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19-501: The Adjutant General has a deputy adjutant general, who is the principal advisor assisting in the discharge of responsibilities in the areas of logistics, fiscal compliance, and personnel administration. In 1906, a group of Puerto Ricans met with the United States-appointed Governor of Puerto Rico Beekman Winthrop , and suggested the organization of a Puerto Rican National Guard. The petition failed because

38-689: A family of wealth and influence in New York. He was born in Orange, New Jersey , and attended Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts , where he received a Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree in 1897 and a LL.B degree from Harvard Law School in 1900, graduating second in his class. A descendant of both John Winthrop , first Governor of Massachusetts, and John Winthrop, the Younger , first Governor of Connecticut, immediately after graduating he became

57-574: A personal secretary to future president William Howard Taft while Taft was Governor-General of the Philippines . Winthrop was soon promoted to Assistant Executive Secretary of the Philippines (1901–1903) and was appointed as a Judge of the Court of First Instance , Philippine Islands (1903–1904). He was known to be a personal friend of Theodore Roosevelt and was appointed by him in 1904 as Governor and General Commander of Puerto Rico, at age 28. He

76-500: A senior partner of Robert Winthrop & Co. in New York, from which capacity he stepped down in 1939. At the end of his life he lived in New York on East 69th Street, where he died on November 10, 1940. He is buried at Green-Wood Cemetery . The Winthrops did not have children, however, Nathaniel Thayer Winthrop, a son of Frederic Bayard Winthrop, named his son, Beekman Winthrop (1941–2014) to honor his uncle. Court of First Instance A trial court or court of first instance

95-407: Is a court having original jurisdiction , in which trials take place. Appeals from the decisions of trial courts are usually heard by higher courts with the power of appellate review ( appellate courts ). Most appellate courts do not have the authority to hear testimony or take evidence, but instead rule solely on matters of law. In the trial court, evidence and testimony are admitted under

114-601: Is primarily an appellate court, but has original jurisdiction in cases involving a diplomatic official or a state. Because different U.S. states apply different names to their courts, it is often not evident whether a court has general or limited jurisdiction or indeed is a trial court at all. For instance, the Maine District Court is a court of limited jurisdiction, but the Nevada District Courts are courts of general jurisdiction. Likewise,

133-564: The U.S. Constitution prohibits the formation of any armed force within the United States and its territories without the authorization of Congress. Puerto Ricans served in the "Porto Rico Regiment" (later renamed 65th Infantry Regiment ) as part of the regular United States Army during World War I , many of which received their military training at Camp Las Casas in Santurce a sector of San Juan, Puerto Rico . Luis R. Esteves ,

152-527: The United States Tax Court in the federal judiciary) or by other means, such as small claims courts in many states for civil cases with a low amount in controversy . Other trials do not take place in courts at all, but in quasi-judicial bodies or in administrative agencies with adjudicatory power created by statute to make binding determinations with simplified procedural practices, such as arbitration . The United States Supreme Court

171-595: The federal judiciary ; each state has a system establishing trial courts of general jurisdiction, such as the circuit courts in Florida, the superior courts in California, and the New York Supreme Court in New York state. Most trial courts are courts of record , where the record of the presentation of evidence is created and must be maintained or transmitted to the appellate court. The record of

190-412: The rules of evidence established by applicable procedural law and determinations called findings of fact are made based on the evidence. The court, presided over by one or more judges , makes findings of law based upon the applicable law. In most common law jurisdictions, the trial court often sits with a jury and one judge; in such jury trials , the jury acts as trier of fact . In some cases,

209-598: The Governor. As such, he assisted the Governor in military matters. Major Wilson served as Adjutant of Puerto Rico until he died in 1938. Major General Luis Raul Esteves was the first commanding officer of the Puerto Rico National Guard, and in 1938, became the first "Adjutant General", a position he held until his retirement on June 30, 1957. As adjutant general, he was the Governor's senior military adviser and oversaw both state and federal missions of

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228-567: The Puerto Rico National Guard. In July 2015, Puerto Rico Governor Alejandro Garcia Padilla named Colonel Martha Carcana Adjutant General of the Puerto Rican National Guard. She is the first Puerto Rican woman to be named as such. In January 2017, Brigadier General Isabelo Rivera was named adjutant general by Governor Ricardo Rosselló . Among the units under the command of the Adjutant Generals command are

247-529: The approval of the Governor and the Insular Legislature, the Puerto Rican National Guard was organized in 1919. In 1919, Governor Yager named Major John A. Wilson (U.S. Army) the first adjutant of Puerto Rico. The Adjutant is a military rank or appointment. The position did not require that Wilson hold the rank of general. The appointment of the Adjutant of Puerto Rico was the responsibility of

266-583: The first Puerto Rican to graduate from the United States Military Academy , helped organize the 23rd Battalion, which would be composed of Puerto Ricans and be stationed in Panama during World War I. It became apparent to Esteves that Puerto Rico needed a National Guard. After the war, esteves and various officers took up the matter with then U.S.-appointed governor of Puerto Rico Arthur Yager . Esteves' efforts were successful and with

285-603: The following: The following are the former and current Adjutant Generals of Puerto Rico: Beekman Winthrop Beekman Winthrop (September 18, 1874 – November 10, 1940) was an American lawyer , government official and banker. He served as the governor of Puerto Rico from 1904 to 1907, as assistant secretary of the Treasury in 1907–1909, and assistant secretary of the Navy in 1909–1913. The son of Robert Winthrop and Kate Wilson Taylor, Beekman "Beek" Winthrop came from

304-413: The judge or judges act as triers of both fact and law, by either statute, custom, or agreement of the parties; this is referred to as a bench trial . In the United States, a trial court of general jurisdiction is authorized to hear some type of civil or criminal case that is not committed exclusively to another court. The United States district courts are the trial courts of general jurisdiction of

323-422: The trial court is certified by the clerk of the trial court and transmitted to the appellate body. Not all cases are heard in trial courts of general jurisdiction. A trial court of limited jurisdiction is authorized to hear only specified types of cases. Trial courts of limited jurisdiction may be limited in subject-matter jurisdiction (such as juvenile , probate , and family courts in many U.S. states, or

342-422: Was appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury . In 1909, he was made Assistant Secretary of the Navy , a post he retained, functioning in time of need as Acting Secretary, until 1913, when he was succeeded by a young New Yorker, Franklin D. Roosevelt . Following his retirement from public service in 1913, he was a director of National City Bank . He resigned from the bank in 1916. He subsequently became

361-828: Was confirmed by the Congress. Melza Riggs Wood (1870–1928), four years his senior, whom he married in 1903, became the First Lady of Puerto Rico . Winthrop took oath as governor of Puerto Rico on July 4, 1904, and served until April 17, 1907. On his inauguration, he promised improvements to the educational system of Puerto Rico. Winthrop was a proponent of bringing citizenship and locally elected officials to Puerto Rico system of governance. The press reported favorably on Winthrop's activities, and reporters were especially impressed with Mrs. Winthrop's fluency in Spanish, which made her popular among local population. In 1907, Winthrop

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