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33-525: Kaysone was born Nguyễn Cai Song (although he also used the name Nguyễn Trí Mưu for a short period in the 1930s) in Na Seng village, Khanthabouli district, French Indochina (now Kaysone Phomvihane District , Savannakhet Province , Laos). His father, Nguyễn Trí Loan, was Vietnamese and his mother, Nang Dok, was Lao. He had two sisters: Nang Souvanthong, living in Thailand, and Nang Kongmany, who lived in

66-460: A Catholic church in Savannakhet. Savannakhet is the largest province, covering an area of 21,774 square kilometres (8,407 sq mi). The province borders Khammouan province to the north, Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên–Huế provinces of Vietnam to the east, Salavan province to the south, and Nakhon Phanom and Mukdahan provinces of Thailand to the west. Notable settlements in

99-646: A little subtropical climate characteristics as the city located 16.5° north of the equator. The hottest month is April (mean = 29.5 °C (85.1 °F)) with temperature ranging from 23.9 °C (75.0 °F) to 35.2 °C (95.4 °F), while the coolest month is December (mean = 21.7 °C (71.1 °F)) with temperature ranging from 15.2 °C (59.4 °F) to 28.7 °C (83.7 °F). The diurnal temperature variation seems to be greater during winter due to dry conditions. The city experiences dry season during winter months and wet season during summer months due to activation of monsoon . The driest month

132-419: Is December with precipitation total 2.0 millimetres (0.079 in), while the wettest month is August with precipitation total 323.1 millimetres (12.72 in). Savannakhet Province Savannakhet ( Lao : ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ , pronounced [sā.wǎn nā(ʔ).kʰȅːt] ) is a province of Laos . The name derives from Savanh Nakhone ('heavenly district' or 'land of fertility suitable for agriculture')

165-518: Is a city in western Laos . It is the capital of Savannakhet Province . With a population of 125,760 (2018), it is the second-largest city in Laos, after Vientiane . Although the old French colonial quarter of the town, along the Mekong River -front, is depressed and crumbling, the town's proximity to Thailand's booming economy has brought about new commercial development in the northern part of

198-612: Is a library which contains a collection of manuscripts written in the Kham-Pali and Lao languages on palm leaves which are stated to be 200 years old. In Ban Tangvay Village of Xonbuly District, fossilized dinosaur bones found in 1930 are exhibited in the Dinosaur Exhibition Hall in Savannakhet. The Ho Chi Minh trail and remnants of American tanks and warplanes are on display in Phin District on Route 9, near

231-437: Is made up of the following 15 districts: The population of this largest province of Laos is 969,697 as of the 2015 census, spread over 15 districts. The ethnic minority groups residing in the province include Lao Loum , Phu Tai , Tai Dam , Katang , Mongkong , Vali , Lavi , Souei , Kapo , Kaleung and Ta Oi . However, in the 2000 census, only three ethnic groups were listed: Lao Loum (Lowland Lao), Phu Tai, and Bru ,

264-710: Is on the grounds of a 19th-century monastery in Thakhek . Sikhottabong was an important kingdom in ancient Indo-China. Its capital was in the north-west of the province, in the present village of Meuang Kabong, on the eastern shores of the Banghiang River , about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) east of the Mekong. Other centers of the kingdom were in Viang Chan, Khammuan, Nong Khai, and Udon. Khmer Empire ruins dating to 553 and 700 CE have been found at Heuan Hin. In

297-705: Is one of the main tobacco producing areas of Laos. Apart from the provincial capital, Savannakhet, which is a trading centre opposite to Mukhdahan town in Thailand, other places of interest in the town area are the Roman Catholic Church, a Vietnamese temple and school. Most of the buildings in the town are in the French architectural style of their colonial rule. In the Ban Nonglamchan Village in Champhone District, there

330-596: Is the site of the largest mine in Laos, with reserves of copper and gold. During the Iron Age , copper smelting and copper mining was held at the archaeological site Vilabouly Complex . Prehistoric human occupation is evidenced by the first stone tools in the province, dating back between 100,000 and 12,000 years. The first bronze tools date to 2000 BCE. The region was then the center of the Sikhottabong Kingdom. The much-venerated Pha That Sikhottabong stupa

363-445: The Mekong River connects Mukdahan province in Thailand with Savannakhet in Laos. Its capital, Savannakhet , also known as Kaysone Phomvihane or Muang Khanthabouly is Laos' second largest city after Vientiane . It forms an important trading post between Thailand and Vietnam. Along with Bolikhamsai and Khammouane provinces, Savannakhet is one of the main tobacco producing areas of Laos. It has numerous natural resources. Xépôn

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396-851: The National Assembly . Thongsavanh is the head of the LPRP External Relations Committee. Sanyahak was elected to the LPRP Central Committee at the 8th LPRP Congress and became a Major General at the age of 40 in 2008. However, he suffered an early death on 19 July 2013 at the age of 45. Santiphap currently serves as Governor of Savannakhet Province . Kaysone Phomvihane District Savannakhet ( Lao : ສະຫວັນນະເຂດ , pronounced [sā.wǎn nā(ʔ).kʰȅːt] ), officially named Kaysone Phomvihane ( Lao : ໄກສອນ ພົມວິຫານ ); since 2005 and previously known as Khanthaboury ( Lao : ຄັນທະບູລີ ),

429-667: The 1990s. He discovered tree fossils ( Araucarioxylon hoffetti ), turtles, and a sauropod , Tangvayosaurus hoffetti . Aptian age findings include a Psittacosaurus . In Pha Lane, on the banks of the Sê San River , a theropod was discovered. Fossils are exhibited in a dinosaur museum in Savannakhet. The Savannakeht Provincial Museum has exhibits of war relics, artillery and inactive UXOs . Museum exhibits include three small bowls (diameter 50 centimetres (20 in)) and two large (diameter of 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) or more), seriously damaged but decorated, discovered in

462-607: The 20th century, Savannakhet province was one of the seats of the struggle for independence. Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane originated in the province. The town was bombed and then occupied by Thai armed forces during the Franco-Thai War . During the Vietnam War , the eastern part of the province was crossed by the Ho Chi Minh trail . It was heavily bombed by U.S. forces and loyalists. Some areas are still under

495-583: The Lao Bao border check post. There are five fossil sites in the province. The best known of the Cretaceous fossil sites is that of Tang Vay, 120 kilometres (75 mi) northeast of Savannakhet, which dates to 110 million years ago. The site was discovered by the geologist Josué Hoffet in 1936 and was explored by a team led by Philippe Taquet from the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle of Paris in

528-748: The Minister of Defense of the Resistance Government (Neo Lao Issara) from 1950. In 1955, he was instrumental in setting up the LPRP at Xam Neua in the north, and subsequently served as the Pathet Lao leader. For several years, he mostly stayed in the background, with Prince Souphanouvong serving as the Pathet Lao's figurehead. In the years which followed, he led communist forces against the Kingdom of Laos and U.S. forces. Kaysone came out of

561-725: The USA. He attended law school at University of Indochina in Hanoi alongside fellow future revolutionary Nouhak Phoumsavan , but dropped out to fight the French colonialists in Vietnam. Later, he joined the Pathet Lao movement. He became an active revolutionary while studying in Hanoi during the 1940s, establishing the Lao People's Liberation Army (LPLA) on 20 January 1949 and becoming

594-649: The border is "very close" to the 1945 French-made border between Laos and Annam. According to Vatthana Pholsena, assistant professor of Southeast Asian Studies at the National University of Singapore and author of the book "Post-War Laos", Kaysone was "the top policy maker and a strongman in the LPDR". He created Sekong Province to honour the southern minority for their support in the war effort. Kaysone died in Vientiane on 21 November 1992. After his death,

627-509: The district of Sepon (2001) and along the banks of the Mekong (2008). Their handles imitate basketry. The Dong Son culture is represented by several bronze drums. The Wat Inghang temple, about 2000 years old, is located in the Ban Thad village. It was built to commemorate a visit of Lord Buddha when he was the guest of King Sumitatham of the Sikhottabong Kingdom. King Saysethathirath had

660-553: The earliest Savannakhet period. The temple has a large garden with ancient trees surrounding it. There is also a workshop near the entrance from the river side where golden Buddha statues are made. Pimai Lao festival is held in the province and boat racing is an important event. Heuan Hin ("stone house") is a shrine in Ban Dongdokmay. It was built during the Khmer regime in honour of their Sikhottabong Kingdom. The stone house

693-500: The first leader of Laos from 1975 to 1992 after the dissolution of the Kingdom of Laos . In 2018, its status was upgraded to that of a "city". In order to attain city status, a district or municipality must be financially self-sufficient and have a population of at least 60,000 persons. The city is served by Savannakhet Airport . Savannakhet features a tropical savanna climate ( Aw ) according to Köppen climate classification with

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726-400: The general public on 9 January 2007. The annual per capita income of Kaysone Phomvihane City is US$ 2,041 (2018). The settlement of Savannakhet was formerly called Khanthaboury . Then it became Savannakhet . Its name was changed to Kaysone Phomvihane in 2005, while retaining its status as the provincial capital of Savannakhet Province. The city is the birthplace of Kaysone Phomvihane ,

759-514: The government of Laos built a museum in his honor, partially funded by Vietnam. In 2012, his cremated ashes were transferred from their original resting place to the newly built National Cemetery. Kaysone had four sons: Saysomphone , Thongsavanh , Sanyahak, and Santiphap, all of whom went on to hold important positions in the LPRP. Saysomphone served as President of the Lao Front for National Construction and currently serves as President of

792-530: The monarchy, and proclaimed the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Kaysone nominated Souphanouvong as first president, while he was named prime minister, which he held until becoming president in 1991. Along the way, he married Thongvin Phomvihane . Under Kaysone's watch, the process of demarcating the border between Laos and Vietnam started in 1977 and finished in 2007. According to Western journalists,

825-439: The only ones recognized by the provincial government. The Bru, however, are a diverse people with various dialects and cultures. Sepon Mine , about 400 kilometres (250 mi) southeast of Vientiane , is the largest mine in Laos, with reserves of copper and gold. In the 1980s, Laotians panned for gold here using pieces of shrapnel and aircraft wreckage. Early exploration occurred in 1990 by Australian mining company CRA, which

858-427: The province include Savannakhet , Muong Song Khone , Ban Nhiang , Seno , Dong-Hen , Muang Phalan , Ban Sanoun , Muang Phin , Ban Dong, Ban Nammi , Ban Nao Tai . The Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge over the Mekong connects Mukdahan province in Thailand with Savannakhet in Laos. The bridge is 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) long and 12 metres (39 ft) wide, with two traffic lanes. Areas under protection in

891-545: The province include Xe Bang Nouan National Biodiversity Conservation Area to the south, Dong Phou Vieng National Protected Area to the southeast, and Phou Xang He National Protected Area to the north. Phou Xang He has rocky mountain ranges, and is known for local Puthai culture. The Dong Phou Vieng is known for its ancient forest with tall vegetation, a sacred lake and That Ing Hang Stupa ; there are endangered Eld's deer , silver langurs and hornbills which are rarely found in other reserves. The largest province in Laos

924-506: The province's original name. It bears the same meaning as Nakhon Sawan , a city in Thailand . The province is in the southern part of the country and is the largest province in Laos. It borders Khammouane province to the north, Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên–Huế provinces of Vietnam to the east, Salavan province to the south, and Nakhon Phanom and Mukdahan provinces of Thailand to the west. The Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge over

957-543: The shadows in December 1975, shortly after the Pathet Lao took Vientiane, and seized control of the country. At a National Conference of People's Representatives that opened on December 1, Kaysone declared the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. The following day, on a motion by presiding officer Kaysone, the National Conference accepted King Sisavang Vatthana 's abdication, abolished

990-599: The temple remodeled during 1548. It is approached by Route 9 between Savannakhet and Seno. An annual festival is held here on the first full moon of the lunar calendar. The Wat Xayaphoum temple was built in 1542 in Xayaphoum village on the bank of the Mekong River during the period when Ban Thahir or Nakham temple was built. As the Buddhist centre and largest monastery in Laos, its arts and architecture are dated to

1023-479: The threat of unexploded ordnance . In 2007, the Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge was opened across the Mekong from Savannakhet to Mukdahan, Thailand . In April 2008, a chance discovery was made at Meuang Kabong consisting of 8.5 kilograms (19 lb) of gold and 18.7 kilograms (41 lb) of silver objects, as well as pillars and traces of brick walls. Many missionaries came here, evidenced by

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1056-672: The town, near both the river crossing and the bus terminal. Like all Lao cities, Savannakhet has a mixed population of Lao , Thai , Vietnamese and Chinese , as well as minority peoples from the Lao interior. It has a large 15th-century Buddhist temple, Wat Sainyaphum, a Chinese temple, the Catholic Co-Cathedral of St. Therese and a mosque. The Second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge over the Mekong connects to Mukdahan Province in Thailand . The two-lane, 12-metre-wide (39 ft), 1,600-metre-long (5,250 ft) bridge opened to

1089-515: Was subsequently awarded a contract. It is now operated, and 90% owned by MMG Limited . Sepon became the country's first significant foreign mining interest when it opened in 2002. Other mining companies operating in the province (2008) include: Wanrong Cement III, Lane Xang Minerals LTD (Vilabuly District), Lane Xang Minerals Ltd (Vilabuly District), Lao State Gypsum Mining Co Ltd (Champhone District), and Savan Gypsum Mining Co. (Champhone District). Along with Bolikhamsai and Khammouane provinces, it

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