Félix Pyat (4 October 1810 – 3 August 1889) was a French socialist journalist, playwright, politician and a leading figure of the Paris Commune .
21-861: He was born in Vierzon ( Cher ), to an upper middle-class family. His father had been a priest before the French Revolution , later secularizing, marrying, and becoming a lawyer and political Legitimist . Pyat passed the Paris bar in 1831, but never practiced law instead throwing his whole energies into journalism. During the 1830s and 1840s Pyat enjoyed success as a journalist, critic and playwright helped along by writers such as Jules Janin , Henri LaTouche , and George Sand . In politics Pyat's work took on an increasing anti-monarchist and pro-socialist, and romantic stance. Important influences were Victor Hugo and Eugène Sue . The violent personal attacks in
42-465: A Benedictine monastery was built (on the site of the current Town Hall) are there any records. The monks came from the abbey of Deuvre, at Saint-Georges-sur-la-Prée , after the abbey was sacked by the Normans in 903. They brought with them the relics of St. Perpetua. These relics were again transferred to the church of Notre-Dame de Vierzon in 1807, where they remain today. Also in the 10th century,
63-404: A logistics centre for the armies of Joan of Arc. Vierzon suffered during the wars of religion , but remained Catholic. The French Revolution of 1789 saw no major shocks except that the parish of Vierzon was divided into two communes: the urban part and the rural (Vierzon-Village), at the request of the rural inhabitants of the parish. In 1887, the part of town on the southern bank of the river
84-554: A detailed introduction to Tillier's biography and work. His most successful work was "Chiffonier de Paris" in 1847. He worked with other dramatists in a long series of plays, with an interval of six years on the National, until the revolution of 1848 . George Sand , whom he had introduced in 1830 to the staff of Le Figaro , now asked Ledru-Rollin to make him commissary-general of the Cher. After three months' tenure of this office he
105-546: A pamphlet entitled Marie-Joseph Chénier et le prince des critiques (1844), in reply to Jules Janin led the later to successfully sue him for libel earning Pyat a six months' sojourn in the Sainte-Pélagie prison, in the cell just vacated by Lamennais , along with being considered a minor political "martyr" of the July Monarchy . In 1846 he edited the collected works of Claude Tillier in four volumes and wrote
126-741: Is twinned with: Chamber of Deputies (France) The Chamber of Deputies ( French : Chambre des députés , [ʃɑ̃bʁ de depyte] ) was the lower house of Parliament in France at various times in the 19th and 20th centuries: Created by the Charter of 1814 and replacing the Corps législatif , which existed under the First French Empire , the Chamber of Deputies was composed of individuals elected by census suffrage. Its role
147-641: The Hundred Days ( les cent jours ) return of Napoleon I in 1815, under the terms of the Additional Act to the Constitutions of the Empire , the Chamber of Deputies was briefly replaced by a Chamber of Representatives ( Chambre des représentants ). This body was dissolved upon the entry of Coalition troops into Paris on 7 July. For the period 1815–1816, the (then) Ultra-royalist chamber
168-579: The Normans built a castle atop a feudal motte . They became the seigneurs of Vierzon and the city developed within the western ramparts of the castle. The Plantagenets, under Richard I Lionheart in 1196, and later Edward, the Black Prince , burned the town and took the castle. Bertrand du Guesclin drove the Plantagenets out in 1370 and restored Vierzon to the crown of France. It became
189-415: The demise of many factories in the town during the 1970s and 1980s, the unemployment rate was very high. This has since been reduced to the national average. The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Vierzon proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Vierzon absorbed the former communes of Vierzon-Village, Vierzon-Bourgneuf and Vierzon-Forges in 1937. Vierzon
210-618: The destruction of Adolphe Thiers 's residence and of the expiatory chapel built to the memory of Louis XVI . He escaped the vengeance of the Versailles government, crossed the frontier in safety, and, though he had been condemned to death in his absence in 1873, the general amnesty of July 1880 permitted his return to Paris. He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the department of Bouches-du-Rhône in March 1888 and took his seat on
231-481: The extreme Left, but died at Saint-Gratien the following year. Vierzon Vierzon ( French pronunciation: [vjɛʁzɔ̃] ) is a commune in the Cher department , Centre-Val de Loire , France . A medium-sized town by the banks of the river Cher with some light industry and an area of forestry and farming to the north. It is situated some 33 kilometres (21 miles) northwest of Bourges , at
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#1732773244773252-411: The initial stages, by 1840 the conservative members around François Guizot had seized control. From 1830, deputies were elected for five years. They needed to be 30 years old and to pay 500 francs in direct contributions. The king convoked the chamber every year, and he had the power to extend the parliamentary session or to dissolve the chamber, although in the latter case he was required to convoke
273-472: The irregular masonic organisation, La Grande Loge des Philadelphes . For having glorified regicide after Orsini's attempt on the life of Napoleon III he was brought before an English court, but acquitted, and the general amnesty of 1869 permitted his return to France. However, further outbursts against the authorities, followed by prosecution, compelled him to return to England. The deposing of Napoleon III on 4 September 1870 brought him back to Paris, and it
294-737: The junction of the D2020, D2076 and the D918 roads. Motorways encircle the town on three sides: the A85 and A71 on the north and east and the A20 on the north and west. Railways reached Vierzon in 1847 and the central SNCF hub Vierzon-Ville station , serving local and nation rail traffic, has been developed here ever since. Little evidence remains of any pre- Roman occupation, and the Romans themselves didn't leave much trace of their occupation. Not until 926, when
315-688: The so-called "parricidal" vote for peace should be annulled. He returned to Paris to join the Committee of Public Safety, and, in Hanotaux 's words, was the me ulcre of the Paris Commune , but was blamed for the loss of the fort of Issy . He was superseded on the committee by Delescluze , but he continued to direct some of the violent acts of the Commune, the overthrow of the Vendôme column,
336-638: Was elected by the Cher department to the constituent assembly , where he voted with the Mountain , and brought forward the celebrated motion for the abolition of the presidential office. About this time he fought a duel with Proudhon , who had called him the aristocrat of democracy. He joined Ledru-Rollin in the attempted insurrection of 13 June 1849, after which he sought refuge in Switzerland, Belgium, and finally in England, where he became involved with
357-581: Was he who in his paper Le Combat displayed a black-edged announcement of the negotiations for the surrender of Metz to the Prussians. After the insurrection of 31 October he was imprisoned for a short time. In January 1871, Le Combat was suppressed, only to be followed by an equally virulent Vengeur . Elected to the National Assembly of France , he retired from Bordeaux , where it sat, with Henri Rochefort and others until such time as
378-590: Was referred to as the Chambre introuvable . The Chamber of Deputies was elected by census suffrage according to the Charter of 1830 . The political life of the July Monarchy was defined by the split within the Chamber of Deputies between the progressive movement (considered the Charter as a starting point) and the conservative wing (who refused any further modifications). Although both parties traded power in
399-468: Was split into Vierzon-Bourgneuf. In 1937, following a public inquiry and a prefectoral decision, the four municipalities were united as one commune. Vierzon has not been too troubled by more recent wars. In 1870-1871, a vanguard of Uhlan soldiers marched through the city but withdrew quickly. If Vierzon was spared by the First World War , it was sorely tried during World War II . The Cher river
420-542: Was the border that divided the city into two, the south of the city being in the "Free" French zone whilst the north was in the German-occupied area . In July 1944, a massive Allied bombardment destroyed a large portion of the city. From the late 18th century until the middle of the twentieth century, the town became industrialised. Iron and steel farming tools were produced here, then glasswork and ceramics and later, agricultural machinery, notably tractors. With
441-495: Was to discuss laws and, most importantly, to vote taxes. According to the Charter, deputies were elected for five years, with one-fifth renewed each year. Deputies needed to be 40 years old and to pay one thousand francs in direct contributions. Government ministers could be chosen from among the deputies, and this resulted in giving the Restoration government a slight, albeit minor, parliamentary and liberal character. During
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