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56-434: Improper use of pyrotechnics could lead to pyrotechnic accidents . People responsible for the safe storage, handling, and functioning of pyrotechnic devices are known as pyrotechnicians . Explosions, flashes, smoke, flames, fireworks and other pyrotechnic-driven effects used in the entertainment industry are referred to as proximate pyrotechnics. Proximate refers to the pyrotechnic device's location relative to an audience. In

112-493: A 12-gauge pistol or rifle. Pyrotechnics are dangerous and must be handled and used properly. Recently, several high-profile incidents involving pyrotechnics have re-enforced the need to respect these explosives at all times. Proximate pyrotechnics is an area of expertise that requires additional training beyond that of other professional pyrotechnics areas and the use of devices specifically manufactured for indoor, close proximity use. Despite this, accidents can still happen due to

168-412: A center cluster of non-moving stars, normally of a contrasting color or effect. Inserts that propel themselves rapidly away from the shell burst, often resembling fish swimming away. Named for the shape of its break, this shell features heavy long-burning tailed stars that only travel a short distance from the shell burst before free-falling to the ground. Also known as a waterfall shell. Sometimes there

224-566: A closer proximity to the audience. Some larger Roman candles contain small shells (bombettes) rather than stars. A mine (a.k.a. pot à feu) is a firework that expels stars and/or other garnitures into the sky. Shot from a mortar like a shell, a mine consists of a canister with the lift charge on the bottom with the effects placed on top. Mines can project small reports, serpents, and small shells, as well as just stars. Although mines up to 12 inches (305 mm) diameter appear on occasion, they are usually 3–5 inches (76–127 mm) in diameter. A cake

280-424: A crackling sound. Tiny tube fireworks that are ejected into the air spinning with such force that they shred their outer coating, in doing so they whizz and hum. High pitched often very loud screaming and screeching created by the resonance of gas. This is caused by a very fast strobing (on/off burning stage) of the fuel. The rapid bursts of gas from the fuel vibrate the air many hundreds of times per second causing

336-488: A designed program using electrical wiring and ignition linked to an electronic firing system. The size of these fireworks can range from 50 mm (2") to over 600 mm (24") diameter depending on the type of effect and available distance from the audience. In most jurisdictions, special fireworks training and licensing must be obtained from local authorities to legally prepare and use display pyrotechnics. Consumer pyrotechnics are devices readily available for purchase to

392-668: A familiar feature of larger fireworks displays are aerial shells, which commonly appear as large spherical bursts of stars in the sky. The exterior of these shells are commonly made of a hard paper-adhesive layered composite which holds the interior stars arranged around a burst charge, or other pyrotechnic effects. Aerial shells are fired out of mortars from the ground and have internal timing fuses that accurately and reliably position their bursts. A continuous sequence of shells are launched, often with effects artistically choreographed to music and themes, accompanied by various types of ground effects. Modern fireworks displays are commonly executed to

448-537: A few. Others are simply quantities of 2.5–4 in (64–102 mm) shells fused together in single-shot tubes. A shell containing several large stars that travel a short distance before breaking apart into smaller stars, creating a crisscrossing grid-like effect. Strictly speaking, a crossette star should split into four pieces which fly off symmetrically, making a cross. Once limited to silver or gold effects, colored crossettes such as red, green, or white are now very common. A spherical break of colored stars, similar to

504-2241: A fireworks factory ? Brazil 39 deaths factory 2000-05-13 Enschede fireworks disaster Enschede Netherlands 23 deaths, c. 950 injuries factory 2001-01-01 Volendam New Year's fire Volendam Netherlands 14 deaths, 241 injuries nightclub 2001-11-24 Canecão Mineiro nightclub fire Belo Horizonte Brazil 7 deaths, 197 injuries nightclub 2001-12-29 Mesa Redonda fire Lima Peru 291 deaths, 134 injuries shopping center 2003-02-20 The Station nightclub fire West Warwick , Rhode Island United States 100 deaths, 230 injuries nightclub 2004-11-03 Seest fireworks disaster Seest Denmark 1 death, 24 injuries factory 2004-12-30 República Cromañón nightclub fire Buenos Aires Argentina 194 deaths, 1,492+ injuries nightclub 2007-12-31 December 2007 Bocaue fire Bocaue, Bulacan Philippines 7 injuries factory 2006-12-04 Festival Fireworks Factory East Sussex United Kingdom 2 deaths, 12 injuries factory 2007-31-12 Fireworks explosion at Bulacan Bocaue Philippines 4 missing (later found back), 7 injuries Shops 2008-02-01 Istanbul fireworks explosion Istanbul Turkey 22+ deaths, 100+ injuries factory 2008-04-19 Factory nightclub fire Quito Ecuador 15 deaths, 35 injuries nightclub 2008-09-21 Wuwang Club fire Shenzhen China 43 deaths, 88 injuries nightclub 2009-01-01 Santika Club fire Bangkok Thailand 66 deaths, 222 injuries nightclub 2009-01-29 Starmaker Fireworks Factory explosion Trece Martires Philippines 8+ deaths, 70+ injuries factory 2009-02-09 Beijing Television Cultural Center fire Beijing China 1 death, 7 injuries open air fireworks show 2009-12-05 Lame Horse fire Perm Russia 156 deaths, 78 injuries nightclub 2012-07-04 Big Bay Boom premature mass discharge San Diego , California United States 0 casualties open air fireworks show from four barges and

560-512: A fountain of sparks with an undulating whistle. In general, such pyrotechnic devices are initiated by a remotely controlled electrical signal that causes an electric match , or e-match, to produce ignition. The remote control may be manual, via a switch console, or computer controlled according to a pre-programmed sequence and/or a sequence that tracks the live performance via stage cues. Display pyrotechnics, also known as commercial fireworks, are pyrotechnic devices intended for use outdoors, where

616-506: A fuse. They also strung these firecrackers together into large clusters, known as bian (lit. "whip") or bianpao (lit. "whip cannon"), so the firecrackers could be set off one by one in close sequence. By the 12th and possibly the 11th century, the term baozhang (爆仗) was used to specifically refer to gunpowder firecrackers. The first usage of the term was in the Dreams of the Glories of

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672-440: A larger payload of flash powder, but ball shapes are common and cheaper as well. Salutes are also called Maroons . A shell containing a fast burning tailed or charcoal star that is burst very hard so that the stars travel in a straight and flat trajectory before slightly falling and burning out. This appears in the sky as a series of radial lines much like the legs of a spider. An effect created by large, slow-burning stars within

728-541: A new type of firework and they are not completely silent. "Silent firework displays" refers to displays which simply exclude large, spectacular, noisy fireworks and make greater use of smaller, quieter devices. The earliest fireworks came from China during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Fireworks were used to accompany many festivities. In China, pyrotechnicians were respected for their knowledge of complex techniques in creating fireworks and mounting firework displays. During

784-486: A number of fireworks factories ? China 51 deaths factory 1997-06-05 Pyro Shows fireworks warehouse explosion LaFollette , Tennessee United States 4 deaths warehouse 1998-12-11 Independence Professional Fireworks factory explosion Osseo , Michigan United States 7 deaths factory 1999-09-26 Celaya fireworks disaster Celaya Mexico 63 deaths, 348 injuries warehouse 1999-12-00 explosion in

840-507: A peony, but with stars that leave a visible trail of sparks. Essentially the same as a peony shell, but with fewer and larger stars. These stars travel a longer-than-usual distance from the shell break before burning out. For instance, if a 3 in (76 mm) peony shell is made with a star size designed for a 6 in (152 mm) shell, it is then considered a dahlia. Some dahlia shells are cylindrical rather than spherical to allow for larger stars. A type of chrysanthemum or peony, with

896-1834: A pier 2012-09-05 Sivakasi factory explosion Sivakasi India 40 deaths, 70+ injuries factory 2013-01-27 Kiss nightclub fire Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil 242 deaths, 630 injuries nightclub 2013-06-20 B.E.M. Fireworks explosion Coteau-du-Lac , Quebec Canada 2 deaths warehouse 2014-04-20 Fireworks incident De Kuip , Rotterdam The Netherlands ? football stadium 2015-10-30 Colectiv nightclub fire Bucharest Romania 64 deaths, 146 injuries nightclub 2015-12-31 Manila New Year's fireworks Manila Philippines 1 death, 380 injuries, thousands displaced open air fireworks show 2016-04-10 Puttingal temple fire Kollam , Kerala India 111 deaths, 350+ injuries place of worship 2016-12-20 2016 San Pablito Market fireworks explosion Tultepec Mexico 42 deaths, 84 injuries market 2017-10-26 Tangerang fireworks disaster Tangerang Indonesia 49 deaths, 46 injuries factory 2018-06-06 Fireworks explosion Tultepec Mexico 7 deaths, 7 injuries warehouse 2018-07-05 Fireworks disaster Tultepec Mexico 24 deaths, 49+ injuries warehouse 2021-03-16 Ontario fireworks explosion Ontario , California United States 2 deaths, 1 injured residential area 2021-07-04 LAPD firework disposal accident Los Angeles, California United States 17 injuries residential area 2022-07-14 Bastille Day Cholet France 2 deaths, 7 injuries Open air show 2022-08-14 2022 Yerevan explosion Yerevan Armenia 16 deaths, 61 injuries warehouse 2022-12-1 "Magic in

952-516: A ring. Variations include smiley faces, hearts, and clovers. A shell intended to produce a loud report rather than a visual effect. Salute shells usually contain flash powder , producing a quick flash followed by a very loud report resembling military artillery. Titanium may be added to the flash powder mix to produce a cloud of bright sparks around the flash. Salutes are commonly used in large quantities during finales to create intense noise and brightness. They are often cylindrical in shape to allow for

1008-806: A rocket-propelled firework called a dilaoshu (地老鼠; lit. "earth rat") went off near the Empress Dowager Gong Sheng and startled her during a feast held in her honor by her son Emperor Lizong of Song (r. 1224–1264). This type of firework was one of the earliest examples of rocket propulsion. Around 1280, a Syrian named Hasan al-Rammah wrote of rockets, fireworks, and other incendiaries, using terms that suggested he derived his knowledge from Chinese sources, such as his references to fireworks as "Chinese flowers". Colored fireworks were developed from earlier (possibly Han dynasty or soon thereafter) Chinese application of chemical substances to create colored smoke and fire. Such application appears in

1064-423: A shell that leave a trail of large glittering sparks behind and make a sizzling noise. The "time" refers to the fact that these stars burn away gradually, as opposed to the standard brocade "rain" effect where a large amount of glitter material is released at once. A willow is similar to a chrysanthemum, but with long-burning silver or gold stars that produce a soft, dome-shaped weeping willow-like effect. Farfalle

1120-418: A thick rising tail that displays as the shell ascends, thereby simulating the tree trunk to further enhance the "palm tree" effect. One might also see a burst of color inside the palm burst (given by a small insert shell) to simulate coconuts. A spherical break of colored stars that burn without a tail effect. The peony is the most commonly seen shell type. A shell with stars specially arranged so as to create

1176-503: A violet emission. Subsequent developments revealed that oxidations with the chlorates of barium, strontium, copper, and sodium result in intense emission of bright colors. The isolation of metallic magnesium and aluminium marked another breakthrough as these metals burn with an intense silvery light. Colors in fireworks are usually generated by pyrotechnic stars —usually just called stars —which produce intense light when ignited. Stars contain four basic types of ingredients. Some of

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1232-445: Is a cluster of individual tubes linked by fuse that fires a series of aerial effects. Tube diameters can range in size from 1 ⁄ 4 –4 inches (6.4–101.6 mm), and a single cake can have more than 1,000 shots. The variety of effects within individual cakes is often such that they defy descriptive titles and are instead given cryptic names such as "Bermuda Triangle", "Pyro Glyphics", "Waco Wakeup", and "Poisonous Spider", to name

1288-408: Is a glittering through the "waterfall". Kamuro is a Japanese word meaning "boys haircut", which is what this shell resembles when fully exploded in the air. It is a dense burst of glittering silver or gold stars which leave a heavy glitter trail and shine bright in the night's sky. A large shell containing several smaller shells of various sizes and types. The initial burst scatters the shells across

1344-465: Is an effect in Italian fireworks with spinning silver sprays in the air. A tourbillion is similar to a farfalle but has spinning stars. The bang is the most common effect in fireworks and sounds like artillery cannon being fired; technically a "report". Silent fireworks have all of the visual effects, however. The "salute" effect is even more pronounced and sometimes is banned. The firework produces

1400-587: Is certain that the variety of colours which the Chinese have the secret of giving to flame is the greatest mystery of their fireworks." Similarly, the English geographer Sir John Barrow (ca. 1797) wrote "The diversity of colours indeed with which the Chinese have the secret of cloathing fire seems to be the chief merit of their pyrotechny." Fireworks were produced in Europe by the 14th century, becoming popular by

1456-409: Is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from January 2019 Use British English from January 2019 Fireworks Fireworks are low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. They are most commonly used in fireworks displays (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), combining a large number of devices in an outdoor setting. Such displays are

1512-616: Is explained by light emission from an incandescent solid particle in contrast to the element-specific emission from the vapor phase of a flame. Light emitted from a solid particle is defined by black-body radiation . Low boiling metals can form sparks with an intensively colored glowing shell surrounding the basic particle. This is caused by vapor phase combustion of the metal. Lithium (medium red) Li 2 CO 3 ( lithium carbonate ) LiCl ( lithium chloride ) Rubidium (violet-red) RbNO 3 ( rubidium nitrate ) The brightest stars, often called Mag Stars , are fueled by aluminium . Magnesium

1568-453: Is rarely used in the fireworks industry due to its lack of ability to form a protective oxide layer. Often an alloy of both metals called magnalium is used. Many of the chemicals used in the manufacture of fireworks are non-toxic, while many more have some degree of toxicity, can cause skin sensitivity, or exist in dust form and are thereby inhalation hazards. Still others are poisons if directly ingested or inhaled. The following table lists

1624-540: Is the backbone of today's commercial aerial display, and a smaller version for consumer use is known as the festival ball in the United States. Fireworks were originally invented in China . China remains the largest manufacturer and exporter of fireworks in the world. 'Silent' fireworks displays are becoming popular due to concerns that noise effects traumatize pets, wildlife, and some humans. However, these are not

1680-530: The Huolongjing (14th century) and Wubeizhi (preface of 1621, printed 1628), which describes recipes, several of which used low-nitrate gunpowder, to create military signal smokes with various colors. In the Wubei Huolongjing (武備火龍經; Ming , completed after 1628), two formulas appears for firework-like signals, the sanzhangju (三丈菊) and baizhanglian (百丈蓮), that produces silver sparkles in

1736-579: The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD), people threw bamboo stems into a fire to produce an explosion with a loud sound. In later times, gunpowder packed into small containers was used to mimic the sounds of burning bamboo. Exploding bamboo stems and gunpowder firecrackers were interchangeably known as baozhu (爆竹) or baogan (爆竿). During the Song dynasty, people manufactured the first firecrackers comprising tubes made from rolled sheets of paper containing gunpowder and

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1792-750: The general public with little or no special licensing or training. These items are considered relatively low hazard devices but, like all pyrotechnics, can still be hazardous and should be stored, handled and used appropriately. Some of the most common examples of consumer pyrotechnics encountered include recreational fireworks (including whistling and sparking types), model rocket motors , highway and marine distress flares , sparklers and caps for toy guns. Pyrotechnics are also indirectly involved in other consumer products such as powder actuated nail guns , ammunition for firearms , and modern fireplaces . Some types, including bird scarers , shell crackers, whistle crackers and flares, may be designed to be fired from

1848-775: The 17th century. Lev Izmailov, ambassador of Peter the Great , once reported from China: "They make such fireworks that no one in Europe has ever seen." In 1758, the Jesuit missionary Pierre Nicolas le Chéron d'Incarville , living in Beijing , wrote about the methods and composition of Chinese fireworks to the Paris Academy of Sciences , which published the account five years later. Amédée-François Frézier published his revised work Traité des feux d'artice pour le spectacle (Treatise on Fireworks) in 1747 (originally 1706), covering

1904-635: The Eastern Capital (東京夢華錄; about 1148) by Meng Yuanlao. During the Song dynasty, common folk could purchase fireworks such as firecrackers from market vendors. Grand displays of fireworks were also known to be held. In 1110, according to the Dreams of the Glories of the Eastern Capital , a large fireworks display mounted by the military was held to entertain Emperor Huizong of Song (r. 1100–1125). The Qidong Yeyu (齊東野語; 1264) states that

1960-1206: The Sky" warehouse blast Orlando, Florida United States 4 deaths, 1 injury warehouse 2023-02-19 Blitar fireworks explosion Blitar Indonesia 4 deaths, 13 injuries house 2023-07-29 Sungai Kolok fireworks disaster Su-ngai Kolok Thailand 10+ deaths, at least 118 injured warehouse 2023-09-26 Qaraqosh wedding fire Qaraqosh Iraq 107 deaths, 82 injuries wedding hall 2024-01-17 Suphanburi fireworks disaster Suphan Buri Thailand 23 deaths, 7 injuries factory 2024-04-07 Death of Allen Ray McGrew South Carolina United States 1 death house 2024-10-28 Nileshwar temple fireworks disaster Kerala India 4 death, 154 injured Temple See also [ edit ] List of accidents and disasters by death toll List of industrial disasters List of nightclub fires (several result from pyrotechnic failures) References [ edit ] ^ "Cleveland's Saddest Fourth: The 1908 S. S. Kresge Fireworks Explosion=" . Archived from

2016-713: The Village Green" . Washington Post . p. 1 . Retrieved 4 March 2023 . ^ "Archived copy" . Associated Press . Archived from the original on 12 May 2021 . Retrieved 28 October 2021 . {{ cite web }} : CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) ^ "Poignant memorial service to Peterborough firefighter killed in Fengate explosion 30 years ago" . ^ " 'Uit Culemborgs ongeval viel geen les te trekken' " . de Volkskrant (in Dutch). 15 May 2000. Archived from

2072-439: The air by a mortar ( aerial shell ). Most fireworks consist of a paper or pasteboard tube or casing filled with the combustible material, often pyrotechnic stars . A number of these tubes or cases may be combined so as to make when kindled, a great variety of sparkling shapes, often variously colored. A skyrocket is a common form of firework, although the first skyrockets were used in warfare . The aerial shell, however,

2128-435: The audience can be further away, and smoke and fallout is less of a concern. Generally the effects, though often similar to proximate pyrotechnics, are of a larger size and more vigorous in nature. It will typically take an entire day to set up a professional fireworks display. This work is normally undertaken on temporarily secured locations by specialist companies employing teams of experienced pyrotechnicians. In modern times

2184-487: The familiar whistling sound. It is not, as is commonly thought, made in the conventional way that musical instruments are using specific tube shapes or apertures. Common whistle fuels contain benzoate or salicylate compounds and a suitable oxidizer such as potassium perchlorate. Improper use of fireworks is dangerous, both to the person operating them (risks of burns and wounds ) and to bystanders; in addition, they may start fires on landing. To prevent fireworks accidents ,

2240-536: The focal point of many cultural and religious celebrations , though mismanagement could lead to fireworks accidents . Fireworks take many forms to produce four primary effects: noise, light, smoke, and floating materials ( confetti most notably). They may be designed to burn with colored flames and sparks including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and silver. They are generally classified by where they perform, either 'ground' or 'aerial'. Aerial fireworks may have their own propulsion ( skyrocket ) or be shot into

2296-4637: The 💕 (Redirected from List of pyrotechnic incidents ) This is a list of fireworks accidents and incidents , including pyrotechnics fire and explosion. The list is sortable by casualties and date. Date Event Location Country Casualties Structure 1869-04-05 C. N. Romaine & Brothers fireworks factory explosion Petersburg , Virginia United States 12 deaths factory 1903-06-21 Fireworks explosion in downtown shop Paterson , New Jersey United States 17 deaths warehouse 1904-11-04 Fireworks explosion at Madison Square New York City United States 15 deaths 1908-07-03 S. S. Kresge Fireworks Explosion Cleveland , Ohio United States 7 deaths five-and-dime store 1909-07-03 Great Nampa Fire Arnold Cigar Store, Nampa, Idaho United States 4–5 deaths, unconfirmed Cigar Store 1928-03-06 Fireworks factory explosion Samarang , Java Indonesia 20+ deaths factory 1930-04-03 Pennsylvania Fireworks Display Company factory explosion Devon , Pennsylvania United States 9 deaths factory 1937-07-01 Drake Drug Company fireworks explosion Nampa , Idaho United States 6 deaths Drug Store 1942-11-06 Rochester Fireworks Company explosion Perinton , New York United States 11 deaths factory 1947-04-01 Fireworks factory explosion Clinton , Missouri United States 10 deaths factory 1958-06-23 Fireworks stand explosion Salvador, Bahia Brazil 100+ deaths 1964-08-24 Fireworks ignite storage tanks Atlatlahuaca Mexico 45 deaths 1970-05-27 Carpentersville Fireworks Company explosion Huntley , Illinois United States 3 injuries factory 1971-05-17 Continental Fireworks Company explosion Pisgah , Illinois United States 3 deaths, 5 injuries factory 1971-06-13 Fireworks explosion destroys school Puebla Mexico 13 deaths 1972-03-06 Melrose Display Fireworks Company explosion Orland Park , Illinois United States 3 deaths, 16 injuries factory 1972-07-04 Bangs Lake Park explosion Wauconda , Illinois United States 1 death, 8 injuries park 1973-05-30 Children injured by discarded shell Huntley , Illinois United States 2 injuries factory 1973-06-09 Worldwide Fireworks Company explosion McHenry , Illinois United States 7 injuries factory 1977-02-18 Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm fire Xinjiang 61st Regiment China 694 deaths, 161 disabled public hall 1983-05-27 Benton fireworks disaster Benton , Tennessee United States 11 deaths, 1 injury factory 1984-09-07 C23 tragedy Qala , Gozo Malta 7 deaths, 1 injury navy 1985-05-20 Illegal fireworks factory explosion Beaver Township, Mahoning County , Ohio United States 9 deaths factory 1985-06-25 Aerlex Fireworks plant explosion Hallett , Oklahoma United States 21 deaths, 5 injuries factory 1986-04-05 1986 San Francisco fireworks disaster San Francisco , California United States 8–9 deaths, 20 injuries factory 1987-07-04 National Mall Fireworks Display Washington DC United States 4+ injuries park 1987-09-25 Celebrity Fireworks plant explosion Rialto , California United States 1 death factory 1988-12-12 Mexico City fireworks disaster Mexico City Mexico 62+ deaths, up to 83 injuries market 1989-03-22 Fengate fireworks factory explosion Peterborough United Kingdom 1 firefighter death, over 100 injuries factory 1991-02-14 Culemborg fireworks disaster Culemborg and Vianen Netherlands 2 deaths, dozens of injuries factory 1991-05-07 Bright Sparklers Fireworks disaster Sungai Buloh Malaysia 26 deaths, 83 injuries factory 1991-06-21 Fireworks store explosion Rio de Janeiro Brazil 22 deaths warehouse 1996-01-31 1996 Shaoyang explosion RFX factory in Shaoyang , Hunan China 134 death, 405 injuries RDX factory 1996-07-03 Fireworks stand explosion Lawrence County , Ohio United States 9 deaths, 11 injuries shop 1996-11-00 accidents in

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2352-402: The majority of jurisdictions, special training and licensing must be obtained from local authorities to legally prepare and use proximate pyrotechnics. Many musical groups use pyrotechnics to enhance their live shows. Pink Floyd were innovators of pyrotechnic use in concerts. For instance, at the climax of their song " Careful with That Axe, Eugene ", a blast of smoke was set off at the back of

2408-439: The more common color-producing compounds are tabulated here. The color of a compound in a firework will be the same as its color in a flame test (shown at right). Not all compounds that produce a colored flame are appropriate for coloring fireworks, however. Ideal colorants will produce a pure, intense color when present in moderate concentration. The color of sparks is limited to red/orange, yellow/gold and white/silver. This

2464-3006: The original on 10 May 2021 . Retrieved 8 May 2021 . ^ Jones, Kay; Yan, Holly (4 July 2021). "Man accused of storing 16 tons of fireworks at home, including devices that later blew up and injured 17" . CNN . Archived from the original on 21 July 2021 . Retrieved 8 July 2021 . ^ Mayorquin, Orlando (12 June 2023). "Fatal Blast at Fireworks Warehouse Was Preventable, OSHA Says" . New York Times . Retrieved 17 April 2024 . ^ "House Exploded in Blitar, 4 Killed, 13 Injured, Including Babies - advertise.biz.id" . 20 February 2023 . Retrieved 21 February 2023 . ^ Ashton, Ben (29 July 2023). "At least 10 killed after devastating fireworks warehouse explosion in Thailand" . Metro News . Retrieved 30 July 2023 . ^ Gritten, David (27 September 2023). "Iraq fire: Around 100 killed in blaze at wedding party in Qaraqosh" . BBC News . Retrieved 27 September 2023 . ^ "ระทึก! "โรงงานพลุระเบิด" สุพรรณบุรี ตาย 23 คน สาหัส 7 คน" . Thai PBS (in Thai) . Retrieved 17 January 2024 . ^ "Nileshwar disaster: Collector says temple has no permission to conduct fireworks" . Mathrubhumi. ^ "Over 150 Injured, 8 Critical, In Fireworks Accident During Temple Festival In Kerala" . News18. v t e Fireworks accidents and incidents >100 deaths Xinjiang 61st Regiment Farm , China (1977) Cromañón nightclub , Argentina (1994) Shaoyang , China (1996) Mesa Redonda shopping center, Peru (2001) Station nightclub , Rhode Island (2003) Lame Horse nightclub , Russia (2009) Kiss nightclub , Brazil (2013) Puttingal temple fire , India (2016) Qaraqosh , Iraq (2023) ≤100 deaths Benton, Tennessee (1983) C23 boat , Malta (1984) Hallett, Oklahoma (1985) San Francisco (1986) Mexico City (1988) Culemborg , Netherlands] (1991) Sungai Buloh , Malaysia (1991) Celaya , Mexico (1999) Enschede , Netherlands (2000) Seest , Denmark (2004) Istanbul , Turkey (2008) Sivakasi , India (2012) Tultepec , Mexico (2016) Tangerang , Indonesia (2017) Duttapukur , India (2023) All structures were factory warehouse if unspecified above. See also: List of industrial disasters . Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_fireworks_accidents_and_incidents&oldid=1255310332 " Categories : Lists of disasters Fireworks accidents and incidents Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl) CS1 Thai-language sources (th) Articles with short description Short description

2520-669: The original on 16 January 2019 . Retrieved 16 January 2019 . ^ "新疆女子与男友同居10年家产被变卖才知对方是通缉犯" . 亚心网 . 15 December 2011. ^ "25 years later, memories of Scottown fireworks explosion are still fresh" . The Herald-Dispatch. 3 July 2021. Archived from the original on 3 July 2021 . Retrieved 4 July 2021 . ^ https://www.wate.com/news/local-news/deadly-fireworks-explosion-in-la-follette-20-years-later/ Retrieved 4 July 2023 ^ "Brazil, Mexico And Other Deadly Nightclub Fires In Latin America" . The Huffington Post . 28 January 2013. Archived from

2576-513: The original on 25 February 2019 . Retrieved 24 February 2019 . ^ "Serious Firework Accidents in Illinois" (PDF) . Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2017 . Retrieved 4 August 2020 . ^ 西夫 (1995). "694条生命化为灰烬——一场没有公开报道的特大火灾" . 新世纪 (4). Archived from the original on 4 January 2023 . Retrieved 4 January 2023 . ^ Lancaster, John (5 July 1987). "Holiday Makes Mall

2632-739: The original on 27 August 2013 . Retrieved 21 January 2019 . ^ "One dead and 380 injured after Philippines firework displays" . The Guardian . 1 January 2016. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019 . Retrieved 21 January 2019 . ^ "24 doden, tientallen gewonden bij vuurwerkexplosies Mexico" . NOS (in Dutch). 5 July 2018. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019 . Retrieved 16 January 2019 . ^ "2 Dead, 1 Injured in Southern California Fireworks Explosion That Caused Massive Fire" . people.com . Naledi Ushe. Archived from

2688-505: The original on 28 October 2021 . Retrieved 21 January 2019 . ^ "Philippine fireworks factory explosion kills at least 8, injures 70 more" . Wikinews . 29 January 2009. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019 . Retrieved 21 January 2019 . ^ Horn, Jonathan (12 July 2012). "July 4 fireworks fiasco solved - technically" . San Diego Union Tribune . Retrieved 23 July 2012 . ^ "2 die in fireworks factory blast near Montreal" . Archived from

2744-481: The principal elements used in modern pyrotechnics. Some elements are used in their elemental form such as particles of titanium, aluminium, iron, zirconium, and magnesium. These elements burn in the presence of air (O2) or oxidants (perchlorate, chlorate). Most elements in pyrotechnics are in the form of salts. A Roman candle is a long tube containing several large stars which fire at a regular interval. These are commonly arranged in fan shapes or crisscrossing shapes, at

2800-594: The recreational and ceremonial uses of fireworks, rather than their military uses. Music for the Royal Fireworks was composed by George Frideric Handel in 1749 to celebrate the Peace treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle , which had been declared the previous year. "Prior to the nineteenth century and the advent of modern chemistry they [fireworks] must have been relatively dull and unexciting." Bertholet in 1786 discovered that oxidations with potassium chlorate resulted in

2856-569: The ring. Modern pyrotechnics are, in general, divided into categories based upon the type of effect produced or manufacturing method. The most common categories are: Various ingredients may be added to pyrotechnic devices to provide colour, smoke, noise or sparks. Special additives and construction methods are used to modify the character of the effect produced, either to enhance or subdue the effect; for example, sandwiching layers of pyrotechnic compounds containing potassium perchlorate, sodium salicylate or sodium benzoate with layers that do not creates

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2912-498: The sky before they explode. Also called a bouquet shell. When a shell contains smaller shells of the same size and type, the effect is usually referred to as "Thousands". Very large bouquet shells (up to 48 inches [1,219 mm]) are frequently used in Japan . A shell containing a relatively few large comet stars arranged in such a way as to burst with large arms or tendrils, producing a palm tree-like effect. Proper palm shells feature

2968-548: The smoke. In the Huoxilüe (火戲略; 1753) by Zhao Xuemin (趙學敏), there are several recipes with low-nitrate gunpowder and other chemical substances to tint flames and smoke. These included, for instance, arsenical sulphide for yellow, copper acetate (verdigris) for green, lead carbonate for lilac-white, and mercurous chloride (calomel) for white. The Chinese pyrotechnics were described by the French author Antoine Caillot (1818): "It

3024-680: The stage. Bands such as the Who , KISS and Queen soon followed with use of pyrotechnics in their shows. Michael Jackson attempted using pyrotechnics in a 1984 Pepsi advertisement, where a stray spark caused a small fire in his hair. German industrial metal band Rammstein are renowned for their incorporation of a large variety of pyrotechnics into performances, which range from flaming costumes to face-mounted flamethrowers. Nightwish , Lordi , Sabaton and Parkway Drive are also known for their vivid pyrotechnics in concert. Many professional wrestlers have also used pyrotechnics as part of their entrances to

3080-411: The use of fireworks is legally restricted in many countries. In such countries, display fireworks are restricted for use by professionals; smaller consumer versions may or may not be available to the public. Birds and animals, both domestic and wild, can be frightened by their noise, leading to them running away, often into danger, or hurting themselves on fences or in other ways in an attempt to escape

3136-718: The use of low-quality product, or due to an unexpected event, or even due to an error on the part of the operator. A common low-budget pyrotechnic flash pot is built using modified screw-in electric fuses in a common light fixture. The fuses are intentionally blown, acting as ignitors for a pyrotechnic material. Homemade devices may fail to include safety features and can provide numerous hazards, including: Commercial flash pots include safety features such as warning pilot lamps, preignition grounding, and safing circuits. They also use isolated and low-voltage power sources, and have keyed power connections to help prevent accidental ignition. List of pyrotechnic incidents From Misplaced Pages,

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