The Prussian Thaler (sometimes Prussian Reichsthaler ) was the currency of Prussia until 1857. In 1750, Johann Philipp Graumann implemented the Graumannscher Fuß with 14 thalers issued to a Cologne Mark of fine silver, or 16.704 g per thaler.
12-532: Gold coins were called as Friedrich d'or from 1750 to 1857 except for 1797 (Ducant in 1797), and silver coins were called as Thalers. The weight, and finesse of coins had changed as the kings changed. Until 1821, the thaler was subdivided in Brandenburg into 24 Groschen , each of 12 Pfennige . In Prussia proper, it was subdivided into 3 Polish Gulden = FL = Zloty , each of 30 Groschen (each Groschen = 18 Pfennige) or 90 Schilling . Prussia's currency
24-520: A Cologne Mark of gold 130/144 fine, or 6.032 g fine gold; at worst 35 1 ⁄ 6 to a Mark 129/144 fine, or 5.957 g fine gold. Only Bremen stayed on the Thaler Gold standard of 5 thalers per pistole until German Reunification in 1871. On the obverse of the Friedrich d'or was the king's head, and on the reverse was an eagle standing on its shield. Cologne Mark The Cologne Mark
36-636: The Tower pound (12 ounces), the Merchant's pound (15 ounces), and the London pound (16 ounces). The Cologne pfund (2 marks) should not be confused with the pfund of around 350 grams, 5400 grains, used in the Nuremberg apothecaries' system ( Apothekergewicht ), and was approximately equal to the old Tower pound (1 1 ⁄ 2 marks). This pfund had 12 unzen , each of which contained 36 Gran , with
48-560: The stock exchanges and elsewhere. Around 1780, for example, the Saxon August d'or was quoted at 116 to 120 groschen sächsischen silberkurantgeldes (4.83 to 5 thalers, Saxon silver currency), with a maximum discount of 4 groschen (0.17 thaler). In the 19th century it usually had a low premium. Prussian purchase contracts or bonds payable in 5-thaler gold pistoles (rather than silver currency) were noted as payable in "XX thalers, preußisch Courant" or "Friedrich d'or". Modelled on
60-567: The Spanish doubloon and French Louis d'or , the forerunner of the Friedrich d'or was the Wilhelm d'or. It was first minted in 1741 by Frederick II . It was continued by his successors Frederick William II , Frederick William III and Frederick William IV , until 1855. From 1747 a double Friedrich d'or was minted, and a half Friedrich d'or from 1749. Its fine weight sank in 1770 from 6.05 to 6.03 grams. The Friedrich d'or pistole of 5 thalers
72-527: The thaler's silver equivalent of 18.3 g is still below the standard. What followed was the North German thaler's silver standard lowered after 1750 to 13 1 ⁄ 3 per Cologne Mark , or 17.539 g fine silver (in Prussia, 14 per Mark or 16.704 g). When the gold-silver ratio rose again, the pistole then traded at 5 thalers plus an agio or premium. The pistole's standard varied slightly; at best 35 to
84-649: The value of the North German thaler to parity with the Prussian thaler, also 14 to a Mark. In 1857, these North German and Prussian thalers were replaced by the Vereinsthaler , having become the standard across much of Germany . This article about a unit of currency is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This German history article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Friedrich d%27or The Friedrich d'or
96-500: Was a Prussian gold coin ( pistole ) nominally worth 5 silver Prussian thalers . It was subsequently copied by other North German states under their own rulers' names ( August-, Friedrich-August-, Christian d'or ) and valued at 4.8-5 silver North German thalers . It was used from 1741 to 1855 as a regularly-issued gold trade coin at this time, and was traded at a small premium or discount to its face value of five thalers in silver standard currency ( silberkurantgeld ) used in
108-546: Was a unit of weight (or mass) equivalent to 233.856 grams (about 3,609 grains ). The Cologne mark was in use from the 11th century onward. It came to be used as the base unit for a number of currency standards, including the Lübeck monetary system, which was important in northern Europe in the late Middle Ages , and the coinage systems of the Holy Roman Empire , most significantly the 1754 conventionsthaler , which
120-474: Was defined as 1 ⁄ 10 of a Cologne Mark and replaced the reichsthaler which had been 1 ⁄ 9 of a Cologne mark. The Mark was defined as half a Cologne Pfund ( pound ). A Pfund was divided into 16 Unzen ( ounces ) of 29.23 grams, (about 451 grains). Each Unze was subdivided into 2 Lot , 8 Quentchen , and 32 Pfennig . This ounce was the basis of several other pounds, including in England
132-403: Was issued when the ratio of gold to silver price dropped from 15 to 14.5 in the first half of the 18th century, making it cheaper to repay thaler-denominated obligations in gold. At 6.05 g fine gold per pistole, each thaler was worth 1.21g fine gold & 1.21 x14.5 = 17.545 g fine silver, cheaper than the prevailing standard of 19.488 g fine silver. Even at the pistole's lower value of 4.8 thalers,
SECTION 10
#1732787768521144-481: Was unified in 1821, with the Thaler subdivided into 30 Silbergroschen , each of 12 Pfennige . While the predominant North German thaler used in other North German states from 1750 to 1840 was issued 13 1 ⁄ 3 to a Mark and appeared in denominations of 2 ⁄ 3 and 1 1 ⁄ 3 thalers, the Prussian thaler was issued 14 to a Mark and appeared as a 1-thaler coin. From the 1840s, several states set
#520479