (121.03 km ) is land and 7.61 square miles (19.71 km ) is water. Brunswick is located at the north end of Casco Bay , as well as the head of tide and head of navigation on the Androscoggin River . As of 2000, the median income for a household in the town
792-429: The census-designated place of Brunswick . The population density was 433.9 inhabitants per square mile (167.5/km ). There were 9,599 housing units at an average density of 205.4 per square mile (79.3/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 93.0% White , 1.7% African American , 0.3% Native American , 2.1% Asian , 0.5% from other races , and 2.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of
836-404: The average family size was 3.01. In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 3.7% from 18 to 24, 23.5% from 25 to 44, 30.3% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males. The median income for a household in the town
880-442: The company in 1890 persuaded the town to move Maine Street. Principal employers for Brunswick include L.L. Bean , Bath Iron Works , as well as companies that produce fiberglass construction material and electrical switches. A number of health services providers serving Maine's mid-coast area are located in Brunswick. The former Naval Air Station Brunswick was a major employer in Brunswick prior to its closure. Brunswick has
924-526: The falls. But during Dummer's War on July 13, 1722, Abenaki warriors from Norridgewock burned the village. Consequently, Governor Samuel Shute declared war on the Abenakis. In 1724, 208 English colonial militia left Fort Richmond and sacked Norridgewock during Dummer's War . Brunswick was rebuilt again in 1727, and in 1739 incorporated as a town. It became a prosperous seaport , where Bowdoin College
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#1732780724488968-428: The fort was then purchased by the town for about $ 200,000. Today, Fort Williams Park includes Portland Head Light and museum, some remains of the military fort, the ruins of Goddard Mansion, tennis courts, a baseball diamond and grandstand, and other recreation facilities. The park is maintained by the town and has a pay display parking system to assist with park repairs. According to the United States Census Bureau ,
1012-552: The land to the Pejepscot Proprietors. The first members of the proprietors included Thomas Hutchinson, Adam Winthrop, John Watts, David Jeffries, Stephen Minot, Oliver Noyes, John Ruck of Boston, Massachusetts, and John Wentworth of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The sum of the transaction was £ 140 and would be known as the Pejepscot Purchase . The Pejepscot proprietors disband after the incorporations of
1056-427: The natives attacked Church at Cape Elizabeth on Purpooduc Point, killing seven of his men and wounding 24 others. On September 26, Church returned to Portsmouth, New Hampshire . In 1703, during Queen Anne's War , the town was destroyed. It was resettled about 1719 or 1720. Cape Elizabeth became Maine's 23rd town on November 1, 1765, when it separated from Falmouth, as Portland was then known. Its first town meeting
1100-451: The oldest continually operating preschools in the greater Portland area, Ledgemere Country Day School. The school opened in 1935 and has been operating in the same location ever since, under a number of different owners. Cape Elizabeth school proposed a bill to update the schools. In November 2022 the vote was rejected as the budget was too high. Cape Elizabeth has a town council-town manager form of government. The seven-member town council
1144-408: The population. There were 3,488 households, out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 6.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.3% were non-families. 21.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and
1188-441: The population. There were 8,469 households, of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them; 44.7% were married couples living together; 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present; 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present; and 42.3% were non-families. 35.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
1232-629: The region between the Abenaki Indians and the English colonists. In 1714, a consortium from Boston and Portsmouth bought the land, thereafter called the Pejepscot purchase . The Massachusetts General Court constituted the township in 1717, naming it "Brunswick" in honor of the House of Brunswick and its scion, King George I . A stone fort called Fort George was built in 1715 near
1276-496: The river]". In 1639, Purchase placed his settlement under protection of the Massachusetts Bay Colony . During King Philip's War in 1676, Pejepscot was burned and abandoned, although a garrison called Fort Andros was built on the ruins during King William's War . During the war, in Major Benjamin Church 's second expedition a year later, he arrived on September 11, 1690, with 300 men at Casco Bay. He went up
1320-578: The site of Fort Andross and Pejepscot Falls . After the Native American wars came to a close, the proprietors acquired the land holdings from Purchase's successor, Richard Wharton, in the Maine district of the Province of Massachusetts Bay , and furthered the colonization of Maine. The first settler of Pejepscot was Thomas Purchase in 1628. After four years of occupancy, Purchase was issued
1364-675: The three towns. Brunswick, Maine Brunswick is a town in Cumberland County, Maine , United States. Brunswick is included in the Lewiston-Auburn , Maine metropolitan New England city and town area. The population was 21,756 at the 2020 United States Census. Part of the Portland-South Portland-Biddeford metropolitan area , Brunswick is home to Bowdoin College , the Bowdoin International Music Festival ,
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1408-471: The three way election of 1992, and has voted for each of the seven Democrat presidential candidates since 1996; five of them by double digits. Cape Elizabeth is served by a community newspaper, the Cape Courier . The nonprofit, biweekly paper is largely supported by volunteers, and was started by Ellen Van Fleet and Jan Soland in 1988. The Current , a weekly that began publishing in 2001, also serves
1452-482: The town center. The Cape Elizabeth School Department offices are across the street in the Cape Elizabeth Town Hall. Cape Elizabeth is home to Aucocisco School , a Special Purpose Private School specializing in students with learning disabilities. the town is also home to many preschools and day care centers. The high school had its first graduating class in 1877. Cape Elizabeth is home to one of
1496-504: The town has a total area of 45.93 square miles (118.96 km ), of which 14.70 square miles (38.07 km ) is land and 31.23 square miles (80.89 km ) is water. The nearest city is South Portland . Cape Elizabeth shares a border with South Portland to the north and Scarborough to the west. The town includes two islands. Ram Island is a small and unoccupied island southwest of Richmond Island. This should not be confused with Ram Island Ledge which contains Ram Island Ledge Light and
1540-566: The town was 48.2% male and 51.8% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 9,068 people, 3,488 households, and 2,605 families living in the town. The population density was 615.5 inhabitants per square mile (237.6/km ). There were 3,724 housing units at an average density of 252.8 per square mile (97.6/km ). The racial makeup of the town was 98% White , 0.3% African American , 0.06% Native American , 0.99% Asian , 0.06% Pacific Islander , 0.12% from other races , and 0.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of
1584-444: The town was 96.6% White , 0.5% African American , 0.2% Native American , 1.4% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.3% from other races , and 1.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population. There were 3,616 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were married couples living together, 7.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had
1628-461: Was $ 144,250 (2022). In 2000, Males had a median income of $ 61,128 versus $ 32,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 47,983. About 1.3% of families and 3.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. The Cape Elizabeth School Department consists of Elementary School, Cape Elizabeth Middle School, and Cape Elizabeth High School , all situated in one campus in
1672-433: Was $ 40,402; and the median income for a family was $ 49,088. Males had a median income of $ 32,141 versus $ 24,927 for females. The per capita income for the town was $ 20,322. About 5.0% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.6% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 15,175 people, 7,183 households, and 6,498 families residing in
1716-509: Was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the town was 41.4 years. 19.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 14.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.8% were from 25 to 44; 27.6% were from 45 to 64; and 18.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.1% male and 52.9% female. The Brunswick School Department operates the town's public schools, including: Other local educational institutions include: The Growstown School , on Woodside Road,
1760-509: Was chartered in 1794. The Androscoggin River falls in three successive stages for a total vertical drop of 41 feet (12 m), providing water power for industry . Brunswick became a major producer of lumber , with as many as 25 sawmills . Some of the lumber went into shipbuilding . Other firms produced paper , soap , flour , marble and granite work, carriages and harness , plows , furniture , shoes and confections . The town
1804-549: Was held on December 2, 1765. South Portland separated in 1895 from Cape Elizabeth, which contains a number of houses designed by John Calvin Stevens . In 1872, construction of a US Army coast artillery fort began around Portland Head Light , which in 1899 was named Fort Williams , after Major General Seth Williams of the Civil War . The fort was to guard the southern entrance to Portland Harbor. Active between 1899 and 1962,
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1848-567: Was on Richmond Island. Without title, Walter Bagnall (called "Great Walt") in 1628 established a trading post, dealing in rum and beaver skins. "His principal purpose appears to have been to drive a profitable trade with the Indians," writes historian George J. Varney, "without scruple about his methods." His cheating caught up with him in October 1631, when he was killed by the Indians, who also burned down his trading post. Two months later,
1892-635: Was site of the first cotton mill in Maine, the Brunswick Cotton Manufactory Company, built in 1809 to make yarn . Purchased in 1812, the mill was enlarged by the Maine Cotton & Woolen Factory Company. In 1857, the Cabot Manufacturing Company was established to make cotton textiles . It bought the failed Worumbo Mill and expanded the brick factory along the falls. Needing even more room,
1936-572: Was the site of a trading post in 1628. John Smith explored and mapped New England in 1615, and gave names to places mainly based on the names used by Native Americans . When Smith presented his map to King Charles I , he suggested that the king should feel free to change any of the Indian names to English ones. The king made many such changes, but only four survive today, one of which is Cape Elizabeth, which Charles named in honor of his sister, Elizabeth of Bohemia . The first habitation by Europeans
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