68-458: The Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC) is an independent statutory organisation responsible for implementing, monitoring and further developing the standards of care provided by all statutory, private and voluntary ambulance services in Ireland . It is also responsible for conducting examinations at six levels of pre-hospital care, the control of ambulance practitioner registration and
136-505: A Naval Service Reserve (both recruited directly from the civilian population). A reorganization of the RDF in 2013, referred to as the "single force concept", has resulted in units of the RDF being embedded within units of the PDF, rather than existing entirely in parallel as a separate reserve force; this moves away from the traditional approach of the RDF being considered a fourth service branch of
204-504: A CEN stretcher, cardiac monitor/defibrillator, suction unit, diagnostic equipment, trauma kits, resuscitation kits, medications and oxygen. Ambulances are also capable of securely holding an incubator in place of a stretcher. The National Ambulance Service College (NASC) ( Irish : Coláiste Náisiúnta an tSeirbhís Otharchairr ) was first established in 1986 as the National Ambulance Training School and
272-602: A joint report by Dublin City Council and the Health Service Executive that was completed in 2016 and withheld from the public domain was released after the broadsheet newspaper The Irish Times sought its publication through a freedom of information request. The findings of this review highlighted serious flaws in the delivery of the Dublin ambulance service primarily because of a lack of integration between
340-689: A long-standing policy of non-belligerence in armed conflicts, including neutrality in World War II . Ireland's military capabilities are modest. However, the state has a long history of involvement in United Nations peacekeeping operations. Functions of the Defence Forces include: The Defence Forces trace their origins to the Irish Volunteers , founded in 1913. Their official Irish-language title, Óglaigh na hÉireann ,
408-756: A third college was opened in Tullamore , County Offaly , this college serves as a training centre for paramedics. The colleges provide training to NAS staff, hospital staff, An Garda Síochána , Irish Defence Forces personnel and fire service personnel. All colleges are operated by the National Ambulance Service and most of its courses are approved by the Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC). Paramedic and advanced paramedic programmes are conducted in conjunction with University College Cork . Calls from
476-464: A three-month national bank strike. In 1978, cash-in-transit escorts were established to protect large cash movements throughout the state, continuing until 2014. Tasks in military aid to the civil power continue today, but no longer to the same degree or intensity. In 2020, the Irish defence budget was €1.04bn. This included €780m on defence and €259m on army pensions. Department of Defence spending
544-557: A very limited arms industry. The Army has light armoured vehicles, with the primary vehicle being the MOWAG Piranha , armed with machine guns. Its artillery capabilities consist of 120mm mortars and 105mm light guns. The Army Ranger Wing (ARW) are the special forces of Ireland. They are based at the Curragh. The Air Corps is the air component of the Defence Forces. Its HQ is at Casement (Baldonnel) Aerodrome . The Air Corps
612-689: A vessel if necessary. In 2019, for example, there were approximately 780 boarding operations and 12 vessels were detained . The service's specialised diving unit is the Naval Service Diving Section . The primary role is defined as "National Security", with secondary roles which include: The Reserve Defence Forces (RDF) in its current form was established in October 2005 and comprises the First Line Reserve, Army Reserve (AR) and Naval Service Reserve (NSR). The RDF
680-443: A white open-neck shirt bearing the ambulance service crest as well as high-visibility outerwear for night time and poor visibility conditions. Clinical grade is depicted by use of coloured shoulder sliders; green for emergency medical technician , Pale blue for student paramedic , pale blue with navy stripe for paramedic intern, navy for paramedic , yellow for advanced paramedic and red for control operations staff. The dress uniform
748-553: Is a minimum of 2 years (including internship). In 2019, the rollout of a bachelor's degree began, which is to become the standard of education for a paramedic in Ireland. All organisations and companies who are providing an ambulance service in any capacity must register with PHECC as a CPG Approved Service Provider to work to the current edition of Clinical Practice Guidelines published by PHECC. Approved Service Providers are broken down into four categories. 3rd Edition CPG Providers are
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#1732787241580816-516: Is a part-time, voluntary component of the Defence Forces in peacetime, supporting the Permanent Defence Forces (PDF) in its domestic roles and training alongside its professional full-time colleagues as part of the "Single Force Concept" whereby RDF units are integrated with their PDF counterparts, coming under the one command. As of August 2024, there were 1,720 reservists out of an established strength of 4,096, consisting of 167 in
884-674: Is advised by the Council of Defence on the business of the Department of Defence . As of December 2023, there were 7,550 permanent personnel in the Defence Forces out of an established strength of 9,500, a decrease from September 2020 when there were 8,529 personnel, comprising 6,878 Army, 752 Air Corps and 899 Naval Service personnel. As of August 2024, there were also 1,720 personnel in the Reserve Defence Force out of an established strength of 4,069. The Irish state has
952-486: Is also responsible for providing decontamination services in the event of a chemical, biological or nuclear incident. A special-purpose Incident Response Team (IRT) is available to deploy and operate the decontamination service. The Marine Ambulance Response Team (MART) was established primarily in response to concerns of the risk of mass casualty/mass patient incidents on board the many Irish Sea ferry services travelling between Ireland and Great Britain . This service
1020-867: Is based at the organisation's new HQ named the Rivers Building in Tallaght , which also houses the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC). 999/112 emergency calls are processed here also, as well as a second base in Ballyshannon, Donegal. Up until then, St. Mary's Hospital in the Phoenix Park , Dublin was the training location. There is also a second campus based in Ballinasloe , County Galway , which trains paramedics and Intermediate Care Operatives. In 2021
1088-464: Is navy blue with a white shirt and peaked cap. All front line ambulances operated by the service are CEN compliant. Almost identical to UK ambulances, they are yellow in colour with green and yellow battenburg markings along the vehicle. They are fitted with emergency lighting, digital Tetra radios, touchscreen data terminals, satellite navigation and tracking systems. The ambulance saloon is fully insulated with environmental control. Equipment includes
1156-595: Is now divided into two Brigade areas for administrative and operational reasons, with the former 4 Western Brigade split between the other two brigades. In addition to the brigade structure, there is also the Defence Forces Training Centre, a logistics base in the Curragh . The two-brigade structure envisages distinct operational areas of responsibility for each of the brigades. The 1st Brigade has primary responsibility for operational tasks in
1224-586: Is provided in conjunction with the Irish Coast Guard and Dublin Fire Brigade . The NAS also provides a Neonatal Intensive Care emergency ambulance service and a Mobile Intensive Care Unit which are available 24-hours a day nationwide to transport their respective patients and medical teams to specialised facilities. Irish Defence Forces The Defence Forces ( Irish : Fórsaí Cosanta , officially styled Óglaigh na hÉireann ) are
1292-539: Is responsible for the deployment of ambulances at national level with the exception of Dublin, and incorporates a national computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system as well as an integrated national terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA) system on a statewide network. In 2014, the rollout of the TETRA system was completed and all ambulances are now fitted with TETRA terminals. In addition all paramedics are issued with hand-portable TETRA radios. These systems allow controllers to dispatch
1360-717: Is taken from the equivalent Irish-language title of the Irish Volunteers, as are their cap badge and the buttons worn on ceremonial uniforms (the buttons are still marked with the initials "IV"). The Irish Volunteers were central to the Easter Rising staged in April 1916. After the rising, the Volunteers gave allegiance to the First Dáil , the parliament of the revolutionary Irish Republic . At this time
1428-571: Is tasked with enforcing this European-Union-protected area and thus serves the EU as well as Ireland. Together with the Air Corps and Customs , it has intercepted a number of vessels carrying narcotics to and from Ireland. The Naval Service has six patrol vessels (2xP50, 4xP60) which are operated in support of the service's primary roles, inflatable seagoing craft, and training vessels. It maintains highly-trained armed boarding parties that can seize
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#17327872415801496-558: Is the smallest of the branches of the Defence Forces, with approximately 689 personnel, and its primary roles are defined as: There are two secondary roles: The Air Corps provides support to the Army and Naval Service, together with non-military air services such as the Emergency Aeromedical (air ambulance) Service , VIP transport, and search and rescue (in support of Coast Guard search and rescue efforts). The Air Corps
1564-612: Is unable to provide the traditional air force role of defending Irish airspace as it has no fighter aircraft . The Air Corps has two Airbus C295 maritime patrol aircraft equipped with detection systems to assist the Naval Service in patrolling Ireland's territorial waters and exclusive economic zone . These aircraft are also used for high-altitude, low-opening parachuting by the Army's ARW. The Air Corps has six AgustaWestland AW139 utility helicopters capable of being armed with FN MAG machine guns. These are used in support of
1632-532: The Department of Defence warned that Defence Forces members could not take part in or sponsor any "public agitation", and that PDFORRA had "no express permission" for members to take part in the protests. All ranks of the RDF are represented by the Reserve Defence Forces Representative Association (RDFRA). Complaints concerning and made by serving and former members of the Defence Forces can be investigated by
1700-542: The HSE for patients by conducting over 233 Emergency Aeromedical Service missions and 32 inter-hospital air ambulance transfers. The Naval Service maintains a complement of approximately 725 active personnel and 97 reserve personnel and is tasked with patrolling Irish territorial waters as well as the Irish Conservation Box , a large area of sea in which fishing is restricted to preserve fish numbers. It
1768-801: The Infantry Corps , Artillery Corps , Cavalry Corps , Engineer Corps , Ordnance Corps , Medical Corps , Transport Corps , Military Police Corps , and the Communications and Information Services Corps . In the case of corps which support the infantry , a Corps Director and staff are provided to coordinate the purchase of specialised equipment, the execution of specialised training, and other necessary activities. Irish infantry are equipped with assault rifles , machine guns , grenade launchers , hand grenades , and anti-tank weapons . Most weapons used by their defence forces follow NATO standards and are purchased from abroad, with Ireland having
1836-598: The Irish Defence Forces and Event Medical Services Ltd. 3rd Edition CPG Providers are listed on the PHECC website and updated regularly. In 2010, PHECC launched a poster-advertising and television-ad campaign aimed at informing the general public of what to do if they should witness an adult suddenly collapse. Its focus was to emphasise the fact that CPR can still be effective without mouth-to-mouth contact. Pocket-sized cards were distributed with instructions on
1904-683: The Oireachtas the new parliament of the Irish Free State." The Forces were established on 1 October 1924. The state was officially neutral during World War II but declared an official state of emergency on 2 September 1939 and the Army was mobilised. As the Emergency progressed, more and newer equipment was purchased for the rapidly expanding force from Britain and the United States as well as some manufactured at home. For
1972-770: The Reserve Defence Forces (RDF), military reserve forces which support the PDF if necessary. The PDF is organised into three service branches: the Army , the Naval Service , and the Air Corps . The RDF may be further subdivided into a First Line Reserve (FLR) and a Second Line Reserve; the First Line Reserve comprises former members of the Permanent Defence Force, while the Second Line Reserve comprises an Army Reserve and
2040-512: The St John Ambulance Brigade of Ireland avail of responder training to allow their members provide on-site first aid at the various events they cover. Certain remote communities have set up their own individual Cardiac First Response programmes, where various people in the area are trained to PHECC Level 1 (CFR) standard and are provided with an Automated External Defibrillator . These responders can then be called or paged to
2108-597: The United Nations Observation Group in Lebanon (UNOGIL). Since 1958 the Defence Forces have had a continuous presence on armed United Nations peacekeeping operations, except between May 1974 to May 1978 (although they did retain overseas unarmed observer missions during this period). The first armed peacekeeping mission was to the Operation des Nations Unies au Congo (ONUC) in 1960. During
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2176-639: The armed forces of Ireland . They encompass the Army , Air Corps , Naval Service , and Reserve Defence Forces . The Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces is the President of Ireland . All Defence Forces officers hold their commission from the President, but in practice, the Minister for Defence acts on the President's behalf and reports to the Government of Ireland . The Minister for Defence
2244-654: The ARW, Naval Service and Garda Síochána operations, and are the only helicopters within the state capable of flying at night in mountain terrain using night-vision technology. The eight Pilatus PC-9 turboprop trainers can be equipped with rocket pods and machine guns, and two Eurocopter EC135 light utility helicopters (which can be used as sniper platforms by the ARW) are used for training pilots and for air-ambulance missions. The Air Corps conducted over 130 maritime surveillance patrol flights in 2019, and provided medical support to
2312-550: The DFB ambulance service is being run in comparison to the NAS. Matters to be reviewed include the way ambulances are dispatched, service provision and value for money. As of 2014, Dublin City Council receives a payment of almost €10 million per annum from the National Ambulance Service budget to fund the DLAFES ambulance service. The HSE stated that the National Ambulance Service could provide
2380-464: The DFB control room with access to the DFB computer-aided dispatch system and conversely having two DFB controllers in NAS NEOC performing a similar function. The Motorcycle Response Unit (MRU) currently operates in Dublin and Cork City . The fleet of high-powered touring motorcycles are available when required to respond to various trauma/medical incidents. Riders are paramedics recruited from within
2448-620: The Defence Forces. In January 2022, the Commission on the Defence Forces recommended the establishment of an 'Information Command', under the command of a general, to handle cyberattacks and misinformation. As of December 2023, the Army had approximately 6,136 active personnel, with 1,351 personnel in the Army Reserve . Up to late 2012 the army had three brigades : 1 Southern, 2 Eastern and 4 Western; in 2012, 4 Western Brigade stood down at its HQ Custume Barracks, Athlone. The state
2516-479: The Dublin area. The concerns were related to the lack of integration between the two services from a command and control perspective and the fact that Dublin City Council does not fall under the remit of the healthcare watchdog Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA). In 2014, a joint review of the ambulance service in Dublin was announced by Dublin City Council, the HSE and HIQA to address concerns raised about how
2584-622: The First Line Reserve, 1,456 in the Army Reserve, and 97 in the Naval Service Reserve. The interests of members of the Defence Forces are represented by a number of representative associations, similar to trade unions (which Irish military personnel are banned from joining). Officers of the PDF are represented by the Representative Association of Commissioned Officers , Rank-and-file members of
2652-505: The Health Service Executive to provide an ambulance service through the Dublin Local Authorities Fire and Emergency Service (DLAFES). This service currently operates under its own command and control and with the exception of Health Service Executive funding, is entirely independent of the National Ambulance Service. In 2013, a draft proposal by the HSE addressed concerns with the system of ambulance provision in
2720-820: The Irish Community Air Ambulance was launched based in Rathcoole , North Cork designated callsign Helimed 92. This community funded charity service, like the Emergency Aeromedical Service Air Corps 112, is tasked to calls by the National Emergency Operations Centre (NEOC). This service can respond to any point in a 25,000 km radius from its base in North Cork within 30 minutes. In 2020 this service responded to 490 incidents across 13 counties, this increased to 512 incidents across 14 counties in 2021 and in
2788-427: The National Ambulance Training School was established to provide training to ambulance staff on a national level, catering for the progression of pre-hospital care and the development of skills in the ambulance service as a whole. This was the first step towards nationalisation of the service, however it was not until 2005 with the establishment of the Health Service Executive (HSE) that the new National Ambulance Service
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2856-570: The National Army when, on 24 May 1923, the anti-treaty IRA Chief of Staff , Frank Aiken ordered his volunteers to dump arms. On 3 August 1923 the new state passed the Defence Forces (Temporary Provisions) Act, raising "an armed force to be called Oglaigh na hEireann [ sic ] (hereinafter referred to as the Forces) consisting of such number of officers , non-commissioned officers , and men as may from time to time be provided by
2924-623: The ONUC mission, a company from the Irish Army were involved in a battle at Jadotville , in which the Irish held out against a larger Katangese force. A memorial to Irish personnel who served as United Nations peacekeepers was unveiled in 2009 in the town of Fermoy , recording that there was a total of ninety Irish fatalities while on active service with the UN until that date. During the Troubles ,
2992-706: The PDF are represented by the Permanent Defence Force Other Ranks Representative Association (PDFORRA), which is affiliated to the Irish Conference of Professional and Service Associations and to the European Organisation of Military Associations, EUROMIL . In 2009, members of PDFORRA took part in an Irish Congress of Trade Unions protest against the government's handling of the post-2008 Irish economic downturn , at which time
3060-711: The Volunteers became known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA). From 1919 onwards, the IRA waged a guerrilla campaign against British rule in Ireland that is now known as the War of Independence . A truce in July 1921 brought hostilities to an end; the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on 6 December. The Provisional Government was then constituted on 14 January 1922. The IRA divided between those who accepted
3128-471: The administration of medication typically oral , intramuscular , inhaled, nebulised or sublingual . Paramedics are trained in additional training in advanced pharmacology, anatomy, advanced airway management (supraglottic airways), some advanced life support skills, 12 leads ECG's, administration of medication typically oral , intramuscular , inhaled, nebulised or sublingual and they are also allowed to maintain IV lines. Paramedic training in Ireland
3196-444: The border to Northern Ireland . G2 , the Army's intelligence section, played a vital role in the detection and arrest of German spies, such as Hermann Görtz . In September 1946, the Naval Service was established as Ireland's maritime force and as a permanent component of the Defence Forces. Ireland became a member of the United Nations in 1955. The first contribution to peacekeeping was in 1958 when Army officers were assigned to
3264-453: The closest available NAS ambulance to the scene. Dublin Fire Brigade also have a control centre located in their headquarters in Tara Street and handle 999 ambulance calls for the four Dublin local authorities. The National Ambulance Service directly provides all 999 emergency ambulance services in Ireland. The exception is Dublin, where in addition to the National Ambulance Service, Dublin City Council operates under service-level agreement to
3332-445: The decision of the Dáil in ratifying the Treaty and those who did not: consequently, both civil war and re-occupation by the British became possible. In February 1922, the pro-treaty IRA became the National Army of the Irish Free State. With declining relations between the remaining units of the anti-treaty IRA and the newly recruited pro-treaty National Army, the Irish Civil War broke out on 28 June 1922. It ended in victory for
3400-429: The duration of the Emergency, Ireland, while formally neutral, tacitly supported the Allies in several ways. Allied aircraft were allowed to access the Atlantic Ocean via the Donegal Corridor . German military personnel were interned in the Curragh along with the belligerent powers' servicemen, whereas Allied airmen and sailors who crashed in Ireland were very often repatriated, usually by secretly moving them across
3468-483: The entire Dublin ambulance service directly for around €3 million per annum less. In 2016 an independent national capacity review of the ambulance service was carried out by UK company Lightfoot Solutions with consultation from the NHS Association of Ambulance Chief Executives which indicated that an additional 200 staff were needed in order for the NAS to take over the DFB ambulance provision which currently consists of 14 ambulances operated through its 900 staff. In 2023,
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#17327872415803536-893: The first four months of 2022 the service has responded to 325 emergencies. In addition to frontline emergency ambulance services, the HSE National Ambulance Service provides a routine and non-routine inter-facility transfer service 24 hours a day. In 2012, the NAS introduced the Intermediate Care Vehicle (ICV). This specially designed vehicle is equipped and crewed for the purpose of providing an inter-facility transfer service and responding to low acuity 999 calls, which in turn will make more frontline vehicles, crewed by higher skilled paramedics and advanced paramedics, available for emergencies. The ICVs are capable of being utilised as first responders/additional vehicles for emergencies. The vehicles are crewed by two Pre Hospital Emergency Care Council (PHECC) registered Emergency Medical Technicians (formerly known as Intermediate Care Operatives (ICOs). The NAS
3604-433: The original capital ceiling of the National Development Plan. This also included budget for an additional 400 enlisted personnel during 2024. The Defence Forces are organised under the Chief of Staff , supported by Deputy Chief of Staff Operations, and the Deputy Chief of Staff Support. They consist of a Permanent Defence Force (PDF), which is a standing force and provides the main capability for military operations, and
3672-479: The period of civil conflict centred on Northern Ireland from 1969 to 1998, the Defence Forces deployed to aid the Garda Síochána. Troops were deployed for duty to the border areas, new border military posts were established, and in 1973 new permanent border units were established. In 1974, troops were deployed to maximum-security prisons in Portlaoise and Limerick where IRA prisoners were detained. Armed troops were deployed in 1976 to all major post offices during
3740-554: The practitioner had contact with a patient. It is the responsibility of the licence holder to maintain an ongoing, predetermined standard of competency. A state-level exam needs to be completed before you are invited to register as an EMT. EMT's in Ireland do not practice on frontline emergency ambulances. Instead, they provide intermediate care. EMT's are trained in basic life support , anatomy / physiology , pathophysiology , pharmacology , ECG monitoring, advanced airway management (supraglottic airways), spinal immobilization and
3808-455: The procurement of an integrated radar system for land, sea and air function and that the Army's structures and capabilities would be redesigned to meet "international best practice". The plan also proposed the establishment of an Office of Reserve Affairs to design a Reserve Defence Forces "regeneration plan". The projected budget for 2024 was €1.5bn, including an extra €21m over previous expenditure and €34m in capital expenditure on top of
3876-432: The public to 999/112 are processed using the advanced medical priority dispatch system . Call takers ask the caller a series of structured questions and assign a determinant code to the call based on that information. This information is then passed on to the paramedics to determine a blue light or non-blue light response to the call. The National Emergency Operations Center (NEOC) is located in Tallaght, Dublin . This centre
3944-402: The publication of clinical practice guidelines . There are six skill levels obtainable. They are divided into responder and practitioner categories. As of September 2019, all practitioners working on an emergency ambulance must be trained to a minimum of paramedic , however in 2021 this minimum requirement was temporarily waived allowing an EMT to crew with a paramedic or advanced paramedic for
4012-533: The register annually in order to practice. Once registered, practitioners are governed by a code of conduct, care principles, regulations and various laws, (primarily tort law) when engaging with the public. As a result, practitioners are subject to professional accountability in terms of their professional practice and actions. Upon qualification and registration, a practitioner is issued with an identification number and licence card. The practitioner's PIN must be entered on all patient care records for any incident where
4080-464: The remainder of the COVID-19 era. A practitioner working on a non-emergency transport or intermediate care vehicle must be at least an emergency medical technician . Responder training is aimed towards workplace response, Gardaí , fire service personnel, military personnel , voluntary first aid organisations, sports clubs and security services. Voluntary first aid services such as Civil Defence , Order of Malta Ambulance Corps , Irish Red Cross and
4148-440: The scene of a cardiac arrest to provide CPR and defibrillation, where the increased response time of an ambulance would greatly affect the patient's outcome. This is mandatory for all PHECC registered practitioners to keep their practitioner level and should always be kept in date (2 years). This course is the new standard for first aid in the workplace. Basic Tactical Emergency Care Practitioners must maintain their place on
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#17327872415804216-487: The service. In October 2018, a Motorcycle Response Unit was added to Cork City. The bikes used are Honda NT650V Deauvilles and BMW RT1200 's. The Emergency Aeromedical Service is an air ambulance based at Custume Barracks in Athlone, jointly operated by airmen from No 3 Operations Wing of the Air Corps and advanced paramedics from NAS designated callsign Air Corps 112. It principally responds to remote areas which would be otherwise difficult to access by road. In 2019,
4284-491: The southern region, while the 2nd Brigade leads on operational tasks in the eastern and western regions. Practical operational considerations dictate the requirement to outline operational areas of responsibility. The brigade structure is based on strengthened combat and combat-support elements, together with streamlined combat-service-support elements. The Army has nine specialist corps , each designated as either combat, combat support or combat service support. These are
4352-446: The statutory public ambulance service in Ireland . The service is operated by the National Hospitals Office of the Health Service Executive , the Irish national healthcare authority. The Health Act, 1970 allowed for the provision of an ambulance service by each of the eight health boards for their respective area. The health board ambulance services operated independently of each other, being funded from their board budget. In 1986,
4420-399: The steps to take: The Red Card has been developed by PHECC to help responders prepare prior to calling an ambulance. The card will prompt appropriate information from the Garda Síochána and Fire Service personnel on-scene who require an emergency ambulance to attend. HSE National Ambulance Service The National Ambulance Service ( Irish : An tSeirbhís Náisiúnta Otharchairr ) is
4488-436: The two services with regard to the processing of calls and dispatch of ambulance vehicles. The matter was subsequently raised in parliament during a meeting of the public accounts committee and led to the formation of a “task and finish” group to formulate a solution. After several meetings the group agreed in the interim to offset the inherent risk of having two services operating in the same city by placing two NAS controllers in
4556-434: Was 0.27% of GDP in 2020 and 0.29% in 2019. In 2022, the defence sector budget was €1.1bn and in July of that year the Irish government announced plans to increase this to €1.5bn by 2028. As part of the plans to move to "Level of Action 2", as of 2022, the number of civil and military personnel was set to be increased from 9,500 to 11,500. Planning also began for improvements in radar capabilities. The Defence Forces specified
4624-494: Was established. With the new service being established, and with the new training standards implemented by the Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Council , the service acquired a national insignia, standardised uniforms, vehicles and equipment as well as a national recruitment process for staff. The National Ambulance Training School was renamed the National Ambulance Service College to reflect the new organisational structure. The operational uniform consists of green cargo trousers with
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