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29-768: RRS may stand for: Racing Rules of Sailing , a set of rules governing the conduct of yacht racing, windsurfing and many other forms of racing with wind-powered vessels Railroad Station, see Train Station Rapid Response Services , a humanitarian logistics service operating in Darfur Rational Response Squad Reaction Research Society Red River Shootout , an annual football game between University of Texas and University of Oklahoma Relative rate of spoilage ,

58-405: A kitesurfer , or a proa . The bearing from a sailing craft's current location to a destination or racing mark that lies within the no-sail zone, may lie on one side or other of being directly upwind. The tack on that side is "favored", because the destination lies closest to the craft's highest point of sail—its "best course" is close-hauled on that tack. Wind shifts that improve the angle towards

87-523: A "+" if the leg will be longer. Repeated sound signals should be made to draw attention to the signal. When displayed ashore means: A notice to competitors has been posted. Repeated sound signals should be made to draw attention to the signal. Indicates a protest if displayed by a competitor during match racing . Indicates a protest by this competitor in fleet racing . Indicates a request for redress in match racing. The Water Club of Cork Harbour , founded in 1720, and oldest member-led yacht club in

116-423: A best course on a given tack, until the wind shifts significantly. Wind strength and the relative position of other sailing craft may determine how frequently to tack. A boat to windward of others enjoys undisturbed air, while disturbing the air for nearby boats that are downwind and behind. To keep this advantage the lead boat will often try to "cover" the trailing boat(s) by maneuvering to keep them "blanketed" in

145-598: A joint project between robot manufacturers and suppliers of robot simulation software Reconfigurable Radio Systems , a generic concept based on wireless technologies Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title RRS . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RRS&oldid=1111572657 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

174-425: A mathematical model used to predict the shelf life of some food products Rentsys Recovery Services , a provider of Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Solutions Resource Recovery Services ( z/OS feature) Reutech Radar Systems Royal Regiment of Scotland Royal Research Ship Ryan Rowland-Smith , baseball player The IATA airport code for Røros Airport Realistic Robot Simulation ,

203-402: A rounding mark, the position of the next mark has been changed. If the direction to the mark has changed it shall be indicated by displaying the new compass bearing or a green triangular flag (or board) for a change to starboard or a red rectangular flag (or board) for a change to port. If the length of the leg has changed then this shall be signalled by displaying a "-" if the leg will shorter or

232-487: Is described by the rule according to the type of signal. The usual meanings of these flags are as follows: The Answering Pennant ( AP ) with or without a numerical pennant is used to indicate a postponed race. A numerical pennant below the AP denotes the time, in hours, of the race postponement. These signal flags are used before a race start and most commonly as part of a start sequence/procedure. These signal flags are used in

261-419: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Racing Rules of Sailing The Racing Rules of Sailing (often abbreviated to RRS) govern the conduct of yacht racing , windsurfing , kitesurfing , model boat racing, dinghy racing and virtually any other form of racing around a course with more than one vessel while powered by the wind. A new revision

290-718: Is published every four years (after the Olympic Games ) by World Sailing , the sport's world governing body. Full information on the rules can be viewed at World Sailing. The Racing Rules of Sailing were most dramatically simplified in 1997 since the 1940s. The new document contains four main rules [Part 2, Section A]: Four rules about general limitations: [Part 2, Section B] Three rules about marks and obstructions [Part 2, Section C] plus some other rules about starting errors, taking penalties, moving astern, when you are capsized or anchored or run aground, and interfering with another boat. In total there are 91 rules but (since

319-491: Is sufficiently technical that which set of rules are used can make a significant difference to results, particularly in relation to measurement and definition of waterline length . Major Brooke Heckstall-Smith, secretary of the Yacht Racing Association, brought together the associations of 11 European countries in 1906 to discuss common measurement standards. The continuing discussions led to the formation of

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348-411: Is that when competitors break a rule they will promptly take a penalty, which may be to retire.". Depending on the nature of the infraction, the penalty may be either: (1) performing a turn consisting of one tack and one gybe or (2) performing two turns consisting of two tacks and two gybes (except for windsurfing). For most rules infractions, a competitor may be absolved from disqualification from

377-559: The International Yacht Racing Union (IYRU) in 1907. Renamed to International Sailing Federation (ISAF) in 1996 and World Sailing in 2015, this continues to be the rule-setting body for the sport of sailing. Tack (maneuver) A sailing craft, whose course is downwind, jibes (or "wears" if square-rigged ) by having the apparent wind cross the stern from one tack to the other. High-performance sailing craft may tack, rather than jibe, downwind, when

406-639: The International maritime signal flag set. During a race and for any signal concerning the race, these flags are defined in the Racing Rules of Sailing but the signal can be modified by the Sailing Instructions. The raising (hoisting) or removing of a visual signal is accompanied by the emission of a sound signal to draw attention to the new signal. The type of the sound signal (one short sound, two short sounds, one long sound, etc.)

435-434: The 1st substitute is removed. (The two sound signals when the first substitute is displayed are in addition to the start sound signal) When displayed at a rounding mark the finish is between the nearby mark and the mast displaying the S flag. When displayed at a line that boats are required to cross at the end of each lap the finish is that line. When displayed at a gate the finish is between the gate marks. When displayed at

464-746: The RYS rules. As yachts around Britain began to meet and race against each other the need for a common set of rules became apparent. The Royal Yachting Association was founded in 1875, and with the Prince of Wales as its Commodore, its rules were accepted by all the national clubs. The rules continued to evolve from the originals, via the Tonnage Rule and the Sail Area Rule. Worldwide similar national yacht racing authorities were formed, each having its own, largely similar rules. The sport of sailing

493-641: The Royal Yacht Squadron introduced more sailing related regulations, including forbidding the shifting of ballast, receiving outside assistance and that a yacht on the port tack should in all cases give way to one on a starboard tack. Other yacht clubs were similarly introducing rules, the Royal Thames Yacht Club having one allowing a yacht to signal a protest by raising the club ensign. The New York Yacht Club published its rules in 1846, many of them similar to, but expanding on

522-399: The apparent wind is well forward. Sails are limited in how close to the direction of the wind they can power a sailing craft. The area towards the wind defining those limits is called the "no-sail zone". To travel towards a destination that is within the no-sail zone, a craft must perform a series of zig-zag maneuvers in that direction, maintaining a course to the right or the left that allows

551-524: The boat back up to speed and allowing the sails to immediately resume their optimum shape on the new tack. The form of the boat in the water, not the rudder, is the primary mechanism for changing course from one tack to the other. Some keel boats may also be roll tacked. The technique of roll tacking was developed by Peter Claydon who raced dinghies on the River Cam in Cambridge as a teenager (where it

580-477: The destination are called "lifts"; those that increase the angle away from the destination are called "headers". A sufficiently large wind shift may cause the destination to lie on the opposite side of the direction from which the destination or mark lies and indicate a tack to the favored side—tacking on a header. High-performance sailing craft, such as sailing catamarans , sailing hydrofoils , ice boats and land-sailing craft , may be capable of speeds exceeding

609-399: The disturbed air coming from its sails. The trailing boats seek to avoid the disturbed air from boats to windward without losing too much speed or momentum. A "tacking duel" develops when a leading boat decides to cover a trailing boat and the trailing boat seeks to escape the disturbed air. A successful approach for the trailing boat is to tack within the area of maximally disturbed air, where

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638-491: The major simplification in 1997) only 15 rules govern what boats do when they meet on the water (part 2 rules). It is not necessary to know all of the rules to successfully compete in a dinghy race, but a knowledge of the basics is recommended. Sailboat racing is a self-regulated sport. As stated by the Racing Rules of Sailing , "Competitors in the sport of sailing are governed by a body of rules that they are expected to follow and enforce. A fundamental principle of sportsmanship

667-453: The pre-start procedure. Class flags can be numeral pennants 1 [REDACTED] , 2 [REDACTED] , and 3 [REDACTED] however they can be substituted to avoid confusion with the postponement signals relating to a particular class. One or more boats did not start correctly and must return and do a proper start. The X flag is displayed until the earliest of the following: all boats over the line early have returned correctly, 4 minutes from

696-701: The race by taking such a penalty. However, if the infraction caused injury or serious damage, or produced a significant advantage in the race or series, the penalty shall be to retire. If a competitor fails to take penalty turn(s) they may be disqualified after a hearing by the Protest Committee. The aforementioned principles do not apply to match racing (like the America's Cup ) where on-the-water umpires impose penalties immediately after an infraction occurs. Sail races are governed with flags and sound signals to indicate flag changes. The flags used are taken from

725-412: The sail(s) to generate power. Each such course is a "tack". The act of transitioning from one tack to the other is called "tacking" or "coming about". Sailing on a series of courses that are close to the craft's windward limitation ( close-hauled ) is called "beating to windward". The method for tacking of sailing craft differs, depending on whether they are fore-and aft , square-rigged, a windsurfer ,

754-412: The start or until one minute before the next start. (The sound signal is in addition to the start sound signal) All boats are to return and then a new start sequence will begin. Signaled when there are unidentified boats over the line or subject to one of the starting penalties, or there has been an error in the starting procedure. The new warning signal for the recalled class will be made 1 minute after

783-453: The true wind speed, sailing off the wind. Because the speed of the craft is a dominant contributor to the apparent wind, the apparent wind angle shifts forward. Such sailing craft may tack, while going downwind, under the principle of apparent wind sailing . Sailing race courses may be triangular, windward-leeward triangular, or simply windward-leeward, each of which involves at least one leg directly to windward. The windward mark may favor

812-426: The wind has the least effect on the boat's wind-caused drag ( windage ). Roll tacking, usually while racing sailing dinghies , involves aggressive heeling of the sailboat, as the skipper and crew move towards the windward side during the first half of the tack when the boat crosses through the wind. The skipper and crew then roll the boat back to an even keel following the completion of the tack, rapidly accelerating

841-619: The world, had a set of rules for members. The earliest were largely concerned with conduct and flags used to signal between yachts as the earliest club meetings sailed in formation like naval manoeuvres. The Yacht Club, which became the Royal Yacht Squadron was similar, initially its members divided into two squadrons of equal numbers, who were supposed to sail behind the Commodore. By 1819 individual matches were being held, as sporting bets, between particular yachts. In 1828

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