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24-475: The Penney-Missouri awards were conceived by James Cash Penney , founder of the J. C. Penney retail chain, who hoped improving women's page sections would turn them into more effective advertising channels for his stores. Penney established the award at the University of Missouri because he believed the school had the necessary prestige. Kimberly Wilmot Voss 's research suggests that as early as 1960, when

48-577: A deal involving $ 15,000,000. They now operated in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Missouri. Foremost Dairy Products, Inc came to its end in 1931, a victim of the Great Depression. In the fall of that year, they were forced to sell all assets at foreclosure. Its company charter was revoked for failure to pay its capital stock tax. The principal players in

72-587: A lawyer. His father's untimely death, however, forced a change in plans, and Penney was forced to work as a store clerk to help support the family. Penney's tuberculosis caused him to venture west to Longmont, Colorado . In 1898, Penney began working for a small chain of stores in the Western United States , called the Golden Rule stores. In 1902, owners Guy Johnson and Thomas Callahan, impressed by his work ethic and salesmanship, offered him

96-756: A minimal amount of paper and ribbon. He remained chairman of the board until 1946, and after that, as honorary chairman until his death in 1971. He never found a way to truly retire; he regularly visited his offices until his death. Penney directed his stores to be closed on Sunday so employees could attend church. Penney was married three times. His first marriage, to Bertha Alva Hess (1869–1910) in 1899, produced two sons before her death from pneumonia : After Bertha died in 1910, he married Mary Hortense Kimball (d. 1923) in July 1919. Mary gave birth to their son before her death of unspecified medical issues: In 1926, Penney married Caroline Marie Autenrieth (1895–1992). She

120-925: A new organization to be named Foremost Dairy Products, Inc. This consolidation was announced by Dr. Burdette G. Lewis of the Penney-Gwinn Corporation, which was the primary party to the merger. Lewis to be President of the company and J. C. Penney, Chairman of the Board. Combined companies had physical assets exceeding $ 4,500,000 and annual sales of more than $ 6,000,000. They were located in Alabama, Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Each joining dairy maintained control of their business locally, combining their assets to allow greater purchasing power for cattle, supplies and equipment. Later that year, in November 1929, Foremost purchased Southwest Dairy Products in

144-593: A one-third partnership in a new store he would open. Penney invested $ 2,000 and moved to Kemmerer, Wyoming , to open a store there. He participated in opening two more stores, and when Callahan and Johnson dissolved their partnership in 1907 he purchased full interest in all three stores. By 1912, there were 34 stores in the Rocky Mountain States. In 1913, he moved the company to the Kearns Building in downtown Salt Lake City , Utah. The company

168-727: A women's page section. In 1994, J. C. Penney stopped funding the awards, and they were renamed as the Missouri Lifestyle Journalism Awards, with the University of Missouri funding as well as judging. Award winners were announced for 2008 and previous years in the media and Missouri School of Journalism press releases. However, at least some of the trophies and $ 1,000 cash prizes for the 2008 winners were only distributed after public reporting of what journalism reporter Jim Romenesko described as "the no-prizes flap," and as late as May 2009, nine months after

192-569: The JCPenney stores in 1902. Penney was born on September 16, 1875, on a farm outside of Hamilton, Missouri , the seventh of twelve children, only six of whom lived to adulthood, born to James Cash Penney and Mary Frances (born Paxton) Penney. Penney's father was a Baptist preacher and farmer whose strict discipline included making his son pay for his own clothing once he reached eight years of age. After graduation from Hamilton High School, Penney intended to attend college with hopes of becoming

216-679: The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the Great Depression left Penney in financial ruin. After the crash, Penney lost virtually all his personal wealth and borrowed against his life insurance policies to help the company meet its payroll. The financial setbacks took a toll on his health, and he checked himself into the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek, Michigan , for treatment. After hearing

240-574: The 1920s. By 1921, he had a home on Belle Isle in Miami Beach, Florida . Penney and partner Ralph W. Gwinn invested heavily in Florida real estate, including 120,000 acres (490 km ) in Clay County . Some of this land became Penney Farms . This was also the start of Foremost Dairy Products Inc. Penney later recruited Paul E. Reinhold to run the dairy. Most of this work was halted with

264-648: The Foremost Dairy Products Organization will be devoted to the development of this potential source of income." Penney, along with his partner Ralph W. Gwinn , invested heavily in Florida real estate in the 1920s, especially Clay County in northeast Florida around Jacksonville. They established Penney Farms (an experimental farming community), which provided the basis for the Foremost Dairy Products Company. In February 1929, about 25 dairies merged into

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288-724: The Penney Family Fund, which is not affiliated with J. C. Penney Co., Inc., or its corporate giving program. The Penney Family Fund supports national organizations and state-based ones in Georgia , North Carolina , Arizona , and New Mexico that work to advance racial and environmental justice. In 1960, Penney teamed up with the University of Missouri to establish the Penney-Missouri Awards to recognize excellence in Women's Page journalism, hoping to improve

312-442: The announcement of winners. There appears to be no evidence of the awards being given after 2008. The directors of the award program were: Rodger Streitmatter, writing in the scholarly journal Journalism History, credits the awards for helping to change women's pages journalism. James Cash Penney James Cash Penney Jr. (September 16, 1875 – February 12, 1971) was an American businessman and entrepreneur who founded

336-421: The awards were established, women's page sections were reporting on a broader range of issues than expected, often creating the kind of coverage the awards were intended to encourage: "more than just society notices and photographs of brides". In 1974, as most newspapers were changing their women's sections into features sections, contest rules changed to allow entries from journalists who did not work full-time in

360-502: The company did not give up, however, and in September 1931 formed a new company, Foremost Dairies, Inc., which bought much of the assets of the now defunct Foremost Dairy Products, Inc. They first sold a number of their processing plants, either to outside investors or back to their local owners, and subsequently purchased with the new company all remaining assets of the old one. This entailed a complicated multi-year endeavor to reorganize

384-515: The company, with much buying and selling of assets, as described in a very detailed 1934 stock sale prospectus. Foremost Dairies, Inc.expanded from serving 12 communities in 4 states (1932) to serving 112 communities in 22 states plus the Far East (1953). International operations were located in Hawaii, Guam, Okinawa and Japan. Annual sales were about $ 160,000,000 in 1953. Dairies associated with

408-598: The eulogy at the funeral. Penney was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx , New York City, not far from the grave of fellow retail entrepreneur, F. W. Woolworth . His estate was valued at approximately $ 35 million. Penney was a Freemason most of his adult life, initiated into Wasatch Lodge No. 1 Free and Accepted Masons of Utah, on April 18, 1911. A member of both the Scottish and York Rites, Penney

432-566: The first board of 40Plus , an organization that helps unemployed managers and executives. In 1953, the Springfield, Missouri Chamber of Commerce presented Penney with a " Ozark Hillbilly Medallion" and a certificate proclaiming him a "hillbilly of the Ozarks." Penney founded the James C. Penney Foundation in 1954. The foundation was restructured in 1999, with half the proceeds going to

456-437: The founding of the University of Miami , and served on its Board of Trustees from 1926 to 1930. At the end of the Great Depression in 1939, Penney teamed with Thomas J. Watson , president and founder of IBM , Arthur Godfrey , the radio and TV personality; and Norman Vincent Peale, a minister, inspirational speaker, and author of The Power of Positive Thinking , to help Henry Simler, an executive with Remington Rand form

480-534: The hymn "God Will Take Care of You", written by Civilla D. Martin , sung at a service in the hospital's chapel, he became a born again Christian . Even after relinquishing daily operating management of the company, Penney continued his active involvement in managing the company and its stores. In 1940, during a visit to a store in Des Moines, Iowa , he trained a young Sam Walton on how to wrap packages with

504-433: The sections where his stores most often advertised. Foremost Dairy Products Foremost Dairy Products, Incorporated was a large dairy in the southern United States. J. C. Penney , founder of the department store bearing his name, was behind the creation of the Foremost Dairy Products Company. In one of his addresses he said: "There is a $ 300,000,000 undeveloped dairy potential in the south alone. The activities of

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528-718: Was badly hurt in 1928 when she fell from a horse at their estate in White Plains, New York . They had two daughters: Penney lived in New York City at 888 Park Avenue , though he spent the winters in Palm Springs, California . On December 26, 1970, Penney fell and fractured his hip . A few weeks later, he suffered a heart attack and never fully recovered. He died on February 12, 1971, in New York City. The Reverend Dr. Norman Vincent Peale delivered

552-627: Was coroneted a 33rd Degree on October 16, 1945, and received the Gold Distinguished Service Award by the General Grand Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, in Kansas City, Missouri , in 1958. He typically wore a large ring showing his Masonic degree. Penney was a member of two professional collegiate fraternities: Alpha Gamma Rho for agriculture and Alpha Kappa Psi for business. Penney was involved with

576-584: Was incorporated under the new name, J. C. Penney Company. In 1916, he began to expand the chain east of the Mississippi River , and during the 1920s, the Penney company expanded nationwide, with 120 stores in 1920, most of which were still in the west. By 1924, Penney reported income of more than $ 1 million annually. The number of stores reached 1,400 by 1929. The large income allowed him to be heavily involved in many philanthropic causes during

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