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30-650: Phoenix Union High School ( PUHS ) was a high school that was part of the Phoenix Union High School District in downtown Phoenix, Arizona , one of five high school-only school districts in the Phoenix area. Founded in 1895 and closed in 1982, the school consisted of numerous buildings on a campus which by 1928 consisted of 18 acres. In 1982, the majority of the campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as

60-570: A majority minority school, but the school's ethnic minorities had little say in determining and conducting education at the school. Meanwhile, violence between the school's Hispanic and African American population eventually played a large role in everyday school life, with each side blaming the other side. In October 1970, Chicano leaders in Phoenix called for a boycott of the school, as a way to voice concerns over school security and educational quality. PUHS, along with North High School , East High School , and West High School , closed its doors in

90-454: A former residential area, bordered in part by two arterial streets, which was a factor in its selection as the site for PUHS. The school also affected later developmental patterns in the area. The school campus was later remodeled and enlarged in 1899 and 1910, respectively. The school campus consists of nine buildings, of different architectural styles, and includes a stadium with a track and football field. The school's gymnasium, built in 1941,

120-731: A mask mandate in 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona even though Governor of Arizona Doug Ducey signed a ban against mask mandates on June 30. Municipal court City court or municipal court is a court of law with jurisdiction limited to a city or other municipality . It typically addresses "violations of city ordinances and may also have jurisdiction over minor criminal cases...and over certain civil cases." Examples include Moscow City Court in Russia, Municipal Court of Chicago and New York City Civil Court in

150-570: A rented house on 9th Street and Jefferson. A plot of land that would later become the Phoenix Union Colored High School (later George Washington Carver High School ) was purchased in 1925. The site, a former four-acre landfill that was surrounded by warehouses, drew protests over safety and sanitary concerns. The school, however, was opened in 1926, and was the only one ever built exclusively to serve African American high school students in Arizona. The school

180-576: A result of the closures, two lawsuits were filed, accusing the Phoenix Union High School District of discriminating against ethnic minorities and low-income students by closing schools in their neighborhoods, in addition to unfair resource allocations. An Office for Civil Rights investigation also found that the school district had an open enrollment policy that, while designed to alleviate school overcrowding, resulted in racial imbalance. The school district, according to

210-516: A year after a judge at the Maricopa County Superior Court struck down school segregation in Phoenix high schools as unconstitutional, in the case Phillips vs. Phoenix Union High Schools and Junior College District . Phoenix Union High School District's website makes few references to the school's segregated past, merely stating that Carver High was built to accommodate the district's African American population, and stating

240-474: Is a high school -only school district in Phoenix , Arizona , United States . It is one of five high school-only districts in the Phoenix area. The school district serves students within a 220 square miles (570 km ) area of Phoenix, and enrollment sits around 26,000 students, enrolled within its 23 schools. Its boundaries are largely coextensive with the city of Phoenix prior to the 1960s. As of 2020 ,

270-803: The Phoenix Union High School Historic District The PUHS campus was included in the Phoenix Historic Property Register in 1986, and received landmark designation in 2003. The campus is now part of the Phoenix Biomedical Campus , including three buildings on East Van Buren Street between North 5th and North 7th Streets built in 1911–1912 and designed by Norman Foote Marsh in the Neoclassical style . As of 2007, these three buildings became part of

300-563: The University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix . The school was established in 1895, before Arizona's statehood. It was, for many years, the oldest secondary school west of the Mississippi River . When PUHS first opened, it had four classrooms and 90 students, and was located on the second floor of an elementary school. The three original main buildings, built during 1911–12, were designed by Norman F. Marsh . PUHS

330-504: The 1960s. Trevor G. Browne opened its doors in 1970s, along with alternative schools Bostrom High and Desiderata Program The racial makeup of Phoenix Union High School District schools began to change during the 1950s and 1960s. PUHS' African American and Hispanic population increased during those two decades, and by 1970, the school's White population fell to 19.3% of the student body. Despite that rise, PUHS' ethnic minorities had little say in determining and conducting education at

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360-606: The 1980s, due to declining enrollment. (North High would later reopen). Items showcasing the school's history are on display at the school's former Administration Building, now known as the Virginia G. Piper Auditorium. Phoenix voters passed a bond to purchase the Churchill Mansion near 5th Avenue and Van Buren in 1897, and convert it into the Phoenix Union High School. The school campus sits on

390-527: The Montgomery Stadium, a multi-use stadium . The stadium with capacity for 23,000 was built in the mid-1920s and dedicated in 1927. It hosted the Salad Bowl from 1948 to 1952. Also, St. Mary's high school also used it for their home field. The school was noted for having a large student body. In 1964, 6,320 students attended the school. In 1965 alone, more than 1,000 students graduated from

420-564: The United States. In Sri Lanka , A special Court created under the Municipal Council's Ordinance, No. 2 of 1947 (section 562). A municipality would appoint a Municipal Magistrate. A Municipal Magistrate may be appointed as an additional Magistrate in conjunction with his other duties. They do not have civil jurisdiction, they have jurisdiction over any breach of any municipal by-laws per the Municipal Council's Ordinance. Now

450-529: The building of a number of specialty schools. Suns-Diamondbacks Education Academy (since renamed Linda Abril Educational Academy ), a school for at-risk students , was established in 2001. Franklin Police and Fire High School , a first-of-its-kind public safety-oriented school, opened in 2007. Bioscience High opened in 2006. The district was considering whether to open another high school as other high schools were above capacity. The district chose to enact

480-695: The district covers much of Phoenix and portions of Glendale , Paradise Valley , and Scottsdale . The district has a population including 81.7% of its students being identified as "Hispanics" , and 52.4% of its students speaking Spanish at home. In all, 71 languages have been identified as primary home languages. The district employs approximately 3,000 staff, with 1,617 of them being teachers. The school district has no elementary or middle schools, and as such, it has identified 13 elementary school districts as its Partner Elementary Districts, with students who enroll with those districts being fed into PUHSD's high schools. The school district's roots lie with

510-414: The establishment of magnet programs across the district, continued summer school programs, increased transportation options for students, and the building of two more high schools. In 1999, Cesar Chavez High School opened its doors, becoming the first Phoenix Union High School to be built in 27 years. Another comprehensive high school, Betty H. Fairfax High School , opened in 2007. The 2000s also saw

540-478: The investigation, was fully aware of the policy's impact, and, despite numerous recommendations, chose not to take action of the matter. The lawsuits were later consolidated into the Castro v. Phoenix Union High School District lawsuit. Eventually, a federal judge ruled against the school district. A consent decree followed the ruling, which resulted in the reopening of North High, as well as, among other things,

570-425: The opening of Phoenix Union High School in 1895. In that same year, Arizona's Territorial Legislature passed a law that allowed districts with at least 2,000 residents to form a high school. Phoenix Union High School first opened with four classrooms and 90 students, on the second floor of an elementary school building, but eventually moved into its final location, near 7th Street and Van Buren. The school campus

600-466: The school was closed, following integration. PUHS, along with Carl Hayden High School and South Mountain High School , took on the bulk of the school district's African American students, following the end of segregation. The school's African American and Hispanic population increased during the 1950s and 1960s. By 1970, the school's White population fell to 19.3% of the student body, becoming

630-619: The school's segregated past, merely stating that Carver High was built to accommodate the district's African American population, and stating that the school closed, following integration. Until 1926, Phoenix Union High School was the school district's only school. By 1939, PUHS' student population reached 5,219, and North High School , the first school not built for the purpose of segregation, opened its doors. Between 1949 and 1957, five additional high schools were built: Camelback , Carl Hayden , Central , West , and South Mountain . Those were followed by Alhambra , East , and Maryvale in

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660-451: The school. Meanwhile, violence between the school's Hispanic and African American population eventually played a large role in everyday school life, with each side blaming the other side. A riot brought on by racial tensions also happened during the 1970s at South Mountain High School . In the 1980s, Phoenix Union High School District's board voted to close North High, PUHS, and East High, and West High, due to declining enrollment. As

690-546: The school. The school's student body declined from 1964, reaching 1,129 by 1981. The school's football team was considered to be a powerhouse in Arizona, winning 25 state championships before the school's closure, including nine consecutive state titles from 1920 to 1928. The high number of students enrolled at the school was seen as a reason behind its dominance. [REDACTED] Media related to Phoenix Union High School at Wikimedia Commons Phoenix Union High School District The Phoenix Union High School District

720-412: Was a former mansion, and was chosen at the time because it was located in a residential area, bordered in part by two arterial streets. PUHS also affected later developmental patterns in the area. In 1920, Phoenix Union High School District opened Phoenix College as Phoenix Junior College, after consultation with University of Arizona and the designing of a two-year curriculum. The school, however,

750-482: Was closed 1954, a year after a judge at the Maricopa County Superior Court ruled school segregation in Phoenix high schools was unconstitutional, in the case Phillips vs. Phoenix Union High Schools and Junior College District . PUHS, along with Carl Hayden High School and South Mountain High School , took on the bulk of the school district's African American students after desegregation. To this day, Phoenix Union High School District's website makes few references to

780-710: Was considered to be extra-legal, as no laws authorized its existence. That changed in 1927, after the Arizona State Legislature authorized and legalized the creation and maintenance of Junior Colleges in Arizona. Phoenix Union High School District would vote to transfer Phoenix College to the Maricopa County Community College District in 1963. Beginning in the late 1910s, Phoenix Union High School District began segregating its White and African American students. While segregation of elementary schools in Arizona

810-459: Was established at a rear room of PUHS's Commercial Building in 1918, with one teacher. The school's African American students were then housed in two small cottages that was separated from the PUHS campus by an irrigation ditch. Eventually, the Phoenix Union Colored High School (later renamed George Washington Carver High School ) was built on Grant Street. School segregation persisted until 1954,

840-400: Was mandated, segregation of high schools was never required under Arizona law. In 1918, a "Department for Colored Students" that was established at a rear room of Phoenix Union High School 's Commercial Building, with one teacher. The school's African American students were then housed in two small cottages that was separated from the PUHS campus by an irrigation ditch., and later placed at

870-417: Was noted to have a lamella wooden roof that is the only such gymnasium roof known to exist in Arizona. Following the school's closure, portions of the school's former campus served as the site of Phoenix's municipal court , until the courts moved into a new court complex built next to the city hall . The campus now houses the University of Arizona College of Medicine -Phoenix. The campus served as site for

900-529: Was the only high school in the Phoenix Union High School District not built for segregation purposes until 1938, when North Phoenix High School (now North High School ) opened. For a time, PUHS was a segregated school. While segregation of elementary schools in Arizona was mandated, segregation of high schools was never required by law. School segregation in the Phoenix Union High School District began, following anti- African American sentiments that increased after World War I . A "Department for Colored Students"

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