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32-647: The Pereh is based on the hull of the Magach 5 tank and features an enlarged turret containing 12 Spike missiles in a pop-up missile launcher at the rear disguised as a turret bustle. The launcher is reloaded via a hatch at the rear with the launcher in the lowered position. Known as the Tamuz in Israeli service, the Spike-NLOS missile is capable of being used in both fire and forget and man-in-the-loop modes, either in

64-486: A large number of Israeli tanks, and only 200 M48 and M60A1 tanks remained. Israel entrenched most of these tanks in the Sinai front against opposite entrenched Egyptian infantry armed with 9M14 Malyutka anti tank missiles. Israel replaced their war losses with new M48A5 (Magach 5), M60 (Magach 7), and M60A1 (Magach 6) during the 1970s. The older M60's (which still used the smaller M48-style turret) were supplied to make up for

96-528: A popular belief, "Magach" is not an abbreviation but a Hebrew word meaning "battering-ram". However, as the word is very rarely used and is not known to many Hebrew speakers, several popular explanation backronyms of the name exist: Magach should not be confused with the Sabra series of upgrade packages for the M60A1/A3, which were developed for export to Turkey . Sabra includes upgrades similar to those of

128-471: A secret arms deal, followed by deliveries from the United States after 1965 (M48A1 and M48A2C vehicles) when Germany cancelled further deliveries after the deal was exposed. During the 1967 war , the Israeli tanks served in their original (American) configuration. Following the 1967 war , several dozen Jordanian M48 tanks, captured intact during the 1967 Six-Day War , were also commissioned into

160-426: A shortage of sufficient M60A1s, explaining why the older model has the higher designation. Prior to the 1982 invasion of Lebanon ( 1982 Lebanon War ), Magach 6 and 7 tanks were fitted with explosive reactive armor (ERA). Further work has been done on the upgraded Magach 6 models, including new belly armor, Merkava tracks, new fire controls, a thermal sleeve for the gun and smoke grenades , eventually resulting in

192-508: A standard tank, the Pereh is fitted with a fake cannon barrel to the front, but can be identified easily by the curved antenna mounted at the rear on the roof of the turret, which is erected in firing position; additional features include add-on frontal armor and stowage boxes on the turret sides. Pictures of the Pereh were first released during Operation Protective Edge in July 2014. Contrary to

224-439: Is initially spun by its booster, and the spin is maintained by the slight angle of the wings. The missile uses a small gyroscope to orient itself relative to the ground; as a result, the missile can take some time to bring back in line with the target, which gives it a minimum range of between 500 and 800 metres (550 and 870 yd). For targets under 1,000 m, the operator can guide the missile by eye; for targets beyond this range

256-614: Is the designation of a series of tanks in Israeli service. The tanks are based on the American M48 and M60 tanks. The name continued to be used for all M48/M60 tanks. Magach 1, 2, 3, and 5 are based on M48 series tanks, and Magach 6 and 7 are based on M60 series tanks. The first M48 Patton tanks acquired by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) were purchased from West Germany in the early 1960s (M48A2 variant) in

288-578: The Battle of Cửa Việt (1973), the PAVN put up fierce resistance to the attack, destroying 26 M48s and M113s with 9M14 missiles. Vietnam claims that throughout the war, PAVN gunner Dao Van Tien fired 134 missiles and 130 hit, destroying 23 tanks and APCs, 12 howitzers, 27 bunkers and 17 other targets. The missile was employed by Arab armies during the initial phases of the Yom Kippur War . Later in

320-486: The First Lebanon War . The Pereh had participated in all Israeli Defense Force operations of the last 25 years including the 2006 Lebanon War and Gaza War . Although pictures of the Pereh have been taken over the years, with some appearing in public briefly, Israeli censors have been diligent in suppressing such appearances. Pictures of the Pereh first released during Operation Protective Edge in July 2014,

352-621: The M48 Patton tank. This first employment of the Malyutka destroyed one M48A3 and one M113 armored cavalry assault vehicle (ACAV), and a second ACAV was damaged. During this engagement with the weapon, the ARVN tankers appeared fascinated by the missile's slow and erratic flight, but through experience, they soon deployed countermeasures against the weapon system. Upon launching by the enemy, ARVN crewmen would fire all their weapons towards

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384-544: The Soviet Union . It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at 25,000 missiles a year during the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, copies of the missile have been manufactured under various names by at least six countries. Although they have been supplanted by more advanced anti-tank guided missiles,

416-782: The 1950s, such as the French ENTAC and the Swiss Cobra . In the end, the prototype developed by the Kolomna Machine Design Bureau , who were also responsible for the 3M6 Shmel , was chosen. Initial tests were completed by 20 December 1962, and the missile was accepted for service on 16 September 1963. The missile can be fired from a portable suitcase launcher (9P111), ground vehicles ( BMP-1 , BRDM-2 ) and helicopters ( Mi-2 , Mi-8 , Mi-24 , Soko Gazelle ). The missile takes about five minutes to deploy from its 9P111 fibreglass suitcase, which also serves as

448-611: The IDF, adding to the 150 already in service at that time. Israel also modified the tank to M48A3 automotive standard by replacing the 650 hp (480 kW) gasoline engine with a 750 hp (560 kW) diesel engine with more power and a reduced vulnerability to fuel fires, resulting in the Magach 3. These modifications also included replacing the original 90 mm gun with the British 105 mm L7 (US M68 equivalent), replacing

480-553: The Magach 6b (Bet) and ultimate 6b Gal Batash and equivalent Magach 7c Gimel models. Since the 1980s and 1990s, the Magachs have been gradually replaced by Merkava tanks as Israel's front-line main battle tank . However, a large majority of the IDF's armored corps continued to consist of Magach variants until the 1990s, and the tank was continuously upgraded during this time. By 2006, all Magachs in regular units had been replaced by Merkavas. In July 2015, Israel officially unveiled

512-626: The Magach 7, but an essential difference is that it is armed with the MG251 120 mm smooth-bore gun (the same as used by the Merkava 3). Background: History of the tank , Tank classification , Tanks in the Cold War 9M14 Malyutka The 9M14 Malyutka (Russian: Малютка ; "Little one", NATO reporting name : AT-3 Sagger ) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in

544-466: The Malyutka and its variants have seen widespread use in nearly every regional conflict since the 1960s and are still kept in large stockpiles and sometimes used to this day by non state actors such as Hezbollah . Development began in July 1961 with the government assigning the project to two design teams: Tula and Kolomna. The requirements were: The designs were based on the Western ATGMs of

576-402: The commander's machine gun cupola with a lower-profile Urdan Cupola, and upgrading the communication suite. When the Yom Kippur War broke out, Israel had 540 M48-series (with 105 mm gun) and M60/M60A1 tanks. During the war, the tanks suffered heavy losses. The location of flammable hydraulic fluid at the front of the turret was discovered to be a severe vulnerability. Egypt had destroyed

608-426: The direct or indirect fire roles, and is able to destroy targets out to 25 km (16 mi). The front is fitted with a fake cannon to disguise it as a standard tank, but when deployed it can be identified by a curved antenna mounted at the rear on the roof of the turret, which is erected in the firing position. Other additional features include add-on frontal armor and storage boxes on the turret sides. The Pereh

640-466: The existence of the Pereh missile carrier . The Pereh is a guided missile carrier disguised as a tank. A Magach is converted into a Pereh tank destroyer by replacing the main battle gun with an anti-tank guided missile launch station. The original turret is enlarged to install a launcher under armor for 12 "Tamuz" Spike NLOS missiles , which can destroy targets out to 25 km (16 mi). Disguised as

672-427: The intended target time to take appropriate action, either by retreating behind an obstacle, laying down a smoke-screen , or by returning fire on the operator. [1] Later versions of the missile addressed these problems by implementing the much easier to use SACLOS Tooltip semi-automatic command to line of sight guidance system (though only available for ground vehicle and helicopter mounts), as well as upgrading

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704-400: The launch axis—falling to approximately half its optimal accuracy at the extremes. While early estimates of the missile hitting the target ranged from 60 to 90%, experience has shown that it can drop to an efficiency between 2 and 25% in case of less than optimal conditions and lack of skill from the operator. In fact, MCLOS requires considerable skill on the part of the operator, nevertheless,

736-445: The launching platform. The missile is guided to the target by means of a small joystick (9S415), which requires intensive training of the operator. The operator's adjustments are transmitted to the missile via a thin three-strand wire that trails behind the missile. The missile climbs into the air immediately after launch, which prevents it from hitting obstacles or the ground. In flight, the missile spins at 8.5 revolutions per second—it

768-527: The missile's firing position, which would make the gunner flinch and lose control of his missile. Although the gunner could take cover away from the launch site, the joystick control wire only allowed 15 meters of clearance. During the engagement, the ARVN eventually lost eight tanks to the 9M14M missile, but had developed tactics to defend themselves against it. During the Battle of Kontum (1972), 33 missiles were fired and 32 hit, destroying four tanks, two howitzers, six bunkers and seven other targets. During

800-430: The operator uses the eight-power, 22.5-degree field of view, 9Sh16 periscope sight. The engagement envelope is a 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, 45-degree arc centered on the missile's launch axis. At ranges under 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi), this arc reduces until, at the 500 metres (550 yd) range, the missile can only hit targets 50 metres (55 yd) either side of the center line. Accuracy falls off away from

832-606: The propulsion system to increase the average flight speed. The latest updates feature tandem-charge warheads or standoff probes to counteract explosive reactive armor , as well as thermal imaging systems. Even in these latest versions, the Malyutka is probably the most inexpensive ATGM in service today. In Soviet service, the man-portable version was deployed as part of the anti-tank platoon of motor rifle battalions . Each platoon had two Malyutka sections, each with two teams. Each team had two launcher stations. One assistant gunner in each team served as an RPG-7 gunner. The RPG-7

864-568: The threat posed by Warsaw Pact ATGMs . In total, Malyutkas knocked out more than 800 Israeli tanks and other combat vehicles during the war. Rebels of the Free Libyan Army have been filmed using Malyutkas during the Libyan Civil War . Syrian rebels have also uploaded videos of themselves firing Malyutkas against government forces since late 2012. On 7 October 2023, a Palestinian faction, Al-Quds Brigades uploaded

896-550: The war, the Israelis adopted new tactics and learned to neutralize the threat by employing large concentrations of artillery fire to either distract or kill the missile operators. Other improvised methods used by the Israelis to defeat the Malyutkas involved firing in front of the tank to create dust, moving back and forth and firing at the source of the missile. These Israeli tactics were later adopted by NATO forces to counter

928-517: The weapon has always been quite popular with its operators and has enjoyed a constant updating effort both in the Soviet Union/Russia and in other countries. The two most serious defects of the original weapon are its minimum range of between 500 and 800 metres (550 and 870 yd) (targets that are closer cannot be effectively engaged) and the amount of time it takes the slow moving missile to reach maximum range—around 30 seconds—giving

960-507: Was developed in the 1980s in tandem with the Spike-NLOS (called the Tamuz in service) missile, but was not revealed to the public until 2011. The concept of the Tamuz and the Pereh was conceived during the Yom Kippur War , where Israel seemed to be in danger of being overrun by Egyptian armor. The eventual nature of the weapon system and the operational doctrine of its deployment were furthered by Israeli experience against Syrian T-72 tanks during

992-593: Was needed to cover the 500 meter deadzone created by the minimum range of the missile. It is also an integrated part of the BMP-1 , BMD-1 , and BRDM-2 vehicles. On 23 April 1972, the recently organized Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) 20th Tank Regiment was attacked by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) employing the Malyutka for the first time. The 20th was the only South Vietnamese armor unit equipped with

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1024-552: Was the first occasion on which the censors allowed such pictures to pass without suppression, though no statement was made as to what the pictures were of. The Pereh was retired from service in 2017, although it is unclear whether the Israeli Defense Force intends to abandon the concept, or if they plan using a more modern tank chassis in an updated version. Magach Magach ( Hebrew : מגח , Hebrew pronunciation: [mə'gæχ] , " battering-ram ")

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