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23-774: Phalangist Party may refer to: FET y de las JONS (English: Traditionalist Spanish Phalanx of the Committees of the National Syndicalist Offensive), the sole legal party of the Francoist dictatorship in Spain Kataeb Party , a Christian right-wing political party in Lebanon Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

46-564: A Carlist religious gathering in Bilbao with grenades. The attack and the response of government ministers with Carlist leanings (most notably Varela and Galarza ) led to a government crisis and caused Franco to dismiss several ministers. Ultimately, six Falangists were convicted of the attack and one, Juan Domínguez, was executed. By the middle of the Second World War , Franco and leading Falangists, while distancing themselves from

69-658: A period of sub-committee review (at the Cueva del Orkompon , a Basque bar in Calle Miguel Moya, Madrid) was provisionally entitled the Himno de Falange Española . It was first performed in a rally at the Cine Europa of Madrid on February 2, 1936. The music was based on a 1935 piece by Juan Tellería , Amanecer en Cegama ("Dawn at Zegama ") The song was registered with number 75 027 between 1936 and 1937 with

92-609: A stirring song of their own to counter the popular appeal of El Himno de Riego (the official anthem of the Second Spanish Republic ) and A las Barricadas (a very popular Anarchist song). To solve the problem, Primo de Rivera formed a committee meeting on 2 December 1935 in the home of Marichu de la Mora Maura. Those present included José María Alfaro, Rafael Sánchez Mazas , Agustín de Foxá , Pedro Mourlane Michelena , Dionisio Ridruejo , Agustín Aznar , and Luis Aguilar. The result of their efforts, following

115-400: Is sometimes replaced by los compañeros ("the companions") or otros compañeros ("other companions"). This version of the song appeared after the civil war, and is a slow-motion version of "Cara al Sol", sometimes sung by a female voice, almost a ballad. This is a very different version, given the fact that "Cara al Sol" was originally a battle song, and "Amanecer" is almost a love ballad. It

138-715: The Oriamendi , the hymn of the Carlist movement, and the anthem  [ es ] of the Spanish Legion , often played alongside the official anthem, the Marcha Granadera , and was regarded as the battle song of the Spanish far right. A decree from 1942 orders that, in official events, the national songs must be saluted with a Roman salute or, in exclusively military events, a military salute . Since

161-511: The Spanish transition to democracy , the song has frequently been played at far-right rallies. The lyrics were a collaborative effort , under the editorship of Primo de Rivera. Authorship of individual lines are attributed as follows: 1–4 Foxá, Primo de Rivera, Alfaro; 5–10 Foxá; 11–12 Ridruejo; 13–14 Primo de Rivera; 15 Alfaro; 16 Mourlane; and 17–18 Alfaro. Lines 19–22 were existing Falange slogans. In Line 5, mis compañeros ("my companions")

184-716: The 1936 election. As civil war broke out, the Falange grew rapidly in membership, and the Traditionalist Communion, already a prominent force, mobilized its forces to fight the leftist government. With the eruption of the Civil War in July 1936, the Falange fought on the side of the Nationalist faction against the Second Spanish Republic . Expanding rapidly from several thousand to several hundred thousand,

207-568: The Falange's male membership was accompanied by a female auxiliary, the Sección Femenina . Led by José Antonio's sister Pilar Primo de Rivera , this latter subsidiary organization claimed more than a half million members by the end of the war and provided nursing and support services for the Nationalist forces. The command of the party rested upon Manuel Hedilla as many of the first generation leaders were dead or incarcerated by

230-456: The Nationalist war effort. Franco became jefe nacional and "Supreme Caudillo" of the FET. He was vested with "the most absolute authority," including the power to name his successor, and was only responsible to "God and history." None of the vanquished parties in the war suffered such a toll of deaths among their leaders as did the Falange. 60% of the pre-war Falange membership lost their lives in

253-657: The Republicans. Among them was Primo de Rivera, who was a government prisoner. As a result, he was referred to among the leadership as el Ausente , ("the Absent One"). After being sentenced to death on 18 November 1936, José Antonio Primo de Rivera was executed on 20 November 1936 (a date since known as 20-N in Spain) in a Republican prison, giving him martyr status among the Falangists. This conviction and sentence

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276-545: The Spanish Falange, a Falangist party, The Council of National Syndicalist Offensives, a national syndicalist party and Traditionalist Communion, a Catholic monarchist party, three parties that were becoming relevant in Spanish right wing politics before the civil war. The Spanish Falange and the Council of National Syndicalist Offensives were relatively small, and merged into the Spanish Falange de la JONS leading up to

299-627: The United States, economic development and the rise of a group of relatively young technocrats within the government, the Falange continued to decline. In 1965, the SEU, the movement's student organization, was officially disbanded. At the same time, the membership of the Falange as a whole was both shrinking and aging. In 1974, the average age of Falangists in Madrid was at least 55 years. The organization's relatively few new members came mostly from

322-665: The conservative and devoutly Catholic areas of northern Spain. Cara al Sol This is an accepted version of this page Cara al Sol (English: Facing the Sun) is the anthem of the Falange Española de las JONS . The lyrics were written in December 1935 and are usually credited to the leader of the Falange, José Antonio Primo de Rivera . The music was composed by Juan Tellería and Juan R. Buendia. The circumstances of its creation are unusual. The Falangists needed

345-694: The faltering European fascists, stressed the unique "Spanish Catholic authoritarianism" of the regime and the Falange. Instructions were issued in September 1943 that henceforth the Falange/FET would be referred to exclusively as a "movement" and not a "party". The Falange also developed youth organizations, with members known as Flechas and Pelayos , under the umbrella of the Spanish Youths Organization . Most of these young members wore red berets . With improving relations with

368-667: The lyrics at the name of Juan Ruiz de la Fuente . Its popularity was boosted by Primo de Rivera's execution on 20 November 1936 and his subsequent glorification by the Spanish Nationalists . During the Spanish Civil War the Falange, much like other youth parties under totalitarian regimes, became an important part of the National Army (or National Movement) both ideologically and militarily. It remained as an independent organization but strengthened

391-412: The model of a fascist party. All other parties supporting the rebel faction were disbanded, but former members of those parties were free to join the FET as individual members. The new party's official ideology was the Falangists' 27 puntos —reduced after the unification to 26, the article barring mergers being dropped. The merged party incorporated many Falangist symbols–the blue shirt, the yoked arrows,

414-511: The more overtly populist and ideological "old shirts" from before the war. Membership in the Falange/FET reached a peak of 932,000 in 1942. Despite the official unification of the various Nationalist factions within the party in 1937, tensions continued between dedicated Falangists and other groups, particularly Carlists. Such tensions erupted in violence with the Begoña Incident of August 1942, when hardline Falangist activists attacked

437-489: The red and black flag, and the anthem Cara al Sol among others. Despite this, the party was in fact a wide-ranging nationalist coalition, closely controlled by Franco. Parts of the original Falange (including Hedilla) and many Carlists did not join the unified party. Franco had sought to control the Falange after a clash between Hedilla and his main critics within the group, the legitimistas of Agustín Aznar and Sancho Dávila y Fernández de Celis , that threatened to derail

460-434: The regular insurgent army in the combat lines, suffering casualties as a result. Cara al sol was their anthem throughout the war, due in part to the lyrics' homage to "fallen comrades". In Francoist Spain , the Falange was merged with other far-right groups to form the " Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS ", the only legal political party. Cara al Sol became a canto nacional ("national song") together with

483-543: The title Phalangist Party . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phalangist_Party&oldid=1146760530 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Political party disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages FET y de las JONS The FET y de las JONS began as

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506-404: The war. However, most of the property of all other parties and trade unions were assigned to the party. In 1938, all trade unions were unified under Falangist command. After the war, the party was charged with developing an ideology for Franco's regime. This job became a cursus honorum for ambitious politicians—new converts, who were called camisas nuevas ("new shirts") in opposition to

529-604: Was possible since he'd lost his parliamentary immunity after his party did not have enough votes during the last elections. On April 19, 1937, Francisco Franco issued a Unification Decree , which forcibly merged the Falange with the Carlist Comunión Tradicionalista to form the Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las JONS (FET y de las JONS). Franco assumed the role of jefe nacional ("National Chief"), following

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