The gens Plautia , sometimes written Plotia , was a plebeian family at ancient Rome . Members of this gens first appear in history in the middle of the fourth century BC, when Gaius Plautius Proculus obtained the consulship soon after that magistracy was opened to the plebeian order by the Licinio-Sextian rogations . Little is heard of the Plautii from the period of the Samnite Wars down to the late second century BC, but from then to imperial times they regularly held the consulship and other offices of importance. In the first century AD, the emperor Claudius , whose first wife was a member of this family, granted patrician status to one branch of the Plautii.
28-621: The Plautii of the later Republic claimed descent from Leucon , the son of Neptune and Themisto , the daughter of Hypseus , King of the Lapiths . The coins minted by Publius Plautius Hypsaeus depict Neptune and Leucon. The nomen Plautius is derived from the common Latin surname Plautus , flat-footed. Chase classifies the name among those gentilicia that were either native to Rome, or which occurred there and cannot be shown to have originated anywhere else. However, other scholars have suggested that they may have come from Privernum ,
56-516: A stag – for the unlucky profanation of her virginity's mystery. Upon hearing the call of his hunting party, he cried out to them and immediately transformed. At this, he fled deep into the woods, and doing so he came upon a pond and, seeing his reflection, groaned. His own hounds then turned upon him and pursued him, not recognizing him. In an endeavour to save himself, he raised his eyes (and would have raised his arms, had he had them) toward Mount Olympus. The gods did not heed his desperation, and he
84-558: A child born when his father was far from home, although morphologically it seems to be a diminutive of Proca , a name occurring in Roman mythology as one of the Kings of Alba Longa . Later Plautii were entangled in the affairs of the imperial family during the first century, this branch first appears in the later years of the Republic, and flourished until the time of Nero . They often bore
112-574: A city of southern Latium . Several of the early Plautii appearing in the Fasti consulares carried on war against the Privernates. The earlier Plautii mainly used the praenomina Lucius and Gaius , and occasionally Publius and Marcus . The later Plautii employed different names, mainly Aulus , Quintus , Marcus and Tiberius . The only distinct family of the Plautii during
140-446: A plausible reconstruction of an ancient Actaeon myth that Greek poets may have inherited and subjected to expansion and dismemberment. His reconstruction opposes a too-pat consensus that has an archaic Actaeon aspiring to Semele , a classical Actaeon boasting of his hunting prowess and a Hellenistic Actaeon glimpsing Artemis' bath. Lacy identifies the site of Actaeon's transgression as a spring sacred to Artemis at Plataea where Actaeon
168-551: Is in what Aktaion suffered, his pathos , and what Artemis did: the hunter became the hunted; he was transformed into a stag , and his raging hounds, struck with a 'wolf's frenzy' ( Lyssa ), tore him apart as they would a stag." The many depictions both in ancient art and in the Renaissance and post-Renaissance art normally show either the moment of transgression and transformation, or his death by his own hounds. Among others, John Heath has observed, "The unalterable kernel of
196-473: Is not directly comparable to Ishtar of the many lovers, but the mytheme of Artemis shooting Orion , was linked to her punishment of Actaeon by T.C.W. Stinton; the Greek context of the mortal's reproach to the amorous goddess is translated to the episode of Anchises and Aphrodite . Daphnis too was a herdsman loved by a goddess and punished by her: see Theocritus ' First Idyll. In Greek Mythology, Actaeon
224-493: Is turned into a stag, he becomes "horned". This is alluded to in Shakespeare's Merry Wives , Robert Burton 's Anatomy of Melancholy , and others. The two main scenes are Actaeon surprising Artemis/Diana, and his death. In classical art Actaeon is normally shown as fully human, even as his hounds are killing him (sometimes he has small horns), but in Renaissance art he is often given a deer's head with antlers even in
252-403: Is widely thought to symbolize ritual human sacrifice in attempt to please a God or Goddess: the dogs symbolize the sacrificers and Actaeon symbolizes the sacrifice. Actaeon may symbolize human curiosity or irreverence. The myth is seen by Jungian psychologist Wolfgang Giegerich as a symbol of spiritual transformation and/or enlightenment. Actaeon often symbolizes a cuckold, as when he
280-798: The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library . Pausanias , Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4 . Online version at
308-500: The Perseus Digital Library Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols . Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library . Stephanus of Byzantium , Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt, edited by August Meineike (1790-1870), published 1849. A few entries from this important ancient handbook of place names have been translated by Brady Kiesling. Online version at
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#1732766194085336-654: The Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website . Gaius Julius Hyginus , Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Hesiod , Catalogue of Women from Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Online version at theio.com Nonnus of Panopolis , Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from
364-462: The Plautii bore no cognomen; these seem to have used the alternative spelling, Plotius , more than the others. Leucon In Greek mythology , the name Leucon ( / ˈ lj uː k ɒ n / ; Ancient Greek : Λεύκων) may refer to: Leucon, a son of Themisto by either Athamas or Poseidon . His children were Erythras , Pisidice , Hyperippe and Euippe (mother of Eteocles by Andreus ). He
392-869: The Topos Text Project. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] This article includes a list of Greek mythological figures with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific Greek mythology article referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended Greek mythology article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leucon&oldid=1243865080 " Categories : Set index articles on Greek mythology Children of Poseidon Greek mythological heroes Family of Athamas Mythological Boeotians Animals in mythology Hidden category: All set index articles Actaeon Actaeon ( / æ k ˈ t iː ə n / ; Ancient Greek : Ἀκταίων Aktaiōn ), in Greek mythology ,
420-539: The herdsman, shepherd and chief shepherd Who was always heaping up the glowing ashes for you, And cooked ewe-lambs for you every day. But you hit him and turned him into a wolf, His own herd-boys hunt him down And his dogs tear at his haunches. Actaeon, torn apart by dogs incited by Artemis, finds another Near Eastern parallel in the Ugaritic hero Aqht , torn apart by eagles incited by Anath who wanted his hunting bow. The virginal Artemis of classical times
448-586: The hounds were Artemis' own; some lost elaborations of the myth seem to have given them all names and narrated their wanderings after his loss. A number of ancient Greek vases depicting the metamorphosis and death of Actaeon include the goddess Lyssa in the scene, infecting his dogs with rabies and setting them against him. According to the Latin version of the story told by the Roman Ovid having accidentally seen Diana (Artemis) on Mount Cithaeron while she
476-518: The middle Republic bore the cognomen Venno or Venox , a hunter. Frontinus describes a story, in which Gaius Plautius, censor in 312 BC, obtained the cognomen Venox by discovering the springs that fed the Aqua Appia , Rome's first aqueduct . However, Venno occurs before this, and appears more often in the fasti . The first of this family to obtain the consulship bore the additional cognomen Hypsaeus , later spelled Ypsaeus on coins, which
504-517: The oracle at Delphi , the god bade them bury in the ground whatever remains they could find of Actæon: he also bade them to make a brazen copy of the spectre and fasten it with iron to the stone. This I have myself seen, and they annually offer funeral rites to Actæon." In the standard version of the Epic of Gilgamesh (tablet vi) there is a parallel, in the series of examples Gilgamesh gives Ishtar of her mistreatment of her serial lovers: You loved
532-497: The praenomen Aulus. This was the family of Aulus Plautius , the first Roman governor of Britain . Many members also wore the cognomen Silvanus , originally referring to one who dwells in the forest. The imperial Plautii of the late second century may have been descended from one of these families through marriage, but were apparently descended from the Titii in the male line, and used Plautius because of its greater dignity. Many of
560-464: The road in Attica leading to Plataea from Eleutherae , just beyond Megara "and a little farther on a rock. It is called the bed of Actaeon, for it is said that he slept thereon when weary with hunting and that into this spring he looked while Artemis was bathing in it." "As to Actæon there is a tradition at Orchomenus , that a spectre which sat on a stone injured their land. And when they consulted
588-613: The tale was a hunter's transformation into a deer and his death in the jaws of his hunting dogs. But authors were free to suggest different motives for his death." In the version that was offered by the Hellenistic poet Callimachus , which has become the standard setting, Artemis was bathing in the woods when the hunter Actaeon stumbled across her, thus seeing her naked. He stopped and stared, amazed at her ravishing beauty. Once seen, Artemis got revenge on Actaeon: she forbade him speech – if he tried to speak, he would be changed into
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#1732766194085616-406: Was a hero archegetes ("hero-founder") The righteous hunter, the companion of Artemis, seeing her bathing naked in the spring, was moved to try to make himself her consort, as Diodorus Siculus noted, and was punished, in part for transgressing the hunter's "ritually enforced deference to Artemis" (Lacy 1990:42). Notes: In the second century AD, the traveller Pausanias was shown a spring on
644-497: Was bathing, he was changed by her into a stag, and pursued and killed by his fifty hounds. This version also appears in Callimachus' Fifth Hymn, as a mythical parallel to the blinding of Tiresias after he sees Athena bathing. The literary testimony of Actaeon's myth is largely lost, but Lamar Ronald Lacy, deconstructing the myth elements in what survives and supplementing it by iconographic evidence in late vase-painting, made
672-496: Was evidently a personal cognomen, as it does not appear again for over a century, when this name replaces the older Venno . Proculus , which occurs as the cognomen of the first Plautius to obtain the consulship, also seems to have been a personal cognomen; it is not apparent whether this Plautius was part of the same family as the Vennones. Proculus was an old praenomen, which the Roman antiquarians supposed to have been given to
700-1223: Was said to have died of a sickness. Leucon, one of Actaeon 's dogs. Leucon, in Plutarch 's Life of Aristides , one of the seven heroes to whom the Athenians, according to an oracle , had to sacrifice if they wanted to overcome their foes in the imminent battle. The other six were Androcrates , Peisandrus , Damocrates , Hypsion , Actaeon and Polyeidus . Notes [ edit ] ^ Apollodorus , 1.9.2; Nonnus , 9.314 ^ Hyginus , Fabulae 175 ^ Pausanias , 6.21.11 ^ Stephanus of Byzantium , s.v. Argynnion ^ Hesiod , Ehoiai fr. 70.8–43; West (1985a) , p. 66 n. 79) ^ Pausanias, 9.34.9 ^ Pausanias, 9.34.7 ^ Ovid , Metamorphoses 3.218; Hyginus, Fabulae 181 ^ Plutarch, Aristides 11.3 References [ edit ] Apollodorus , The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at
728-630: Was that he was a rival of Zeus for Semele , his mother's sister, whereas in Euripides ' Bacchae he has boasted that he is a better hunter than Artemis: Further materials, including fragments that belong with the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women and at least four Attic tragedies, including a Toxotides of Aeschylus , have been lost. Diodorus Siculus (4.81.4), in a variant of Actaeon's hubris that has been largely ignored, has it that Actaeon wanted to marry Artemis. Other authors say
756-487: Was the son of the priestly herdsman Aristaeus and Autonoe in Boeotia , and a famous Theban hero . Through his mother he was a member of the ruling House of Cadmus . Like Achilles , in a later generation, he was trained by the centaur Chiron . He fell to the fatal wrath of Artemis (later his myth was attached to her Roman counterpart Diana ), but the surviving details of his transgression vary: "the only certainty
784-448: Was torn to pieces. An element of the earlier myth made Actaeon the familiar hunting companion of Artemis, no stranger. In an embroidered extension of the myth, the hounds were so upset with their master's death, that Chiron made a statue so lifelike that the hounds thought it was Actaeon. There are various other versions of his transgression: The Hesiodic Catalogue of Women and pseudo-Apollodoran Bibliotheke state that his offense
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