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33-624: The oldest ancestor of the Journal Star , the Peoria Daily Transcript , was founded by N.C. Nason and first published on December 17, 1855. The Peoria Journal was founded as an afternoon paper by Eugene F. Baldwin the former editor of the Daily Transcript , and J. B. Barnes, and first published on December 3, 1877. The initial circulation was 1,700; one month later, it was 4,100. Henry Means Pindell started

66-465: A structural load at its far, unsupported end, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it applies a shear stress and a bending moment . Cantilever construction allows overhanging structures without additional support. Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel ). In cantilever bridges, the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of

99-478: A bridge in Illinois is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cantilever A cantilever is a rigid structural element that extends horizontally and is unsupported at one end. Typically it extends from a flat vertical surface such as a wall, to which it must be firmly attached. Like other structural elements, a cantilever can be formed as a beam , plate, truss , or slab . When subjected to

132-500: A cantilever-winged sesquiplane built instead with wooden materials, the Fokker V.1 . In the cantilever wing, one or more strong beams, called spars , run along the span of the wing. The end fixed rigidly to the central fuselage is known as the root and the far end as the tip. In flight, the wings generate lift and the spars carry this load through to the fuselage. To resist horizontal shear stress from either drag or engine thrust,

165-459: A central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge . A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay . In the southern United States, a historic barn type is the cantilever barn of log construction . Temporary cantilevers are often used in construction. The partially constructed structure creates a cantilever, but

198-628: A dozen years after the Wright Brothers ' initial flights, Junkers endeavored to eliminate virtually all major external bracing members in order to decrease airframe drag in flight. The result of this endeavor was the Junkers J 1 pioneering all-metal monoplane of late 1915, designed from the start with all-metal cantilever wing panels. About a year after the initial success of the Junkers J 1, Reinhold Platz of Fokker also achieved success with

231-431: A narrow stretch of Upper Peoria Lake. Due to World War II , the bridge was not completed until 1948. In 1964, the bridge was repaired after over a decade of service. An additional three-lane span of similar style was constructed immediately north of the existing bridge in 1982. Currently, the northern span carries westbound traffic and the original southern two-lane span carries eastbound traffic. The southern span

264-503: A variation in this parameter indicates the concentration of the analyte . Recently, microcantilevers have been fabricated that are porous, allowing for a much larger surface area for analyte to bind to, increasing sensitivity by raising the ratio of the analyte mass to the device mass. Surface stress on microcantilever, due to receptor-target binding, which produces cantilever deflection can be analyzed using optical methods like laser interferometry. Zhao et al., also showed that by changing

297-458: A wire-braced design. However, as the speed of the aircraft increases, the drag of the bracing increases sharply, while the wing structure must be strengthened, typically by increasing the strength of the spars and the thickness of the skinning. At speeds of around 200 miles per hour (320 km/h) the drag of the bracing becomes excessive and the wing strong enough to be made a cantilever without excess weight penalty. Increases in engine power through

330-455: Is force and w {\displaystyle w} is the cantilever width. The spring constant is related to the cantilever resonance frequency ω 0 {\displaystyle \omega _{0}} by the usual harmonic oscillator formula ω 0 = k / m equivalent {\displaystyle \omega _{0}={\sqrt {k/m_{\text{equivalent}}}}} . A change in

363-582: Is one of their chief advantages. Many box girder bridges are built segmentally , or in short pieces. This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support. These structures rely heavily on torque and rotational equilibrium for their stability. In an architectural application, Frank Lloyd Wright 's Fallingwater used cantilevers to project large balconies. The East Stand at Elland Road Stadium in Leeds was, when completed,

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396-401: Is the cantilever thickness. Very sensitive optical and capacitive methods have been developed to measure changes in the static deflection of cantilever beams used in dc-coupled sensors. The second is the formula relating the cantilever spring constant k {\displaystyle k} to the cantilever dimensions and material constants: where F {\displaystyle F}

429-422: Is the immunosensor based on an antibody layer that interacts selectively with a particular immunogen and reports about its content in a specimen. In the static mode of operation, the sensor response is represented by the beam bending with respect to a reference microcantilever. Alternatively, microcantilever sensors can be operated in the dynamic mode. In this case, the beam vibrates at its resonance frequency and

462-762: The Peoria Herald in 1889; he soon bought out the Daily Transcript , forming the Herald-Transcript . Baldwin, who had since left the Journal , started the Peoria Star , with Charles M. Powell on November 7, 1897. Pindell bought the Journal in 1900, sold the Herald-Transcript in 1902, and, after that newspaper had become the Transcript , bought it back in 1916 and merged it with

495-666: The Illinois River in the US state of Illinois . The bridge's official name honors David H. McClugage, mayor of Peoria from 1937 to 1941. The crossing is actually composed of two bridges, one carrying westbound traffic and one carrying eastbound traffic. The original span of the McClugage Bridge was designed as a steel cantilever bridge in 1939 to replace the Upper Free Bridge , an existing bridge across

528-657: The Journal , creating the Peoria Journal-Transcript , with the Transcript in the morning and the Journal in the afternoon. In 1944, the Journal and Transcript and their rival Star combined presses as Peoria Newspapers Inc. with the Star as a morning paper and the Journal-Transcript as an afternoon paper, but retained their competition in journalism until 1954, when a full merger

561-664: The Newspaper Guild printed a temporary paper, The Peoria Citizen . In the 1980 presidential election , the Journal Star endorsed Libertarian candidate Ed Clark . Between 1984 and 1990, the Journal Star Employee Stock Ownership Plan bought about 83 percent of the company, making it effectively employee-owned. It company also bought the Galesburg Register-Mail of Galesburg , Illinois, in 1989. However,

594-395: The behavior of MEMS cantilevers. The first is Stoney's formula , which relates cantilever end deflection δ to applied stress σ: where ν {\displaystyle \nu } is Poisson's ratio , E {\displaystyle E} is Young's modulus , L {\displaystyle L} is the beam length and t {\displaystyle t}

627-518: The cantilever structure to release it, often with an anisotropic wet or dry etching technique. Without cantilever transducers, atomic force microscopy would not be possible. A large number of research groups are attempting to develop cantilever arrays as biosensors for medical diagnostic applications. MEMS cantilevers are also finding application as radio frequency filters and resonators . The MEMS cantilevers are commonly made as unimorphs or bimorphs . Two equations are key to understanding

660-520: The completed structure does not act as a cantilever. This is very helpful when temporary supports, or falsework , cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built (e.g., over a busy roadway or river, or in a deep valley). Therefore, some truss arch bridges (see Navajo Bridge ) are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before finally joining. Nearly all cable-stayed bridges are built using cantilevers as this

693-581: The force applied to a cantilever can shift the resonance frequency. The frequency shift can be measured with exquisite accuracy using heterodyne techniques and is the basis of ac-coupled cantilever sensors. The principal advantage of MEMS cantilevers is their cheapness and ease of fabrication in large arrays. The challenge for their practical application lies in the square and cubic dependences of cantilever performance specifications on dimensions. These superlinear dependences mean that cantilevers are quite sensitive to variation in process parameters, particularly

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726-693: The largest cantilever stand in the world holding 17,000 spectators. The roof built over the stands at Old Trafford uses a cantilever so that no supports will block views of the field. The old (now demolished) Miami Stadium had a similar roof over the spectator area. The largest cantilevered roof in Europe is located at St James' Park in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne , the home stadium of Newcastle United F.C. Less obvious examples of cantilevers are free-standing (vertical) radio towers without guy-wires , and chimneys , which resist being blown over by

759-485: The late 1920s and early 1930s raised speeds through this zone and by the late 1930s cantilever wings had almost wholly superseded braced ones. Other changes such as enclosed cockpits, retractable undercarriage, landing flaps and stressed-skin construction furthered the design revolution, with the pivotal moment widely acknowledged to be the MacRobertson England-Australia air race of 1934, which

792-650: The paper was sold to Fairport , New York–based GateHouse Media . In August 2019, the parent company of GateHouse, New Media Investment Group, acquired Gannet Co . New Media Investment Group and GateHouse Media merged under the Gannett brand name. In March 2022, the Journal Star ended its Saturday print edition. In October 2023, the Journal Star announced it will cease carrier delivery and transition to U.S. Postal Service delivery starting on November 13. McClugage Bridge The McClugage Bridge carries U.S. Route 150 over Upper Peoria Lake & Peoria Lake in

825-608: The success for the employees had the opposite effect for the company itself, as it had to buy back stock of large numbers of early retirees. The paper was sold to Copley Press , owned by Helen Copley, in 1996; Copley also owned the downstate Illinois papers the State Journal-Register in Springfield , Illinois and the Lincoln Courier . When Copley purchased the paper in 1996, the daily circulation

858-399: The thickness as this is generally difficult to accurately measure. However, it has been shown that microcantilever thicknesses can be precisely measured and that this variation can be quantified. Controlling residual stress can also be difficult. A chemical sensor can be obtained by coating a recognition receptor layer over the upper side of a microcantilever beam. A typical application

891-424: The wind through cantilever action at their base. The cantilever is commonly used in the wings of fixed-wing aircraft . Early aircraft had light structures which were braced with wires and struts . However, these introduced aerodynamic drag which limited performance. While it is heavier, the cantilever avoids this issue and allows the plane to fly faster. Hugo Junkers pioneered the cantilever wing in 1915. Only

924-453: The wing must also form a stiff cantilever in the horizontal plane. A single-spar design will usually be fitted with a second smaller drag-spar nearer the trailing edge , braced to the main spar via additional internal members or a stressed skin. The wing must also resist twisting forces, achieved by cross-bracing or otherwise stiffening the main structure. Cantilever wings require much stronger and heavier spars than would otherwise be needed in

957-475: Was 75,000+. According to a Knight Foundation report in 2005, the Journal Star circulation was 65,126. The Journal Star was the highest-circulation newspaper in downstate Illinois and the fourth-highest circulation Illinois newspaper. As of September 2006, the Journal Star was the 136th-largest newspaper in the United States. In 2010, the circulation was 66,720, but dropped to 15,194 in 2021. In 2007,

990-526: Was agreed to. Once the agreement was reached, both the morning and afternoon papers immediately changed their names to the Journal Star . To hold the merged newspaper, the current newspaper headquarters were built near War Memorial Drive ( U.S. Route 150 ) and the McClugage Bridge ; the first edition from the new presses was on November 14, 1955. During a newspaper strike in 1958, members of

1023-483: Was dedicated in April 2001. In 2019, construction began on replacing the deteriorated eastbound (original) span with a three-lane wide tied-arch bridge, along with a multi-use path on the right side. The new bridge will also include a protected bike lane and pedestrian path. The new $ 167 million bridge, originally slated to be completed by the fall of 2023, is now scheduled to open in 2024. This article about

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1056-406: Was rehabilitated in 2000. During rehabilitation, an accident in 2000 killed three iron workers when scaffolding on the bridge collapsed 62 feet (19 m) into the river. Due to this tragedy, there was an effort to change the name of the bridge to "Ironworkers Memorial Bridge". However, instead of the name change, the iron workers were memorialized by a monument on Lorentz Avenue near the bridge that

1089-677: Was won by a de Havilland DH.88 Comet . Currently, cantilever wings are almost universal with bracing only being used for some slower aircraft where a lighter weight is prioritized over speed, such as in the ultralight class. Cantilevered beams are the most ubiquitous structures in the field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). An early example of a MEMS cantilever is the Resonistor, an electromechanical monolithic resonator. MEMS cantilevers are commonly fabricated from silicon (Si), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), or polymers . The fabrication process typically involves undercutting

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