Misplaced Pages

#570429

45-530: Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River (from Comanche Kecheahquehono  'Prairie Dog Town River') is a sandy-braided stream about 120 mi (193 km) long, formed at the confluence of Palo Duro Creek and Tierra Blanca Creek , about 1.8 mi (2.9 km) northeast of Canyon in Randall County, Texas , and flowing east-southeastward to the Red River about 1 mi (2 km) east of

90-416: A game , like its competitor Duolingo . Memrise uses spaced repetition to accelerate language acquisition. Spaced repetition is an evidence-based learning technique that incorporates increasing intervals of time between subsequent review of previously learned material to exploit the psychological spacing effect . The use of spaced repetition has been shown to increase the rate of memorization. Users of

135-829: A 1959 decision by the United States Board on Geographical Names , this main tributary of the Red River is properly called the Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River, and should not be called the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River, Prairie Dog Town Fork of Red River, or the South Fork of the Red River. Comanche language The name Comanche comes from the Ute word kɨmantsi "enemy, stranger". Their own name for

180-449: A great many more languages available, including minority and ancient languages. As of 2018, the app had 35 million registered users. Memrise has been profitable since late 2016, having a turnover of $ 4 million monthly. Memrise was founded by Ed Cooke , a Grand Master of Memory , Ben Whately and Greg Detre , a Princeton neuroscientist specializing in the science of memory and forgetting. The website launched in private beta after winning

225-571: A handful of verbs, termed auxiliary verbs , are frequently combined with others. These forms take the full range of aspectual suffixes. Common auxiliary verbs in Comanche include hani 'to do, make', naha 'to be, become', miʔa 'to go', and katʉ / yʉkwi 'to sit'. An example of how the verbs combine: katʉ to sit +   miʔa to go =   katʉmiʔa to ride (and go) katʉ + miʔa = katʉmiʔa {to sit} {} {to go} {} {to ride (and go)} As mentioned above, Comanche has

270-687: A language with scarce learning materials, by utilizing community courses. Speech communities of endangered languages have made use of the platform to aid in their revitalization endeavors, as seen in the case of Ume Sámi , a language spoken by fewer than 50 people in Sweden. In the United States , indigenous nations have published courses on Memrise to support efforts to revitalize their heritage languages, including Cherokee , Seneca , Comanche , Potawatomi , and Choctaw . In Singapore , an initiative known as Kodrah Kristang to revitalize

315-491: A learning platform centered around crowdsourcing and community engagement, has undergone a noticeable transition by gradually phasing out significant features in favor of prioritizing their official content offerings. In late February 2019, Memrise announced that user-created content will be moving to a different web-based platform. It was announced that this new website would not have an app and that users would be unable to access their material offline. On 25 February 2020, as

360-472: A long vowel is the (ee) in [wakaréʔeː] 'turtle'. Short vowels can be lengthened when they are stressed. Short vowels can be either voiced or voiceless. Unstressed short vowels are usually devoiced when /s/ or /h/ follows and optionally when word-final. Voiceless vowels are non-phonemic and therefore not represented in this chart. In the conventional orthography, these vowels are marked with an underline: ⟨a̱, e̱, i̱, o̱, u̱, ʉ̱⟩ . Comanche has

405-441: A new "experience" based on official content. In February 2024, Memrise has again separated community courses to a new website, which is not accessible through the updated mobile app, meaning that users can no longer download the courses for offline accessibility. The official notice states that the courses will remain on the new website until "at least the end of 2024". The CEO Steve Toy has made posts announcing and trying to explain

450-464: A picture of Abraham Lincoln listening to a ghetto blaster with the caption "Abe ends work in the evening" for the German word Abend , which means "evening". For learning Chinese characters , mems have been created to help relate their meaning and the concept they represent. In 2012, Ed Cooke highlighted the network effect associated with learning through mems, explaining that "the more people on

495-515: A response to the loud criticism from users, Memrise decided to undo the split (i.e. closing Decks and merging its content back to the Memrise main site.) However, in November 2023, Memrise announced on a forum post that it planned to "sunset" user-created courses. The very forum was closed on 8th December 2023 as the company shifts its focus from supporting community-created content to developing

SECTION 10

#1732772774571

540-546: A revitalization project". A research conducted by NEȾOLṈEW̱, a Canadian partnership working on indigenous language revitalization, praises the motivational effect of Memrise' leaderboard for learners, but raises concerns about the issue of data sovereignty . In 2023, the successes of the Memrise projects for Ume Sámi and Kristang were cited as "inspiring stories" by the UNESCO publication Digital initiatives for indigenous languages . Apart from resources for language learning,

585-432: A rich repertoire of instrumental prefixes , and certain verbs (termed instrumental verbs) cannot occur without an instrumental prefix. These prefixes can affect the transitivity of a verb. The Comanche instrumental prefixes are listed below: Comanche parts of speech include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and interjections (such as haa 'yes' and kee 'no'), as well as particles . The standard word order

630-405: A subordinate verb has the same or different subject as the main verb, and in the case of Comanche, also the temporal relation between the two verbs. When the verb of a subordinate clause has a different subject from the verb of the main clause , and the time of the verbs is simultaneous, the subordinate verb is marked with -ku , and its subject is marked as if it were an object. When the time of

675-461: A typical Numic consonant inventory. As with the vowel charts, the basic symbols given in this chart are in the IPA , whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them. Comanche stress most commonly falls on the first syllable. Exceptions to this rule, such as in the words Waʔsáasiʔ ' Osage people ', and aná 'ouch!', are marked with an acute accent. For

720-431: Is subject–object–verb , but it can shift in two specific circumstances. The topic of a sentence, though marked with one of two particles, is often placed at the beginning of the sentence, defying the standard word order. Furthermore, the subject of a sentence is often placed second in a sentence. When the subject is also the topic, as is often the case, it ends up in the first position, preserving SOV word order; otherwise,

765-547: Is fed by springs, providing a base flow that is often increased significantly by runoff from rainstorms. It provides the water for Lake Tanglewood and River Falls prior to flowing through the Palo Duro Canyon State Park . The stream continues in a southeasterly direction through southern Armstrong and northeastern Briscoe County , where it exits Palo Duro Canyon and starts across the rolling red-bed country of central Hall County , where it merges with

810-470: Is the first feature film to have a full Comanche language dub. Memrise Memrise is a British language platform that uses spaced repetition of flashcards to increase the rate of learning. It is based in London, UK. Memrise offers user-generated content on a wide range of other subjects. The Memrise app has courses in 16 languages and its combinations, while the website for "community courses" has

855-553: The 100th meridian , 8 mi (13 km) south-southwest of Hollis, Oklahoma . The Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River is the southernmost of two major forks which form the headwaters of the Red River. It begins as an ephemeral stream on the level surface of the Llano Estacado in Randall County , about 4 mi (6 km) northeast of Canyon, Texas . The stream initially runs northeastward then southeastward across Randall County, flowing through Palo Duro Canyon , where it

900-558: The Little Red River . The stream continues across Hall and Childress Counties, merging with Buck Creek and forming the Red River proper, 8 mi (13 km) south-southwest of Hollis, Oklahoma . When the Prairie Dog Town Fork crosses the 100th meridian at the eastern edge of Childress County, its south bank becomes the state boundary between Texas and Oklahoma . The name is derived from its Comanche name, Kecheahquehono , which means Prairie Dog Town River. According to

945-682: The Princeton Entrepreneurship Club 2009 TigerLaunch competition. In July 2010, Memrise was named as one of the winners of the London Mini-Seedcamp competition. In November 2010, the site was named as one of the finalists for the 2010 TechCrunch Europas Start-up of the Year. In March 2011, it was selected as one of the Techstars Boston startups. In May 2017, Memrise was named as the winner of

SECTION 20

#1732772774571

990-462: The University of California , organized a workshop in 2018 to teach participants to use Memrise for teaching and learning endangered languages with the aim of revitalization, considering that Memrise is "an ideal tool for language revitalization because it’s flexible, community-oriented, easy-to-use, fun, and free" and "a great way for fluent elders and more tech-savvy young people to collaborate on

1035-552: The "Best App" award at the second edition of the Google Play awards. On 1 October 2012, 100 users were allowed to sign up to test a non-beta version of the website called Memrise 1.0. As of May 2013, a Memrise app has been available for download on both the App Store (iOS) and Google Play . As of January 2020, the app received $ 21.8 million of investments in a total of seven seed rounds. Memrise makes language studying

1080-428: The 1963 film McLintock! , also starring John Wayne , McLintock (Wayne) and Chief Puma (Michael Pate) speak Comanche several times throughout the film. In a 2013 Boston Globe article, linguist Todd McDaniels of Comanche Nation College commented on Johnny Depp 's attempts to speak the Comanche language in the film The Lone Ranger , saying, "The words were there, the pronunciation was shaky but adequate." In

1125-417: The 2016 film The Magnificent Seven two of the titular characters, a Comanche warrior named Red Harvest and Sam Chisholm, an African-American warrant officer, speak Comanche to each other. In the 2019 TV series The Son , the main character, Eli McCullough, lives with a tribe of Comanche natives, who speak in Comanche to each other and later to him. The 2022 movie Prey , set in the early 18th century,

1170-648: The Comanche Nation Language Department has published learning materials. As of 2022, there were fewer than nine fluent native speakers of Comanche, many of the group having succumbed to old age, health problems, or the COVID-19 pandemic . Comanche has a typical Numic vowel inventory of six vowels. In addition, there is the common diphthong /ai/ . Historically, there was a certain amount of free variation between [ai] and [e] (as shown by comparison with Shoshoni cognates), but

1215-618: The Department of Education of Keelung City Government has taken initiatives to foster the education of indigenous and local languages by publishing Memrise-based learning materials for the Amis , Taroko , Taiwanese Hakka , and Taiwanese Hokkien languages. Journalist Joshua Foer , in an attempt to communicate with the Pygmy peoples in the Congo Basin , was able to pick up Lingala ,

1260-504: The belief that it was better for them not to know Comanche. The Comanche language was briefly prominent during World War II . A group of seventeen young men referred to as the Comanche Code Talkers were trained, and used by the U.S. Army to send messages conveying sensitive information in the Comanche language so that it could not be deciphered by the enemy. As of July 2013, there were roughly 25-30 native speakers of

1305-612: The community has produced courses for other subject matters, including geography, history, mathematics, natural science, some designed for general interests and some for test preparation . In July 2024, Memrise announced in a blog-post that community courses will be removed from their new app experience, moving them to a separate platform. Memrise used to have a function known as "mems," which are user-generated mnemonic devices or memory aids to help learners remember and retain new information more effectively. Mems are often designed to be humorous or even absurd to be memorable, such as using

1350-643: The critically endangered Kristang language includes a vocabulary course based on Memrise. The success of this project "inspired the start of similar projects among speakers of other Indigenous languages," like Unangam Qilinĝingin to teach the Aleut language spoken in Alaska . Courses of many other endangered languages can be found, including the other Sámi languages , Hawaiian , Yiddish , Cornish , Greenlandic , Navajo , Irish , and Welsh . The Institute on Collaborative Language Research, founded at

1395-525: The fourth syllable of a word with six syllables. The Comanche Alphabet was developed by Dr. Alice Anderton, a linguistic anthropologist, and was adopted as the official Comanche Alphabet by the Comanche Nation in 1994. The alphabet is as follows: Like many languages of the Americas, Comanche can be classified as a polysynthetic language . Comanche nouns are inflected for case and number, and

Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-439: The language is nʉmʉ tekwap ʉ , which means "language of the people". Although efforts are now being made to ensure its survival, most speakers of the language are elderly. In the late 19th century, Comanche children were placed in indigenous boarding schools where they were discouraged from speaking their native language, and even severely punished for doing so. The second generation then grew up speaking English, because of

1485-407: The language possesses a dual number. Like many Uto-Aztecan languages, nouns may take an absolutive suffix. Many cases are also marked using postpositions . Personal pronouns exist for three numbers (singular, dual, and plural) and three persons . They have different forms depending on whether or not they are the subject or object of a verb, possessive (including reflexive possessive forms), or

1530-440: The language, according to The Boston Globe . The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee offers dictionaries and language-learning materials. Comanche language courses were available at the now-closed Comanche Nation College . The college previously conducted a language-recording project, as the language is "mostly oral", and emphasized instruction for tribal members. On the language-learning platform Memrise ,

1575-410: The leaderboard on the website was temporarily suspended due to "extensive cheating". Specific users had been using bots and non-intensive mechanisms, such as celebrity photo memory courses, to achieve atypical scores that were not reflective of actual learning. In response, the administrators established a new leaderboard after revising the scoring loopholes. Over time, Memrise, initially established as

1620-420: The more popular languages. In 2012, less than two years after its launching, Memrise had already crowdsourced materials for about 100 languages, "from Catalan to Haitian Creole ." Courses have been created by enthusiasts to teach Klingon , Toki Pona , and Esperanto , among other artificial languages . Classical languages , such as Latin and Ancient Greek , have been covered as well. In Taiwan ,

1665-528: The object of a postposition. Like many languages of the Americas , Comanche first-person plural pronouns have both inclusive and exclusive forms . The Comanche paradigm for nominal number suffixes is illustrated below (in the practical orthography): Many of the verb stems regularly are suppletive : intransitive verbs are suppletive for singular versus plural subject and transitive verbs are suppletive for singular versus plural object . Verbs can take various affixes, including incorporated nouns before

1710-501: The official forum. As of March 2024, Memrise has official materials for 23 languages for English speakers, combined with a GPT-3 -powered "AI Language partner" that allows learners to practice human-like conversations, which Memrise believes can help learners to overcome the "confidence gap" in language acquisition. Official courses do not cover the vast majority of languages covered by community courses, nor are there any non-language-related official materials. In late September 2012,

1755-516: The platform have the ability to create personalized "courses," which consist of curated lists of words and phrases that can be accompanied by audio and pictures. These courses can be used for individual learning purposes or shared with the community by making them publicly available in the course catalogue. This feature has led to the accumulation of a diverse range of "community courses" over time, which has proven useful for studying languages with limited resources or those of niche interest, in addition to

1800-426: The purposes of stress placement, the diphthongs /ai/, /oi/, and /ui/ act as one vowel with one mora . Additionally, possessive pronouns, which serve as proclitics , do not affect the stress of a word, so that nʉ + námi 'my sister' retains its stress on the /a/ in námi . Secondary stress is placed on the second syllable of a two-syllable word; the third syllable of a word with three, four, or five syllables; and

1845-495: The site, the more there are contributing new content for the mems". In 2013, Ben Whately and Ed Cooke discussed their team's approach to take advantage of the Intenet obsession with cats and "the relationship between cuteness and improved cognitive function" to create memorable mems. However, since September 2022, mems have been completely removed from the site, despite overwhelmingly negative feedback from users as expressed in

Prairie Dog Town Fork Red River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-433: The stem. Most verb affixes are suffixes, except for voicing-changing prefixes and instrumental prefixes. The verb stem can take a number of prefixes and suffixes. A sketch of all the elements that may be affixed to the verb is given on the right: In addition to verbal affixes, Comanche verbs can also be augmented by other verbs. Although in principle Comanche verbs may be freely combined with other verbs, in actuality only

1935-593: The subject will be placed second. For example, the English sentence 'I hit the man' could be rendered in Comanche with the components in either of the following two orders: 'I' (topic) 'man' (object) 'hit' (an aspect marker) - the standard SOV word order - or 'man' (object and topic) 'I' 'hit' (an aspect marker) - an OSV word order, which accentuates the role of the man who was hit. Like other Numic languages, Comanche has switch-reference markers to handle subordination. This refers to markers which indicate whether or not

1980-460: The variation is no longer so common and most morphemes have become fixed on either /ai/ or /e/ . In the following chart, the basic symbols given are in the IPA , whereas the equivalent symbols in the conventional orthography are given to the right of them. Comanche distinguishes vowels by length. Vowels can be either long or short. Long vowels are never devoiced and in the orthography they are represented as (aa, ee, ii, oo, uu, ʉʉ). An example of

2025-483: The verbs is not simultaneous, the subordinate verb is marked with one of several affixes depending on the duration of the subordinate verb and whether it refers to an action which occurred before that described by the main verb or one which occurred after. In the 1956 film The Searchers , starring John Wayne , there are several badly pronounced Comanche words interspersed, such as nawyecka ( nooyʉka 'move camp around') and timoway ( tʉmʉʉ 'buy, trade'). In

#570429