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35-479: The orchestra traces its origins back to 1448 and the trumpet corps at the royal court of King Christian I , and thus has claims to be the oldest orchestra in the world. Over the years, the orchestra moved out of the court and settled down in the pit at the Royal Danish Theatre . Its leaders included Christoph Willibald Gluck , who composed the music for special occasions such as the celebration of

70-557: A Swedish king. Charles was elected king of Norway in the following year. However the counts of Holstein made the Danish Privy Council appoint Christian as king of Denmark. His subsequent accessions to the thrones of Norway (in 1450) and Sweden (in 1457) restored the unity of the Kalmar Union for a short period. In 1464, Sweden broke away from the union and Christian's attempt at a reconquest resulted in his defeat by

105-506: A separate king. The latter option was quickly discarded, and a power-struggle ensued between the supporters of Christian of Denmark and Charles of Sweden. The Norwegian Council of the Realm was divided. In February 1449, a part of the Council declared in favour of Charles as king, but on 15 June the same year, a different group of councillors paid homage to Christian. On 20 November, Charles

140-574: Is also given by the council to all of the monarch's official actions as head of state. Council protocols are secret. Although being a formal part of the legal enactment procedure in Denmark, the royal assent is nowadays only a formality, as the Danish monarch does not directly participate in formal decision-making and is obliged to sign all passed laws at the monthly called Statsråd meetings. Unlike its British and Canadian counterparts , membership of

175-499: Is done by the counter-signatures of the monarch and a minister. Before granting the assent, a relevant minister explains the general aim of the bill brought before the council. According to section 22 of the Danish constitution , a bill must be granted assent within thirty days of its passing by parliament, at the latest, for it to become an Act. In urgent cases, or if a passed law will be in conflict with this time limit if only signed at

210-480: Is the privy council of the Kingdom of Denmark . The body of advisors to the Danish monarch , the council is a formal institution, with largely ceremonial functions. Chaired by the monarch, the council comprises all cabinet ministers and the crown prince or princess when coming of age. When unavailable, the monarch is represented by the regent or Lord Protector ( Danish : Rigsforstander ). In its beginnings,

245-506: The Duchy of Schleswig . In January 1448, King Christopher of Denmark, Sweden and Norway died suddenly and without natural heirs. His death resulted in the break-up of the union of the three kingdoms, as Denmark and Sweden went their separate ways and Norway's affiliation was unclear. The vacant Danish throne was first offered by the Council of the Realm to Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, being

280-599: The House of Oldenburg , a comital family established since the 12th century in an area west of the River Weser in north-western Germany. Based on the two strongholds of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst , the family had gradually expanded its rule over the neighbouring Frisian tribes of the area. Christian's father was called the Fortunate as he had reunited and expanded the family's territory. Christian's mother, Hedvig,

315-428: The House of Oldenburg , remains on the throne of Denmark. It was on the throne of Norway until 1818, returning there again from 1905, and also on the throne of Sweden during Christian's reign there and those of his son and grandson , but also 1751–1818. Privy Council of Denmark The Council of State ( Danish : Statsrådet , Faroese : Ríkisráðið , Greenlandic : Naalagaaffimmi Siunnersuisoqatigiit )

350-623: The Schauenburg fürst clan, who died 4 December 1459, without heirs. Christian's succession was confirmed by the Estates of the Realm (nobility and representatives) of these duchies in Ribe 5 March 1460 ( Treaty of Ribe ). In 1474 Lauenburg's liege lord Emperor Frederick III elevated Christian I as Count of Holstein to Duke of Holstein , thus becoming an immediate imperial vassal (see imperial immediacy ). Christian's personal territory

385-495: The 2024–2025 season, with an initial contract of 5 years. Jacquot is the first female conductor to be named music director of Det Kongelige Kapel . Christian I of Denmark Christian I (Christiern I) (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a German noble and Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union . He was king of Denmark (1448–1481), Norway (1450–1481) and Sweden (1457–1464). From 1460 to 1481, he

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420-593: The Council of State, in which the Heir to the Throne shall have a seat when of age. The Council of State shall be presided over by the King except in the instance mentioned in section 8, and in instances where the legislature in pursuance of section 9 may have delegated the conduct of government to the Council of State. (2) All Bills and important government measures shall be discussed in the Council of State. From 1848 to 1918

455-550: The Swedish kingdom up to his death in 1481. In 1460 King Christian also became Duke of Schleswig , a Danish fief , and Count of Holstein-Rendsburg , a Saxe-Lauenburgian subfief within the Holy Roman Empire . Christian inherited Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig after a short " interregnum " as the eldest son of the sister of late Duke Adolphus VIII , Duke of Schleswig (Southern Jutland) and Count of Holstein, of

490-854: The Swedish regent Sten Sture the Elder at the Battle of Brunkeberg in 1471. In 1460, following the death of his uncle, Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, Count of Holstein , Christian also became Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein. Christiern was born in February 1426 in Oldenburg in Northern Germany as the eldest son of Count Dietrich of Oldenburg by his second wife, Hedvig of Holstein (died 1436). Christian had two younger brothers, Maurice (1428–1464) and Gerhard (1430–1500), and one sister Adelheid . Through his father, he belonged to

525-502: The age of 55. He was interred at the Chapel of the Magi at Roskilde Cathedral , a richly decorated chapel he and Queen Dorothea had erected to serve as a family sepulchral chapel for the House of Oldenburg . The burials of Christian I and Queen Dorothea are marked with a pair of simple stones, as the chapel itself was to be considered their sepulchral monument . The dynasty he founded,

560-621: The autumn same year he visited Charles of Burgundy , acting as intermediary between him and future emperor Maximilian I . He stayed in Burgundy for several months, moving to the Netherlands in the early 1475. Acting on a permission from Pope Sixtus IV in 1475 to establish a university in Denmark, the University of Copenhagen was inaugurated by Christian on 1 June 1479. King Christian died at Copenhagen Castle on 21 May 1481 at

595-601: The birth, in 1749, of the later King Christian VII , whilst in Denmark. A growing number of engagements saw an increase in the size of the orchestra. When Johann Gottlieb Naumann carried out his reforms in the 1780s, the ensemble numbered 46 members. At this time, the Chorus of the Royal Danish Opera became permanently assigned to the Royal Danish Theatre. F. L. Æ. Kunzen introduced Mozart into

630-438: The council does not carry along with it an entitlement to a special title or form of address. Section 17 of the Danish constitution ( Danish : Danmarks Riges Grundlov ) in broad terms set the rules for the council. Section 18 of the constitution which allows for ministers to hold council meetings without the monarch, a so-called Council of Ministers, is no longer in effect. Section 17 (1) The body of Ministers shall form

665-415: The council was a place of debate amongst the ministers over government policy. However, since the formation of real political parties at the beginning of the 20th century, these debates were moved from the council to informal ministerial meetings where government policy could be coordinated – usually held every Wednesday. As a result, the primary function of the council today is to grant royal assent , which

700-506: The ensemble's repertoire in the 1790s. The tenure of Johan Svendsen , starting in 1883, began a pronounced period of growth and development for the orchestra, including Svendsen's introduction of major symphonic works in a series of concerts by the Royal Danish Orchestra that gradually became a tradition in the world of Danish music , while the major symphonies became the domain of the orchestra. Carl Nielsen served with

735-578: The legitimate sons of the previous king, if such existed. Charles Knutsson became increasingly unpopular as king of Sweden, and was driven into exile in 1457. Christian achieved his aim of being elected as king of Sweden, thus re-establishing the Kalmar Union. He received the power from temporary Swedish regents Archbishop Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and lord Erik Axelsson Tott . However, Sweden being volatile and split by factions (benefits of union being against nationalistic benefits), his reign there ended in 1464 when Kettil Karlsson Vasa , Bishop of Linköping

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770-738: The most prominent feudal lord of Danish dominions. The duke declined and recommended his nephew, Count Christian of Oldenburg. Before being elected, Christian had to promise to obey to the Constitutio Valdemariana , a provision in the ascension promissory of King Valdemar III of Denmark , that promised that in the future, the same person could never be both ruler of the Duchy of Schleswig and Denmark simultaneously. The council also demanded that Christian should marry dowager queen Dorothea of Brandenburg (ca 1430–1495), widow of his predecessor King Christopher III. On 1 September 1448, after signing his ascension promissory, count Christian

805-451: The next scheduled council meeting, the responsible minister for the law is also allowed to visit the royal institution at a separate meeting ahead of the scheduled council meeting, and ask for royal assent. The monarch cannot be held responsible for any granted assent. Besides enacting parliamentary bills, as a rule all government bills also have to have formal approval by the monarch and a minister before introduction to parliament. Approval

840-535: The orchestra for many years, partly as 2nd violinist and partly as conductor. King Frederik IX enjoyed a particularly close relationship with the Royal Danish Orchestra, pursuing with its members his interest for the art of conducting. Michael Schønwandt was the orchestra's principal conductor, from 2000 to 2011. In September 2011, the orchestra announced the appointment of Jakub Hrůša as its next music director, effective September 2013. However, in January 2012, in

875-563: The person in charge of the Council’s presidium ( Danish : Konseilspræsidiet ) wore the title of President of the Council ( Danish : Konseilspræsident ) and was the de facto prime minister. In 1918 the presidium had formed into a regular cabinet office and was transformed into what today is known as the Ministry of the State of Denmark ( Danish : Statsministeriet ). The office consists of

910-496: The post through 2016. In November 2017, the orchestra announced Alexander Vedernikov as its next chief conductor. Vedernikov held the post from 2018 until his death in October 2020. The orchestra's current principal guest conductor is Paolo Carignani, as of the 2021–2022 season, with an initial contract of 3 years. In February 2022, the orchestra announced the appointment of Marie Jacquot as its next music director, effective with

945-517: The three surviving sons of Valdemar II and his second wife Berengaria of Portugal . He was also a cognatic descendant of King Magnus III of Sweden . At the death of their father in 1440, Christian and his brothers jointly succeeded Dietrich as Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst. Christian was raised by his uncle, Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, Count of Holstein (1401–1459) as the childless duke wished for his young nephew to become his heir, and also succeeded in having Christian elected as his successor in

980-481: The wake of the resignation of Keith Warner from the artistic directorship of the Royal Danish Opera following proposed budget cuts, Hrůša announced that he would not take the music directorship of Royal Danish Opera, and with that the corresponding post with the Royal Danish Orchestra, in solidarity with Warner's action. In May 2012, the orchestra announced the appointment of Michael Boder as its next chief conductor and artistic advisor, effective August 2012. Boder held

1015-470: Was a daughter of Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein , and a sister of Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig . Through his mother, Christian was also a cognatic descendant of King Eric V of Denmark through his second daughter Richeza (died 1308) and also a cognatic descendant of King Abel of Denmark through his daughter Sophie. Through his father, Christian was a cognatic descendant of King Eric IV of Denmark through his daughter Sophia . Christian thus descended from

1050-456: Was also duke of Schleswig (within Denmark) and count (after 1474, duke) of Holstein (within the Holy Roman Empire ). He was the first king of the House of Oldenburg . In the power vacuum that arose following the death of King Christopher of Bavaria (1416–1448) without a direct heir, Sweden elected Charles VIII of Sweden (1408–1470) king with the intent to reestablish the union under

1085-652: Was at its largest in 1460–1464, before the loss of Sweden. However, many parts of his realm wanted to govern themselves locally, and there were constant struggles. Denmark was his most important center of power. In 1474 Christian travelled two times: in April he went to Milan (his stay in Lombardy is celebrated by frescoes by Il Romanino in the Malpaga Castle ) and Rome , in Italy , where he met Pope Sixtus IV . In

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1120-542: Was crowned king of Norway in Trondheim . However, the Swedish nobility now took steps to avoid war with Denmark. In June 1450, the Swedish Council of the Realm forced Charles to renounce his claim on Norway to King Christian. In the summer of 1450, Christian sailed to Norway with a large fleet, and on 2 August he was crowned king of Norway in Trondheim . On 29 August, a union treaty between Denmark and Norway

1155-586: Was elected to the Danish throne as king Christian I at the assembly in Viborg . His coronation was held on 28 October 1449, in the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen , at which occasion his marriage with dowager queen Dorothea was also celebrated. Meanwhile, Sweden had on 20 June 1448 elected Charles (VIII) as king of Sweden. Norway was now faced with the choice between a union with Denmark or Sweden, or electing

1190-470: Was installed as the next regent. Charles Knutsson was recalled as King of Sweden, although he was later exiled a second time, recalled again and died during his third term as king. Christian's final attempt at regaining Sweden ended in a total military failure at the Battle of Brunkeberg (outside Stockholm) October 1471 where he was defeated by forces on Swedish regent Sten Sture the Elder ( Swedish : Sten Sture den äldre ). Christian maintained his claim to

1225-471: Was signed in Bergen . Norway had of old been a hereditary monarchy , but this had become less and less a reality, as at the last royal successions, hereditary claims had been bypassed for political reasons. It was now explicitly stated that Norway, as well as Denmark, was an elective monarchy. The treaty stipulated that Denmark and Norway should have the same king in perpetuity, and that he would be elected among

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