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47-667: The founder of the standing army in Saxony was Elector Johann Georg III . He convinced the Saxon Estates in 1681 that the established practice of in case of war hiring mercenaries and dismissing them in peace, was as costly as the formation of a standing army. In 1682 the hitherto existing home troops and Guard and other small units were consolidated in line regiments . The army consisted of six infantry regiments of eight companies and five cavalry regiments. The field artillery consisted out of 24 guns. The Northern War proved

94-520: A commitment to contribute funds. The Privy War Chancellery ( geheime Kriegskanzlei ) was set up as the highest military authority. Extreme pressure was used to obtain recruits for the new army. He always neglected home affairs. In foreign policy, he was less inconstant than his father. He broke off relations with the French crown and strove energetically to win Brandenburg and other German princes for

141-646: A different corps and participated in the Battle of Borodino. After the failure of the invasion, the campaign of 1813 mainly centered around Saxon territory. When the Russo-Prussian armies invaded Saxony, King Frederick Augustus fled to Bohemia . The Saxon army was then invested in the fortress of Torgau . After the defeat of the Allies at Lützen and Bautzen and due to the hesitant attitude of Austria, Frederick Augustus had no choice but to support Napoleon. Thus

188-793: A large portion of its population and parts of his army. Protests of the Saxon troops handed over to and integrated in the Prussian army were violently suppressed by the Prussians. The scaled down Saxon Corps took part in the 1815 campaign under Seventh Coalition command in the Upper Rhine . The Saxons continued to occupy France with the allies until 1818. In the Armed Forces of the German Confederation Saxony provided

235-527: A law case concerning a wooded area in the Ore Mountains ( Erzgebirge ) in his favour. The Emperor did not grant material support until the siege of Vienna made his situation look increasingly desperate. John George eventually led his 10,400 strong army against the Turks. However, there was strong opposition from the estates of Saxony, not only because this expensive campaign was exhausting the finances of

282-627: A position which he held till the fall of the Paris Commune . On the conclusion of peace he was made an inspector-general of the army and a Generalfeldmarschall . Saxony also financially benefited from the campaign: its share of the French reparations flowed in part in the construction of Albertstadt , a modern complex of barracks in Dresden, which contains nowadays the Bundeswehr Military History Museum and

329-645: A share of the occupation forces in Alsace-Lorraine ( XV Corps ). Of technical troops until the First World War the Saxon Army consisted of: When the First World War started, the two Saxon Army Corps, and the XII (Royal Saxon) Reserve Corps were mobilized as part of the 3rd Army under command of the former Saxon War Minister, Generaloberst Max von Hausen . The 3rd Army fought in the battle of

376-664: The Army Officer Training School as only military units left. After the founding of the German Empire on 18 January 1871, the Kingdom of Saxony kept the limited autonomy in military matters which it had under the Convention of 1867. It retained, despite certain jurisdictional disputes in the postwar period, a separate Ministry of War, general staff and military academy. The Saxon army continued in

423-646: The Imperial German army as the XII (1st Royal Saxon) Corps , based in Dresden. The Corps consisted out of the 1st and 2nd Division . In 1889, the Saxon Corps raised a 3rd Division , and in 1899 a 4th Division . In 1899, the creation of the two new divisions caused a reorganization of the Saxon army in two army corps, the existing XII, based in Dresden, and the newly formed XIX (2nd Royal Saxon) Corps to be based in Leipzig . Saxon troops also provided

470-556: The Imperial war against the French aggressor. Valued as an ally by the Habsburg court, he was nevertheless viewed with extreme distrust and was not able to overall command of all the imperial troops in the face of a Turkish invasion and he did not obtain the means (food supply and winter accommodation) necessary for the maintenance of his auxiliary troops. There was also the matter of John George's wish for Emperor Leopold I to decide

517-1521: The Plague . He was buried in the Cathedral of Freiberg . John George married Anne Sophie , daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark and Norway , in Copenhagen on 9 October 1666. They had two sons: He also had an illegitimate son by his mistress, the opera singer Margarita Salicola : Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Funck Look for Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Funck on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Funck in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use

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564-716: The Western Front . As the war progressed, through the necessary additions the units becoming increasingly mixed with troops from the other German states. During the war Saxony mobilized a total of about 750,000 soldiers, of whom about 229,000 did not return. Ranks of the Royal Saxon Army in 1810 The General of the Infantry, General of the Cavalry, and General of the Artillery did not have much involvement on

611-409: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Funck " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try

658-546: The Electorate of Saxony but also because they were not pleased with this support for the catholic Emperor, who had often proceeded harshly against Protestants in his own country. At Tulln , on the Danube, he joined the Imperial army and they set off for the relief of Vienna. In the ensuing Battle of Vienna (12 September 1683) he commanded the left wing, where he demonstrated great personal courage. The battle call selected by

705-548: The Emperor or the other commanders, he set off with his troops on the march back to Saxony, probably as a result of the brusque treatment he had been accorded as a Protestant. In 1686 he again supported Leopold's Turkish War . For payment of 300,000 thalers , he sent a troop of 5,000 men to the Emperor. In 1685 he had already hired out 3,000 Saxon nationals for 120,000 thalers to the Republic of Venice for their Morean War on

752-650: The Emperor, took overall command of the imperial army. Success was limited, however, partly owing to personal skirmishes between John George, the Field Marshal Hans Adam von Schöning and the Austrian commander Aeneas de Caprara ; only the crossing of the Rhine at Sandhofen succeeded. John George died shortly after in Tübingen , where he had been brought, of an epidemic illness, probably Cholera or

799-517: The English throne by William. Following a renewed invasion by France in (1689), he again led his troops into battle to protect Franconia . He later joined the army of Charles V, Duke of Lorraine and took part in the siege of Mainz. He later had to leave the theatre because of an illness but, against the advice of his physicians and advisors, he returned in May 1690 and with a reinforced alliance with

846-801: The Fifth Coalition in 1809 against the Empire of Austria which made clear that the army needed to be reformed in order to build a modern and organized army in the French style. The 1810 reform was based on the 1804 drill book – which increased the rapid march to 90 steps from the previous 75 – and the 1808 French infantry regulations and led by General Lecoq, the Major-Generals Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand von Funck  [ de ] , Karl Friedrich Wilhelm von Gersdorff  [ de ] and Johann von Thielmann and Colonel Friedrich von Langenau . Further changes in

893-645: The French occupied Saxony. Saxony became a member state of the Confederation of the Rhine and on 20 December 1806, the Electorate was created a kingdom by the graces of Napoleon . During the Battle of Friedland , a small division of two brigades, two cavalry regiments, and two foot batteries served in the French Reserve Corps under Marshal Jean Lannes . The Saxon troops participated in War of

940-694: The Frontiers , mainly in the battles of Dinant and Charleroi . After the Second Army 's retreat after the First Battle of the Marne , Hausen saw his own flank exposed and ordered a retreat. After the stabilization of the front on the Aisne River , on September 9, 1914, Hausen was relieved of his command due to illness and replaced by General Karl von Einem . The Saxon troops were used mostly at

987-481: The General staff members present in the city. These were the following: Grenadier-Battalion "von Liebenau" Line Infantry Regiment "Prinz Friedrich August" Line Infantry Regiment "Prinz Clemens" Line Infantry Regiment "Prinz Anton" 1st Light Infantry Regiment "von Le Coq" 1 Mounted Artillery Battery with 6 guns John George III, Elector of Saxony Johann George III (20 June 1647 – 12 September 1691)

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1034-592: The Greek Peloponnese Peninsula. He did not join the League of Augsburg of 1686 against France , but he did travel personally to The Hague in March 1688, to discuss with Prince William III of Orange , George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg possible moves against Louis XIV . However, he did not directly support the forthcoming assumption of

1081-525: The Saxon army fought during the 1813 Autumn campaign on the French side. In the Battle of Leipzig on the third day of battle a major part of the Saxon contingent defected to the Allies and Frederick Augustus was taken prisoner. The Saxon army was reorganized in 1813 at Merseburg then at 1814 at Flanders by Johann von Thielmann and participated in the occupation of the Netherlands. The Congress of Vienna decided in favor of dividing Saxony by giving Prussia

1128-532: The Saxon military reforms: The new army administration brought totally different conditions, especially in relation to food, clothing and equipment of the troops. The command of the renewed army was nominally the King. In 1810, Major General Heinrich von Cerrini  [ nl ] was Minister of War and General von Gersdorff chief of the General Staff . As a result of military reform, the Royal Saxon Army

1175-610: The VII Army Corps of Grande Armée under the command of the French General of Division Jean Reynier . The Saxons fielded 18 infantry battalions , 28 Cavalry squadrons , 56 (six and four-pounder) guns, together 200 men and 7,000 horses. The Saxons fought in the battles of Kobrin and Gorodechno before joining the Grande Armée in its retreat. A detachment of cuirassiers was separated from the main army and placed in

1222-551: The Venetian opera singer Margarita Salicola and began a relationship; he brought her to Dresden (not only to work, but also as his official mistress). She began a new era for the opera in Saxony, which had previously been dominated by the castrati . In 1686, the pietist Philipp Jakob Spener became the court chaplain in Dresden . But Spener was not generally accepted there and in 1691 he moved to Brandenburg . Meanwhile,

1269-459: The War he gained the nickname of the " Saxonian Mars ". From his childhood, he learned the typical duties and manners of an heir to the throne. That included not only a strictly Lutheran education but also language tuition and instruction in the art of fortress building and warfare . In character he resembled his father. He shared his liking for Italian music and theatre. In 1685 John George III met

1316-598: The XII Corps, which was placed under Prussian command. Saxony had to hand over the Fortress Königstein to Prussia. The Kingdom of Saxony took part in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War on the side of Prussia. On the outbreak of the war Prince Albert again commanded the Saxons, who were included in the 2nd army under Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia , his old opponent. At the Battle of Gravelotte , they formed

1363-560: The actual battlefields during the Napoleonic Wars, command was mainly done by the Lieutenant and Major Generals. Wachtmeister Commarendiersergeant Wachtmeister for cavalry regiments, and Commariendersergeant for the artillery. Feuerwerker Feuerwerker was used for the artillery. Grenadier Reiter Canonier Grenadier was used for the guards and infantry grenadiers, Reiter was used for cavalry regiments, Canonier

1410-610: The army to 17,000 men. During the Seven Years' War Saxony was again invaded by Prussia and the Saxon army was invested by the Prussian army in the Siege of Pirna where they had to capitulate on 16 October 1756. Only four cavalry regiments and two Lancers formations, which were located in Poland, escaped the surrender. Frederick II of Prussia forced the Saxon regiments to swear an oath of allegiance to Prussia, which at least most of

1457-641: The border on 16 July 1866 near Strehla and Löbau . Saxony unsuccessfully called for the support of the army of the Confederation and of Austria but the Saxon army was forced to pull back because of the military situation into Bohemia and effected a junction with the Austrians . The Saxon army took a prominent part in the battles by which the Prussians forced the line of the Jizera and in the Battle of Jičín . The Crown Prince, however, succeeded in effecting

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1504-405: The combat power of the Saxon army to be very low, so that after the war a military reform was enacted which aimed to increase their military efficiency. As part of this reform, the Saxon army was brought to a strength of 30,000, which consisted almost exclusively of Saxons. Thus it differed from the armies of other European states, which supplemented their staff frequently with foreigners. Following

1551-469: The electorate had recovered from the consequences of the Thirty Years' War . By 1689, Dresden had a population of 21,300 and was becoming less provincial. Four years before, in 1685, the old city of Dresden was destroyed by a fire; later, Wolf Caspar von Klengel and Balthasar Permoser were entrusted by the elector with the reconstruction of the city in the baroque style which was the new fashion at

1598-505: The emperor " Maria Help " (which might carry Roman Catholic connotations ) had been previously amended to "Jesus and Maria help" at the request of John George. King John III Sobieski of Poland, who also took part in the battle, said of John George: " the Elector of Saxony is an honest man with a straight heart ". John George also accompanied the Emperor after the victory when he entered Vienna. But on 15 September, without taking leave of

1645-683: The extreme left of the German army, and with the Prussian Guard carried out the attack on St Privat , the final and decisive action in the battle. In the re-organisation of the army which accompanied the march towards Paris the Crown Prince gained a separate command over the 4th army ( Army of the Meuse ) consisting of the Saxons, the Prussian Guard corps, and the IV ( Prussian Saxony ) corps. Albert

1692-536: The fourth largest contingent, after Austria, Prussia and Bavaria. The Saxon troops, together with the quotas from Hesse-Kassel and Nassau , formed the mixed IX. Army Corps. When the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 began, Saxony supported Austria and mobilized its 32,000-strong army around Dresden under the command of Crown Prince Albert . After the declaration of war the Prussian Army crossed

1739-480: The officers refused. Ten infantry regiments and one battalion of Chevau-légers were provided with Prussian uniforms and placed in the hostile army. However, this was not successful because the majority of the troops deserted. From 1757, most of the "booty-regiments" dissolved, only three of which remained at war's end. The same year a Saxon corps under Prince Prince Francis Xavier of Saxony was raised in Hungary. After

1786-412: The reform, the army consisted of Guard Infantry, line infantry, and cavalry regiments ( Chevau-légers , Dragoons and cuirassiers ) together. The artillery as a third independent branch of service and was made up of field artillery and in-house. Also belonging to the artillery, were Mineurs and pontoniers established companies. The army was divided into four General Houses and classified according to

1833-588: The retreat in good order, and with his troops took part in the decisive Battle of Königgrätz (3 July 1866) where the Saxons held the extreme left of the Austrian position. The Saxons maintained their post with great tenacity, but were involved in the disastrous defeat of their allies. After the peace Saxony was forced to join the North German Confederation . According to the Military Convention of 7 February 1867 its army formed

1880-572: The state of Saxony into four military divisions. For the first time for the accommodation of the troops barracks were built. During the Second Silesian War , Saxony allied with Austria. The Saxon army suffered heavily under Friedrich August Graf Rutowski in the battle of Kesselsdorf against Prussia. The growing crisis bankrupted the state and forced the Saxon Prime Minister Graf Brühl in 1749 to reduce

1927-405: The time. John George showed a strong interest in the military and even while he was still the heir led Saxon Army forces in the Rhine Campaign. After his accession as Elector, he reduced the size of the royal household and began with the establishment of a small standing army of 12,000 men, after the model of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and managed to extract from the states of the realm

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1974-401: The troops under his orders, Albert carried out the envelopment of the French on the east and north. Albert's conduct in these engagements won for him the complete confidence of the army, and during the Siege of Paris his troops formed the north-east section of the investing force. After the conclusion of the Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) , he was left in command of the German army of occupation,

2021-427: The war, Prince Francis Xavier as regent for the underage Elector Friedrich August III sought to reform the army to Prussian model, but failed because of the resistance of the estates because of high costs. Saxony fought in the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806 initially on the side of Prussia. In the battles of Saalfeld and Jena–Auerstedt , the Saxon and Prussian armies were heavily defeated. After these defeats

2068-416: Was Elector of Saxony from 1680 to 1691. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin . Johann Georg III was born in Dresden , the only son of Johann George II and Magdalene Sybille of Brandenburg-Bayreuth . John George succeeded his father as elector of Saxony when he died, in 1680; he was also appointed Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire . Because of his courage and his enthusiasm for

2115-427: Was formed along the following structure: To these were added: After the reforms of 1810 the army consisted of 31 infantry battalions and artillery brigades (24,937 men), 36 squadrons of cavalry (6,577 men) and an engineering corps (266 men); all in all 31,780 men. On 15 February 1812 the army was mobilized for the upcoming French invasion of Russia . The Saxon contingent was formed as the 21st and 22nd Division of

2162-424: Was succeeded in command of the XII Corps by his brother Prince George . Albert and the Saxons took a leading part in the operations which preceded the battle of Sedan , the 4th army being the pivot on which the whole army wheeled round in pursuit of Mac-Mahon ; and the actions of Buzancy and Beaumont on 29 and 30 August 1870 were fought under his direction; in the Battle of Sedan itself (1 September 1870), with

2209-580: Was used for the artillery regiments, A common misconception about the Saxon infantry regiments is that they were numbered, there is no evidence of any of the line infantry regiments being numbered, however the light infantry regiments were assigned numbers. Additionally, there were also garrison companies for fortresses and other defensive structures. In Dresden, there was a Swiss Guard, Cadet Corps, and an artillery academy. These units were divided into brigades and divisions, being organized as follows: Some units were also maintained in Dresden and subordinate to

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