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49-406: Beliliou was traditionally divided into five villages. Teliu is located on the southwest coast bordered on the north by Ngerkeiukl on the west coast, Ngesias in the central portion of the island, and Ngerdelolk on the east coast. Ngerchol occupies the northern part of the island on the west side of Bloody Nose Ridge. Most of the surface remains of the traditional villages have been obliterated. However,

98-403: A defense in depth which maximized casualties on the attacking force. On both sides involved in the fighting there were high losses with more than 2,000 Americans and 10,000 Japanese killed, but, remarkably, there were no casualties among the local civilians because they were evacuated from the fighting to other islands of Palau. The ruins of many of the military installations of the era, such as

147-741: A 3-year term length, known as the governor . The state also has a legislature elected every three years. The state population elects one of the members of the House of Delegates of Palau . Obak is the title of the traditional high chief from the state. Peleliu Airfield , created by the Japanese in World War II, has the longest and widest runway in Palau (1,850 metres (6,070 ft)), but was used only by small chartered aircraft after Palau's domestic flights were discontinued in late 2005. The landing strip

196-755: A U.S. National Historic Landmark . The Ministry of Education operates public schools. Peleliu Elementary School opened in 1946, and had its second building open in 1966, with the first still in use. Palau High School in Koror is the country's only public high school, so children from this community go there. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from Snyder, David; Adams, William Hampton; Butler, Brian M. (1997). Archaeology and historic preservation in Palau . Anthropology research series / Division of Cultural Affairs, Republic of Palau 2. San Francisco: U.S. National Park Service. Babeldaob Babeldaob (also Babelthuap )

245-420: A narrow lagoon, though for the most part the reef is so small and low that it offers little impediment to the waves which break directly on the steep cliffs which ring the island. Distinct from the rock islands which lie between Beliliou and Koror , Angaur is a raised platform island. The profile of the island is a low table with very little relief. The highest point on the island, a small hill northwest of Rois,

294-426: A rock island forest. The geography of Beliliou has been dramatically reshaped by the events of World War II. In preparation for the anticipated American invasion, the Japanese defenders transformed Beliliou into a defensive fortress. The build up, which was underway by 1943, began with the evacuation of Palauans from Beliliou to Babeldaob . As many as 10,000 Japanese defenders dug into the natural caves and fissures of

343-435: A tangled maze. Much of Beliliou is covered by a limestone island forest with stands of Casuarina forest along sandy beach berms . With the exception of Ngercheu, the rest of the islands in the state are low, flat islands with large areas of sandy deposits covered by coconut or Casuarina forests. Ngercheu, located in the northern part of the state, has a typical rock island profile with steep cliffs of uplifted reef covered by

392-455: A terrible cost of lives. Most of the land use in Beliliou today is for private gardens located in and around residential areas. There are no commercial enterprises active today, and municipal use is limited to a few small facilities. A large coconut plantation is on Ngedbus Island. The population of the state was 484 in the 2015 census and median age was 34.5 years. The official languages of

441-451: A total population of 130. Angaur has its own constitution, adopted in 1982. The state government was established in 1982. The state of Angaur, with population of less than 150, has an elected chief executive, governor. The state also has a legislature elected every two years. The state population elects one of the members of the House of Delegates of Palau . The island is connected by a network of roads. Secondary roads radiate out across

490-553: A variety of stone platforms with historical and traditional importance. Traditional cemeteries are frequently located in or around some of these stone platforms. The large quantities of shell recovered from archaeological sites gives evidence for an intensive exploitation of the limited lagoon surrounding the island and for collecting and fishing outside of the reef as well. On the island, the localized areas of soil were intensively used for garden plots. The first sighting of Angaur, Babeldaob , Koror , and Peleliu recorded by Westerners

539-861: Is a de jure official language, as it is only the de facto official language of Japan . At the time the constitution was written, many of the elders participating in the process had been educated in Japanese, as was the practice once Japan gained control of South Seas Mandate in 1914. However, the results of the 2005 census show that in April 2005 there were no usual or legal residents of Angaur aged 5 or older who spoke Japanese at home at all. No residents of Anguar reported themselves or were reported as being of Japanese ethnic origin. One person born (but apparently not residing) on Angaur reported to speak Japanese and Palauan equally often at home. The 2012 mini census showed 7 people aged 10 or older literate in any language other than Palauan and English for Angaur, out of

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588-471: Is a steep spine named Bloody Nose Ridge during the Battle for Peleliu in World War II - rising to an elevation of 75 metres (246 ft). A second raised area, Rois ra Sang and Roischemiangel, rises to elevations of just over 50 m at the northern tip of the island. The rest of the island generally lies below 10 metres (33 ft) in elevation. Along this ridge, jagged spires of coralline limestone jut skyward in

637-583: Is concentrated on the west coast south of the harbor to a point of land called Bkul a Usas. Separated by lines of social division are the modern villages of Rois and Ngaramasch. Most of Angaur is covered with a mixed limestone forest which includes several small stands of casuarina forest (ironwood orngas trees). Surrounding the modern villages and many houses are garden plots and interspersed with these are small pockets of agroforest (a variety of trees providing useful domestic products and foodstuffs). A large area of taro swamp gardens known as Ngetkebui lies in

686-402: Is only 40 m above sea level, and most of the island is less than 10 m above sea level. On the ground, however, the terrain is very rugged with steep, jagged outcrops of ancient reef rising unpredictably in a tangled maze. To the northwest the ground is slightly higher, and to the southeast the ground is slightly lower with marshy swamps across the karstic landscape. Modern settlement on Angaur

735-561: Is over an hour. The small harbor in the far north of the island is shallow and suitable only for yachts with shallow draft. The main road lies on the west side of Bloody Nose Ridge and extends from Kloulklubed to the landing strip. Secondary roads extend to all parts of the island. The entire island has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Peleliu Battlefield , and has been designated

784-678: Is the largest island in the island nation of the Republic of Palau . It is in the western Caroline Islands , and the second largest island (after Guam ) in the Micronesia region of Oceania . Palau's capital, Ngerulmud , is located on Babeldaob, in Melekeok State . Babeldaob is one of the most underdeveloped populated islands in the Pacific Ocean. The area of Babeldaob, 331 km (128 sq mi), makes up over 70% of

833-705: The Battle of Peleliu was a major battle between units of the United States Marine Corps and United States Army against the Imperial Japanese Army in 1944. The battle for the island was particularly brutal because by this time the Japanese military had evolved island defense tactics with strong fortifications in the island's caves and rock formations within the Umurbrogol Mountains (Bloody Nose Ridge), which enabled

882-526: The Spanish missionary expedition commanded by Sargento Mayor Francisco Padilla on board of the patache Santísima Trinidad . Two years later they were explored in detail by the expedition of Spanish naval officer Bernardo de Egoy . Following its defeat in the Spanish–American War , Spain sold Palau (including Peleliu) to Germany in 1899. Control passed to Japan in 1914. During World War II ,

931-471: The 1950s in the American Period. The mined phosphate was initially processed and loaded on ships at a small harbor on the west side of the island. Apparently this small natural harbor has been expanded during the course of phosphate mining. Also constructed with the harbor expansion was a lighthouse whose abandoned remains are situated on the high ground to the northwest. The population of the state

980-787: The Northern Marianas (except Guam) to the German Empire for 17 million goldmark pursuant to the German–Spanish Treaty (1899) . The newly acquired islands were administered from German New Guinea . Babeldaob was the destination to which the 426 members of the Sokehs tribe were banished by colonial authorities following the Sokehs Rebellion on Sokehs Island and Pohnpei . In the early months of World War I, Imperial Japan occupied all German islands north of

1029-464: The Pacific Ocean, Angaur was a nesting ground for large numbers of birds whose droppings would eventually become phosphate deposits. In the early part of the 20th century, phosphate mines were started in the rugged terrain in the northwest part of the island and along the east coast. These mines, started during the German administration, were in operation periodically for three administrations ending in

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1078-583: The Spanish missionary expedition commanded by Sargento Mayor Francisco Padilla on board of the patache Santísima Trinidad . Two years later they were explored in detail by the expedition of Spanish naval officer Bernardo de Egoy. It was in the Spanish East Indies from 1686 to 1899. As a consequence of the Spanish–American War , Spain sold Palau (including Babeldaob), the Carolines and

1127-402: The U.S. Coast Guard operated a LORAN transmitting station, LORSTA Palau, as part of the worldwide LORAN navigation system. Angaur is a coralline island located some 10 km southwest of Beliliou at the southern tip of the main group of islands in the archipelago, and is situated outside of the lagoon and enclosing reef for this main group. Angaur is surrounded by a thin reef which encloses

1176-525: The airstrip, are still intact, and shipwrecks from the battle remain visible underwater just off the coast. There are war memorials on the island to both the American and the Japanese dead. Peleliu and Angaur were the only islands in the Palau archipelago to be occupied by the Americans during the war. The capital of Koror remained in Japanese hands to the end of the war. Peleliu was formally placed under

1225-405: The battle of Peleliu, however, Angaur received much less shelling before the invasion and the battle did not entail the tragic loss of life witnessed on Beliliou. The Ministry of Education operates public schools. Angaur Elementary School was established in 1945. A new building in another location opened in 1953. It moved to the original site in 1966 in a new building but it later moved back to

1274-669: The control of the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands . In 1947, two and a half years after Japanese surrender, there were over 30 Japanese still hiding in caves, believing the war was not over. The Americans sent a senior Japanese military official into the caves and convinced them to surrender. The last Japanese survivor, Keiji Nagai, died in 2019. Palau became independent in 1978, and Peleliu

1323-404: The coralline limestone formations, reinforcing these positions with concrete bunkers. So well established were the Japanese defenders that they withstood a massive naval bombardment and met the American invasion force at nearly full strength on September 5, 1944. The Battle of Peleliu, which proved in hindsight to be a costly miscalculation by the Americans, dragged on for weeks of bitter fighting at

1372-399: The equator. As a League of Nations mandatory power after the war, Japan returned the Sokehs to Pohnpei in stages between 1917 and 1927. During World War II a Japanese garrison on Babeldaob was composed of 21,449 Imperial Japanese Army men under the command of Lieutenant-General Sadae Inoue and 8,286 Imperial Japanese Navy men under the command of Vice-Admiral Kenmi Itoh. Babeldaob

1421-496: The expedition of Spanish naval officer Bernardo de Egoy. From 1909 until 1954 phosphate mining took place on Angaur, originally by the Germans, then the Japanese, and finally by Americans. Angaur is the site of a major World War II battle. The Battle of Angaur was part of the larger offensive campaign called Operation Forager that ran from June to Nov 1944. Many American and Japanese battle relics remain scattered throughout

1470-582: The headwaters of most of the island’s watersheds. Some 13,767 ha in area, it has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of most of Palau’s endemic birds, including Micronesian megapodes , Palau ground doves , Micronesian imperial pigeons , Palau fruit doves , swiftlets , owls and kingfishers , Micronesian myzomelas , morningbirds , Palau fantails , flycatchers and bush warblers , dusky and citrine white-eyes , and Micronesian starlings . The Western Ridge IBA adjoins Middle Ridge in

1519-571: The island and almost encircle it. On the east side of the island is a landing strip constructed during the Japanese administration. Although unimproved, the 6600 foot runway known as the Angaur Airstrip is used for the single-engine plane serving Angaur with daily flights from the Airai airport. The presence of the runway played an important role in the decision by the Americans to take Angaur along with Beliliou during World War II. Unlike

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1568-566: The island. The 7th Antiaircraft Artillery Battalion under Lieutenant colonel Henry R. Paige served as garrison forces for the remainder of the War. Angaur is the only place in Micronesia that has feral monkeys; they are descended from macaques that escaped during the period of German occupation. Thus it is also called Monkey Island. Angaur is accessible by boats and small planes, and Belau Air has service to Angaur Airstrip . From 1945 to 1978

1617-445: The islands of Palau, Babeldaob is mountainous. It contains Palau's highest point, the 242 m (794 ft)-tall Mount Ngerchelchuus . Babeldaob's eastern coast has many sandy beaches, in particular north from Melekeok to Ngaraard, and the island's western coast has a shoreline with many mangrove forests. Of the 16 states of Palau , Babeldaob encompasses 10, which are: The central forested Middle Ridge of Babeldaob encompasses

1666-511: The islands, traditional gardens would have been located in areas where sufficient soil had accumulated in low lying pockets and marshes. First sighting of Peleliu, Babeldaob , and Koror recorded by Westerners was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos at the end of January 1543. They were then charted as Los Arrecifes ("The Reefs" in Spanish). In November and December 1710 these three islands were again visited and explored by

1715-580: The land area of the entire Republic of Palau. It has about 30% of the country's population, with about 6,000 people living on it. Babeldaob is located northeast of Koror Island , and its northern portion contains the site of the new national capital, Ngerulmud . The southern end of the island is in Airai State , Palau's second-most populous state. The Airai Airport on the island is the nation's principal airport. The Koror-Babeldaob Bridge links Babeldaob Island at Airai to Koror Island. Unlike most of

1764-501: The locations of the villages and the locations of features within the villages, including odesongel, are known and preserved in the oral tradition. These traditional features are important symbols giving identity to families, clans and regions. The lagoon and adjacent rock islands are important resource areas, and probably were intensively exploited prehistorically. Important resources include many different species of trees and other plants and many different species of fish and shellfish. On

1813-546: The north-west of the island. This 2,608 ha site contains populations of the same bird species, as does the 1,135 ha Ngerutechei IBA on the western side of the island, which also includes riverine mangrove habitat. First sighting of Babeldaob, Koror and Peleliu recorded by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos at the end of January 1543. They were then charted as Los Arrecifes ("The Reefs" in Spanish). In November and December 1710 these three islands were again visited and explored by

1862-431: The northern end of Peleliu provide feeding and roosting habitat for various wader species, as well as being home to megapodes. The site is an IBA for the megapodes, Far Eastern curlews , ruddy turnstones , great knots , red-necked stints , and grey-tailed tattlers . Peleliu has its own constitution, adopted in 1982. The state government was established in 1983. The state of Peleliu has an elected chief executive with

1911-949: The northern tip of the island. The state consists of the following islands: As at Angaur, phosphate mining in the Bloody Nose Ridge area of Beliliou began during the German administration and continued into the Japanese administration. The phosphate was loaded onto ships at a small harbor facility located at the northern tip of the island. The island has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports populations of most of Palau's endemic birds, including Micronesian megapodes , Palau ground doves , Micronesian imperial pigeons , Palau fruit doves , swiftlets , owls and kingfishers , Micronesian myzomelas , morningbirds , Palau fantails , flycatchers and bush warblers , giant , dusky and citrine white-eyes , and Micronesian starlings . The sandflats, mangroves, seagrass beds and islets just off

1960-546: The second site. Palau High School in Koror is the country's only public high school, so children from this community go there. It is a very popular place for surfing. In 2003, the Palau National Congress legalized casino gambling on the island. Among other attractions are the cemetery of planes and ships that were destroyed in World War II, a Buddhist memorial honoring the Japanese fallen in combat and

2009-407: The southern part of the island. The island, which forms its own state, has an area of 8 km (3 mi ). Its population was 130 in 2012. The state capital is the village of Ngeremasch on the western side. A second village, Rois, is immediately east of Ngeremasch. Angaur Island is located southwest of Peleliu , and it is a popular surfing location. Long before people came to this part of

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2058-492: The state are Palauan and English . In June 1972, the resident population was 843. As of 2000, its population was about 571, making it the third most populous state of Palau. Most of the island's population lives in the village of Kloulklubed which is the state capital on the northwestern coast. Including the capital, there are a total of four villages: Today, the major concentration of people live in Kloulklubed near

2107-409: The state is approximately 19.52 km (7.54 sq mi). Beliliou Island, like Angaur , is a raised platform coralline island with an area of 16.98 km (6.56 sq mi). Located at the southern tip of the lagoon which encircles the main group of islands, Beliliou is surrounded by a thick fringe of mangrove forest comprising more than a quarter of its total area. On the island's west side

2156-473: Was 119 in the 2015 census and median age was 43.3 years. In June 1972, the resident population was 517. History of the population: Ucherbelau is the title of the traditional high chief from the state. According to the state constitution of 1982, Angaur's official languages are Palauan (and the Angauran dialect in particular), English and Japanese . It is the only place in the world where Japanese

2205-541: Was built during the Japanese era and originally consisted of a 6,600-foot runway oriented SW to NE with a smaller perpendicular runway intersecting the main run way about 2,200 feet from the SW. Additional taxiways connected the runways to airport facilities located to the north of the runways. The landing strips were unimproved, but still served for the daily flight from the Airai airport by a single engine plane. A third landing strip

2254-565: Was built on Ngedbus Island, just north of Beliliou, during the Japanese administration. It was abandoned after the Battle of Peleliu and today is overgrown with a coconut plantation. In any event, in mid-2024 after months of work, U.S. Marine engineers reactivated the Peleliu airfield to enhance US military capability in the Pacific region. A regular boat service connects the island twice a week to Koror and Angaur. Travel time by boat from Koror

2303-419: Was by the Spanish expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos at the end of January 1543. They were then charted as Los Arrecifes (The Reefs in Spanish). In November and December 1710, these three islands were again visited and explored by the Spanish missionary expedition commanded by Sargento Mayor Francisco Padilla on board of the patache Santísima Trinidad . Two years later they were explored in detail by

2352-631: Was bypassed by the Allied forces during the war. 7°31′49″N 134°33′53″E  /  7.53028°N 134.56472°E  / 7.53028; 134.56472 Angaur Angaur ( Japanese : アンガウル , Hepburn : Angauru ) , or Ngeaur in Palauan, is an island and state in the island nation of Palau . Angaur was traditionally divided among some eight clans. Traditional features within clan areas represent important symbols giving identity to families, clans and regions . These features include

2401-538: Was organized as a state within the new republic. In August 2014, Peleliu hosted the "leader's retreat" at the 45th Pacific Islands Forum , featuring representatives from the forum's 15 member states. Peleliu is approximately 10 kilometres (5.4 nmi) northeast of the island of Angaur and 40 kilometres (22 nmi) southwest of the island of Koror . The state of Beliliou includes the islands of Beliliou, Ngedbus, Olngeuaol, Ngercheu , Belualasmau, Ruruid, Ngebad, Ngurungor, Ngesuall, and several islets. The total area for

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