26-771: The Philippine Assembly (sometimes called the Philippine National Assembly ) was the lower house of the Philippine Legislature from 1907 to 1916, when it was renamed the House of Representatives of the Philippines . The Philippine Assembly was the first national legislative body fully chosen by elections. The Assembly was created by the 1902 Philippine Organic Act of the United States Congress , which established
52-617: A big leap towards self-determination ." The United States of America gained control of the Philippines following the 1898 Spanish–American War and the subsequent Philippine–American War . In 1902, the United States Congress passed the first organic act for the Philippines, the Philippine Organic Act, which acted like a constitution from 1902 until it was replaced by the Jones Act of 1916. When
78-605: A medical officer. After the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato on December 15, 1897, Lukban left for Hong Kong together with Emilio Aguinaldo and other Filipino leaders, where they lived in voluntary exile. In August 1898, he was named by Vincente Lukban as Councilor to the Central Directorate of the Hong Kong Junta . After his return to the Philippines in 1898, Lukban represented the province of as one of
104-754: The Progresista Party . The Nacionalista Party, which was in favor of "immediate and complete independence" from the United States and was led by future President Sergio Osmeña , captured a majority of the 80-seat Assembly. On October 16, 1907, the Philippine Assembly was inaugurated at the Manila Grand Opera House . The event was attended both by Taft (then Secretary of War of the United States), and
130-608: The Insular Government of the Philippines . Along with an upper house (the appointed Philippine Commission ), it formed the bicameral Philippine Legislature during the American colonial period . In 1916, the Jones Act replaced the Philippine Organic Act and the Assembly became the current House of Representatives of the Philippines. The first Philippine Assembly elections were held on July 30, 1907. These were
156-709: The Partido Democrata, which pledged for Philippine independence through peaceful means. In May 1903, Lukban charged the Manila Jockey Club with infringing the Municipal Ordinance, as he claimed horse races are a game of chance and are cruel, with no benefits to horse breeding. In 1906, Lukban was the editor of the La Independencia newspaper, a newspaper which pledged for Philippine autonomy. In January 1907, Lukban ran for
182-545: The Philippine Organic Act, the Philippine Commission conducted a census in 1903, published on March 25, 1905. Two years after the census' publication, on July 30, 1907, the first Assembly elections were held, the first nationwide elections in the Philippines. Although several parties and independent candidates ran for the Assembly, two political parties dominated, the Nacionalista Party and
208-482: The Philippines. In the first 1907 election, 80 members were elected in a first past the post electoral system . In subsequent elections, 81 members were elected. There were three elections: in 1907, in 1909 , and in 1912 . Under the Jones Law of 1916 , and following elections to both houses, a bicameral legislature composed exclusively of Filipinos was inaugurated on October 16, 1916. The Philippine Commission
234-490: The act was passed in 1902, the appointed Governor-General to the Philippines, William Howard Taft , envisioned that the Assembly would improve Philippine-American relations, and prepare the Filipinos for eventual self-rule. President Theodore Roosevelt hesitated to grant the Philippines greater authority and viewed the Assembly as more of an experiment rather than a true step toward Philippine autonomy. In accordance with
260-604: The delegates around Osmeña's leadership, a task that became easier than the two had anticipated. With less than two dozen delegates, the Progresistas were not able to elect a Speaker from their ranks and were marginalized from the talks amongst the Nacionalistas . Osmeña found two opponents for the Speakership: Gomez who defeated Justo Lukban by 31 votes, and Pedro Paterno . However, Gomez's citizenship
286-459: The election of Speaker of the Assembly, but Gomez defeated him by 31 votes. Gomez was found to be a Spanish citizen and a new election for his seat in the 1st Philippine Legislature was called. Gomez still ran in the March 30 special election and defended his seat, beating Lukban by a larger margin of 425 votes. However, on June 18, Gomez resigned his rights to his seat, so a second special election
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#1732772738019312-418: The first nationwide elections ever held in the Philippines. The Assembly was inaugurated on October 16, 1907 with Sergio Osmeña as Speaker of the Assembly, Manuel L. Quezon as majority leader , and Vicente Singson as minority leader . The inauguration of the assembly marked a "turning point in the country’s history, for its creation marked the commencement of Filipino participation in self-governance and
338-760: The leadership election of the Partido Popular Independista, which urged immediate independence from the United States of America . To prevent further split, Alberto Barretto and Justo Lukban were elected co-leaders of the party. On March 12, 1907, the Union Nacionalista and the Independistas merged to form the Partido Nacionalista . The Nacionalistas split their ranks when Guerrero and Lukban, members of
364-476: The lower house. A notable exception to this is the West Virginia House of Delegates in the United States, which allows revenue bills to originate from either house. Many lower houses are named in manners such as follows: This government -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Justo Lukban Justo Lukbán y Rilles (May 28, 1863 – September 2, 1927)
390-590: The majority floor leader. The defeat of the Progresistas in the elections hastened their downfall; the Nacionalista Party will continue to dominate the elections for the legislature, and the Progresistas, and later their successor the Democratas, will remain in opposition. The First Philippine Assembly is best remembered to reigniting efforts towards independence and for improving education in
416-827: The members of the Malolos Congress . He was a member of the Council of Defense and Aid and head of the Medical Faculty at the newly established Universidad Literaria de Filipinas . He served as a General in the Siege of Masbate on August 19, 1898. Authorized to collect money for the revolutionary cause, he managed to collect an amount of ₱20,200 for the Revolutionary Government. When the Philippine Revolutionary Army
442-618: The new Governor-General James Francis Smith . The Assembly's rules and organization was modeled on those of the United States House of Representatives . While the candidates representing the Nacionalistas won the majority of the seats in the assembly, the maneuvering to the election for the Speaker of the Assembly began, as the Speaker would be the most powerful Filipino in government. Quezon and Osmeña focused on aggregating
468-569: The old Independista group were dropped from the ticket in favor of Dominador Gomez and Felipe del Pan. In 1907, he took part in the elections for the Philippine Assembly , on behalf of the 1st Legislative District of Manila . He lost the elections to Dominador Gomez . Guerrero and Lukban ultimately set up the Liga Nacional Independencia whose sole purpose was to contest the 1907 elections. Lukban ran for
494-453: The upper house, lower houses frequently display certain characteristics (though they vary by jurisdiction). In a parliamentary system , the lower house: In a presidential system , the lower house: The lower house: Members of the lower house: The government of the day is usually required to present its budget to the lower house, which must approve the budget. It is a widespread practice for revenue (appropriation) bills to originate in
520-674: Was General Vicente Lukbán . He enrolled in 1873 at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he achieved a Bachelor of Arts -degree. Afterwards, Lukban studied medicine at the University of Santo Tomas . In 1888, he achieved his medical license and started his own practice in Manila. After the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution Lukban joined the revolutionary movement, just like his brother Vicente. He served as
546-591: Was a Filipino physician and politician, Lukban was elected to the Philippine Assembly and was the 3rd Mayor of Manila from 1917 until 1920, he also served as the 3rd Vice Mayor of Manila from 1911 to 1915. Justo Lukban was born in Labo , nowadays part of the Philippine province of Camarines Norte . He was the second child from a family of six children of Agustin Lukbán and Andrea Rilles. One of his three brothers
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#1732772738019572-490: Was appointed as the third Mayor of Manila . During his term as mayor, which would last until March 6, 1920, Rizal Avenue and the Jones Bridge were built. Lukban is mostly known as mayor for his attempts to rid Manila of its prostitutes. Following the suggestion of then- House Speaker Sergio Osmeña , he shipped a group of 181 prostitutes to Davao , Mindanao , from October 16–25, 1918. The case caused controversy after
598-447: Was called. Held on August 11, 1908, Lukban won the special election. At the end of his term in 1909, he was re-elected. However, Gomez successfully challenged the election results in court, because Lukban did not conform to the requirement that a candidate needs to reside within his legislative district. Lukban in turn stepped down on January 26, 1911, and Gomez was declared the true winner of the 1909 election. On January 16, 1917, Lukban
624-644: Was defeated in central Luzon by the Americans, Lukban was one of the negotiators for a peaceful surrender to the US as a member of the Asociacion De Paz , which was led by Pedro Paterno and Felipe Buencamino. During that time he had the rank of Major. After his surrender, the Americans appointed him as Military Sanitary Health Inspector for Ambos Camarines . In 1902 Lukban founded, together with Jose Maria de la Viña, Albert Barreto and León María Guerrero ,
650-402: Was questioned, and Paterno found himself to be Osmeña's leading opponent. It was proved that Gomez was a Spanish citizen and a new election for his seat was called. Gomez still ran in the election and beat Lukban by a larger margin, about 400 votes. Gomez was permitted to take his seat, but not after seven months has passed, and after Osmeña was elected Speaker on October 16, 1907, with Quezon as
676-466: Was replaced by the elected Senate of the Philippines and the Assembly became the House of Representatives of the Philippines . Lower house A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature , where the other chamber is the upper house . Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence. In comparison with
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