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48-498: Påg is a dialectal Scanian word for 'boy', and is used to indicate that the trains are local/regional, and tåg is Swedish for train. The trains consist of purple-coloured electric multiple units of the X61 model. The trains are named after famous local people, either real or fictional. Local passenger rail traffic in Sweden had historically been provided by state operator SJ , but in

96-425: A common smart card system. Originally, this conversion was planned to be operational by 2007. Skånetrafiken has been criticised, particularly in 2007, for not being sufficiently quick and decisive in response to increases in patronage. The success of some routes has been so good that overcrowding has plagued some train and bus services for months with no response on the part of Skånetrafiken; this has been particularly

144-613: A more old zon system than the rest of Skånetrafikens Zonsystem called Öresundtaxan). Within the validity period of the ticket (a paper receipt needs to be printed if using a Skånetrafiken travel card as the card is incompatible with the Danish Rejsekort system; app users can just show the electronic ticket when boarding buses and if asked while on trains but you should always keep your ticket if they will look at your ticket more than ones time). If you want to go with krösa-, Påga- or Öresundstrians out from Skåne (Sydtaxan) your ticket

192-475: A separate language on par with the official minority languages , though this has been rejected by Swedish authorities. Swedish linguists generally view Scanian as just one of many local or regional Swedish (or Scandinavian) dialects, some of which differ considerably from Standard Swedish but don't meet the criteria of a separate language. Scanian was originally classified as a separate language in ISO 639-3 , but

240-496: A translation of Mary's lament at the cross. The other fragment (catalogued as SKB *A 115) is a bifolium with just over a hundred metrical lines of knittelvers , a translation from Latin of the apocryphal gospel Evangelium Nicodemi about Christ's descent into hell and resurrection. In modern Scandinavian linguistic research, the assertion that Old Scanian was a Swedish dialect before the Swedish acquisition of most of old Skåneland

288-483: Is Magnus Hedin. Skånetrafiken organise train services on several lines within Skåne, called Pågatåg , which are currently delivered under contract by Arriva . These are supplemented by the Öresundståg , regional train services managed by Skånetrafikken, which cross into Denmark and neighbouring counties in Sweden. The Öresundståg network in both Denmark and Sweden is from 11. December 2022 operated by Transdev . Before

336-446: Is in contrast to the alveolar articulations and retroflex assimilations in most Swedish dialects north of Småland . The realizations of the highly variable and uniquely Swedish fricative / ɧ / also tend to be more velar and less labialized than in other dialects. The phonemes of Scanian correspond to those of Standard Swedish and most other Swedish dialects, but long vowels have developed into diphthongs that are unique to

384-491: Is now seldom argued by linguistic scholars, although the comparative and historical research efforts continue. One of the artifacts sometimes referred to as support for the view of Scanian as separate from both the Swedish and Danish language is a letter from the 16th century, where the Danish Bible translators were advised not to employ Scanian translators since their language was not "proper Danish". As pointed out by

432-418: Is valid for your destination city zone with other public traffic Hallands Länstrafik, Västtrafik, Blekingetrafiken, Kronobergs Länstrafik and Kalmars länstrafik. For example a ticket to Gothenburg/(Göteborg) Central station is valid to Gothenburg Masthustorget with västtrafik tram or bus. The entire ticketing system in Skåne was switched in 2009 when the debit card and 30-day commuter cards have been merged into

480-583: Is very very few tickets machines nearly regional bus stops. Mostly in Helsingborg you could find tickets machin) on or near the platform or within the Skånetrafiken app. Those with a fixed-term ticket can board the train directly. For those who do not wish to buy single-journey tickets and who cannot use the app Skånetrafiken also provides a contactless travel card. The travel card can be filled with tickets at Skånetrafiken Customer Centres, online on

528-462: The 11. December 2022, the Öresundståg was operated by DSB and SJ Öresund in cooperation Urban bus services are available in 10 cities and towns in Skåne with the majority of services in Malmö , Helsingborg and Lund . Regional buses routes that connect cities and town operate throughout Skåne. A colour scheme is used to distinguish urban from regional/inter-urban buse: the former are green whereas

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576-474: The 18th century, especially when it comes to vocabulary and grammar. In spite of the shift, Scanian dialects have maintained a non-Swedish prosody, as well as details of grammar and vocabulary that in some aspects differ from Standard Swedish . The prosody, pronunciation of vowels and consonants in such qualities as length, stress and intonation has more in common with Danish, German and Dutch (and occasionally English) than with Swedish. However, as pointed out by

624-445: The 1970s, opposition from director general Lars Petersson to Scanian local traffic and subsequent threats of line closures led to the formation of two local federations of Scanian municipalities (SSK and NSK) seeking to begin providing their own rail services. Services were originally operated with X7 brown multiple units from the 1940s, and by 1983 trains from Malmö served Lund , Landskrona , Teckomatorp and Helsingborg . With

672-1115: The City Tunnel and onto the Continental Line running through the inner-city of Malmö (line 11), serving two newly-built stations at Persborg and Rosengård . The Pågatågen celebrated its 40th anniversary on 9 January 2023. As of January 2024, there are twelve lines in the Pågatågen system. There are stops in three neighbouring counties: three stops in Blekinge County , two stops in Halland County and one stop in Kronoberg County . In addition, rush-hour-only line 12 provides an extra hourly service from Malmö Central Station to Åstorp, with some services continuing to Helsingborg Central Station. Local trains from neighbouring Småland also operate within Scania on

720-485: The Norwegian scholar Lars S. Vikør, professor, Nordic and Linguistics Studies, University of Oslo , in the 2001 book Language and Nationalism , the "animosity between the two countries [Sweden and Denmark], and the relative closeness of their standard languages (dialectal differences within each of the two countries were greater than [between] the two standards), made it imperative to stress the difference between them in

768-555: The Scanian-Swedish-Danish dictionary project, commissioned by the Scanian Academy. This project is led by Helmer Lång and involves a group of scholars from different fields, including Birger Bergh, linguistics, Inger Elkjær and Inge Lise Pedersen, researcher of Danish dialects. Several Scanian dictionaries have been published over the years, including one by Sten Bertil Vide, who wrote his doctoral thesis on

816-578: The Skånetrafiken webpage or at an affiliated organization. For travel to and from Denmark, tickets can be purchased directly with Skånetrafiken, either within the app or on the travel card. Fares that include a border crossing will include unlimited use of local public transit on each side and if you want to you could add Zones in Denmark so you could travel on bigger area. For example if you want to go over to Copenhagen city you buy for zon F+L. But if you want to go to Roskilde you buy zon ABCH. (There you have

864-621: The X11 trains during 2011, since they can no longer be used; they do not fulfil all the safety requirements for the City Tunnel in Malmö and had only a temporary exception from the rules, which also required extra staff. Ten of these X61 units are also occasionally rented out to Västtrafik , which is currently experiencing a shortage of rolling stock until the X80 trains start service in 2025. Note that

912-453: The app. City buses accept tap-to-pay debit and credit cards. The only thing is that you only could buy an adult ticket in the City for 1 hour or 24 hour. If you stamp your card one more time it would cost as two journeys. On trains and regional buses, passengers must buy a ticket before boarding from machines if there are a machin at your stop (Trains have mostly part of time a machin, but there

960-399: The arrival of the new purple X11 units from ASEA , partly financed with a loan from PK-Banken , the name and brand Pågatågen took shape. A naming contest had been held by the local radio channel Radio Malmöhus, and a set of male names had been chosen for the series, with the trains also gaining the name 'Pågatågen' due to this fact. The first Pågatåg, an X11 EMU named Bombi Bitt (named after

1008-445: The case for rush-hour train service to and from Denmark. There was more criticism during 2009/2010 for crowding in the Malmö station which was being rebuilt. Skånetrafiken claims to have made changes in internal decision procedures to catch these problems more quickly in the future. The Malmö Central station has no room for more trains until a new tunnel is opened in the winter 2010–2011. It is not possible to rent or buy any old train for

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1056-456: The character written by Fritiof Nilsson Piraten ), entered service at Malmö Central Station on 9 January 1983. In 1988 responsibility for Pågatågen was transferred to Malmöhus County , as the expansion of services meant that Pågatågen had outgrown the abilities of SSK and NSK. With the merger of Malmöhus and Kristianstad counties into Skåne County responsibility was again transferred to Skånetrafiken , and services were extended into what

1104-411: The first half of the 14th century, and no standard spoken language had developed in either Sweden or Denmark before 1500, although some scholars argue that there may have been tendencies towards a more formal "courteous" language among the aristocracy. Scanian appeared in writing before 1200, at a time when Swedish and Danish had yet to be codified, and the long struggle between Sweden and Denmark over

1152-787: The formal semantic analytic tools that have been developed mainly for English and German sufficiently fine-grained to account for the differences among the Scandinavian languages?" Research that provides a cross-border overview of the spectrum of modern dialects in the Nordic region has recently been initiated through the Scandinavian Dialect Syntax Project, based at the University of Tromsø, in Norway, in which nine Scandinavian research groups collaborate for

1200-578: The fragments are now thought to "represent as such a newly claimed territory for the history of the Danish language". Like the Scanian Law, one of the fragments, a six-leaf fragment (catalogued as SKB A 120), is written in the runic alphabet. The place of writing, according to Frederiksen, has been tentatively identified as the Cistercian monastery at Herrevad Abbey in Scania. The fragment contains

1248-453: The general vocabulary in modern Scanian does not differ considerably from Standard Swedish, a few specifically Scanian words still exist which are known in all of Scania, occurring frequently among a majority of the speakers. These are some examples: Sk%C3%A5netrafiken Skånetrafiken is the regional public transit district in Skåne län , in the south of Sweden . Skånetrafiken

1296-475: The largest expansion in Pågatågen's history was implemented with the opening of the Hallandsås Tunnel and two new stations at Förslöv and Barkåkra, as well as the re-introduction of passenger rail services to Trelleborg after an absence of over 40 years. In December 2018, some services originating from points north of Malmö Central Station began to be extended in a balloon loop -shaped route through

1344-497: The latter are yellow. On a similar principle, Pågatåg trains are painted mauve with a red stripe, while Öresundståg vehicles are primarily silver-grey. Depending on the results of the bidding process, different bus companies are awarded contracts for bus lines. The principal bus companies running bus services for Skånetrafiken are Veolia Transport , Arriva , Nobina Sverige , and Bergkvarabuss . Some services for transportation of handicapped people are also run by Skånetrafiken under

1392-403: The name of Serviceresor. Additionally, Skånetrafiken operates a boat service between Landskrona harbour and the island of Ven . Buses to/from airports are not formally a part of Skånetrafiken at this time. Some train and bus services between Skåne and the adjoining counties of Blekinge , Halland and Kronoberg are organised in conjunction with corresponding regional transit authorities in

1440-578: The names of plants in South Swedish dialects . This publication and a variety of other Scanian dictionaries are available through the Department of Dialectology and Onomastics in Lund. Scanian realizes the phoneme /r/ as a uvular trill [ʀ] in clear articulation, but everyday speech has more commonly a voiceless [χ] or a voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] , depending on phonetic context. That

1488-436: The other regions of Sweden. Bornholm was once part of Skåneland but rebelled and returned to Denmark in 1659. The Scanian dialect of Bornholm remained in use as a functioning transitional stage, but Standard Danish soon became dominant in official contexts, and the dialect is thought to be disappearing. The gradual transition to Swedish has resulted in the introduction of many new Swedish characteristics into Scanian since

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1536-530: The positive development in patronage since the inception of Skånetrafiken in 1999. Within the city bus systems tickets are sold at a fixed price for the entire city. (Tickets are sold for one Adult so not for a whole family, just for the person that pays). For journeys which fall outside these zones pricing is based on the distance of the journey, with prices increasing along with the distance. Tickets can be purchased as single or all-day journeys, or in different forms of pre-paid passes. All tickets are sold within

1584-503: The press, 'tös' meaning 'girl' in the Scanian dialect,. and a full-scale prototype was exhibited at Malmö Central Station from 9 to 13 January 2008. In December 2009, the first of the new X61 train sets, ' Birgit Nilsson ', entered service at Malmö Central Station. The last service using the old model X11 was run on 8 September 2013. All Pågatågen services were shifted to the newly-built City Tunnel between 2010 and 2011. In December 2015,

1632-479: The region (such as /ʉː/ and /ɑː/ being realized [eʉ] and [aɑ] , respectively). In the southern parts of Scania, many diphthongs also have a pharyngeal quality, similar to Danish vowels. Scanian used to have many words which differed from standard Swedish. In 1995 Skånska Akademien released Skånsk-svensk-dansk ordbok , a dictionary with 2,711 Scanian words and expressions. It should be mentioned however that not all of these words are in wide use today. While

1680-472: The researchers involved in the project Comparative Semantics for Nordic Languages , it is difficult to quantify and analyze the fine degrees of semantic differences that exist between the Scandinavian languages in general, even between the national languages Danish, Swedish and Norwegian: "[S]ome of the Nordic languages [..] are historically, lexically and structurally very similar. [...] Are there systematic semantic differences between these languages? If so, are

1728-472: The respective counties. Skånetrafiken is also the brand used for the Lund tramway . Since Skånetrafiken manages all public transport in Skåne, tickets are valid on all local trains and buses. Furthermore, a passenger can buy a ticket on an urban bus in one city for a combined ride by bus – train – bus to a final destination in another city. This ease of ticketing may have been a contributing factor to

1776-563: The right to claim the Old Scanian manuscripts as an early form of either of the two national state languages has led to some odd twists and turns. Two Scanian fragments dated to around 1325 were initially claimed to be (younger) Old Swedish, but further research in modern times has claimed that the language was not Swedish, but Scanian. During the 20th century the fragments were thus relabeled early Old Danish by Scandinavian linguists, and as explained by Danish linguist Britta Olrik Frederiksen,

1824-505: The rolling stock for the Øresundståg, outside of the Pågatåg concession, is of Class X31K only, and these trains are either owned by Transitio (partially owned by Skånetrafiken), or by the Danish train operator DSB . For the Pågatågen trains as well as the Øresundståg , paper tickets or passes can be used but tickets bought on a mobile phone using Skånetrafiken's mobile app are also valid. The paper tickets can be bought from machines at

1872-518: The roster. Some Bombardier Regina X52 type trainsets were rented from other train owners. The type X31K , normally used for the Øresundståg traffic to Denmark, was also used sometimes. Subsequently, Skånetrafiken ordered 99 new Alstom Coradia X61 sets, a variant of the type used in Stockholm. Several of them have been used on revenue services since August 2010, and since 2013 they have taken over all services. Skånetrafiken attempted to sell most of

1920-478: The route Växjö – Älmhult –Hässleholm. The Pågatåg rolling stock is owned by Skånetrafiken , although the operation (staff and licences etc.) is carried out by the Swedish subsidiary of VR Group (formerly Arriva plc ). Pågatåg rolling stock under the first concession (1983–1997) were primarily of type X11 (with diesel Y1 railcars used on the then-non-electrified Malmö-Ystad line from 1990–1996), but as demand grew, other available train types had to be added to

1968-631: The self-rule granted in the Treaty of Roskilde and the Malmö Recess of 1662, where Scania had been granted the right to a certain degree of autonomy including preservation of its old laws and customs. Scania became fully integrated into the Swedish Kingdom in 1719, and the assimilation has accelerated during the 20th century, with the dominance of Standard Swedish -language radio and television, urbanization, and movement of people to and from

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2016-483: The standardization process". According to Vikør, the "Swedish treatment of the Scanians perhaps shows [that] the most important element of the [linguistic nationalism] ideology is the desire to stress the difference from another linguistic entity that in some way may be considered threatening or challenging one's own autonomy." In Scania, the Swedish government officially limited the use of Scanian in 1683 by nullifying

2064-604: The stations. This is in contrast to buses where electronic contactless smartcards are used. The reason for the difference is that half of the Øresundståg rolling stock is owned by Danish DSB which does not want to install Swedish ticket machines. Scanian dialect Scanian ( Swedish : skånska [ˈskɔ̂nːska] ) is an East Scandinavian dialect spoken in the province of Scania in southern Sweden . Broadly speaking, Scanian has been classified in three different ways: There has been active campaigning from local Scanian interest groups to promote Scanian as

2112-493: The systematic mapping and studying of the syntactic variation across the Scandinavian dialect continuum. Scanian once had many unique words which do not exist in either Swedish or Danish. In attempts to preserve the unique aspects of Scanian, the words have been recorded and documented by the Institute for Dialectology, Onomastics and Folklore Research in Sweden. Preservation is also accomplished by comparative studies such as

2160-534: The territory where Swedish is the national or official language. Swedish and Danish are considered to have once been part of the same dialect, Old East Norse , up until the 12th century. However, some scholars speculate that there might have been certain dialect differences within the Nordic language area as early as the Proto-Nordic period. The term Swedish is not mentioned specifically in any source until

2208-428: Was Kristianstad County , with services to Helsingborg extended to Ängelholm in 1999, services to Ystad extended to Tomelilla and Simrishamn in 2003 and services to Hässleholm and Kristianstad itself starting in 2007. As the new train sets of the X61 class were being planned, names of women were to be used for the trains for the first time. These trains were playfully called 'Tösatåg' by both Skånetrafiken and

2256-615: Was declassified as a language in 2009. A request for reinstatement was submitted during the 2009 annual review process, but rejected on the grounds of mutual intelligibility; it is listed in ISO 639-6 with code scyr. The official stance of the Swedish government, as relayed through the Institute for language and folklore , is that all languages and dialects which have developed from "a Nordic proto-language", regardless of how independent their development has been from Swedish itself, are de facto Swedish dialects by virtue of being spoken on

2304-457: Was founded in 1999 when the two counties Kristianstads län and Malmöhus län were merged into one region, causing the two respective transport authorities for each previous county to be amalgamated. Presently, Skånetrafiken is a part of the regional government of Region Skåne . The main office is located in Hässleholm with a second office in Lund . The managing director of Skånetrafiken

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