67-451: Rockleigh (pronounced ROCK-lee) is a borough in northeastern Bergen County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the borough's population was 407, a decrease of 124 (−23.4%) from the 2010 census count of 531, which in turn reflected an increase of 140 (+35.8%) from the 391 counted in the 2000 census . Bordering Alpine , a community ranked America's most expensive ZIP Code by Forbes , Rockleigh has
134-520: A student–teacher ratio of 11.2:1. The Rockleigh Borough Board of Education is a five-member board with the members appointed by the mayor since 2005. The district's last elected term expired in 2007 at which time the board consisted entirely of mayoral appointees. Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan , together with students from Harrington Park , Northvale , Norwood and Old Tappan , with students from Rockleigh attending
201-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data
268-539: A one-year term) and a six-member council (elected to staggered three-year terms). The mayor would preside at council meetings, but had no vote except to break ties. This system resulted in a period, known as " boroughitis ", where large numbers of small boroughs were created. In 1894, the Legislature passed an act requiring each township to have a single school district. A wave of borough incorporations followed, as one part of several townships decided that it would prefer
335-492: A partisan election. Only two boroughs, Roselle and Roselle Park , have ward structures with councils having five ward members and one at-large. The borough system has a weak mayor and the council performs most legislative and executive functions. This form of local government is used by 39% of the municipalities in New Jersey. There are a total of 253 boroughs in New Jersey, which include: White (U.S. Census) In
402-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,
469-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire
536-619: A similar residential character, with large single-family homes on large plots of land. Rockleigh was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 13, 1923 (based on the results of a referendum held on April 10, 1923) from portions of Northvale . The borough was named for a property in Virginia that had been owned by the borough's first mayor. New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Rockleigh as its 13th best place to live in its 2008 rankings of
603-616: A social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with
670-968: A staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024, the county executive is James J. Tedesco III ( D , Paramus ), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale , 2025), Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson , 2025), Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee , 2026), Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah , 2025), Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield , 2026), Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington , 2024) and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes , 2024). Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale , 2026), Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood , 2024) and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill , 2026). As of March 2011, there were
737-405: A staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by Rockleigh is a " weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of
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#1732779922138804-593: A successful write-in campaign and defeated incumbent mayor Nick Langella by a 2–1 margin. Councilmembers Shirl Ewald and James Pontone were re-elected. Law enforcement services in Rockleigh are provided under contract by the Northvale Police Department. The borough paid Northvale $ 325,000 per year for police coverage in 2017. Rockleigh is located in the 5th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 39th state legislative district. For
871-520: A total of 229 registered voters in Rockleigh, of which 59 (25.8% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 70 (30.6% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 99 (43.2% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There was one voter registered to another party. Among the borough's 2010 Census population, 43.1% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 51.5% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide). In
938-405: A turnout of 70.1% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County). In the 2004 presidential election , Democrat John Kerry received 100 votes (50.5% vs. 51.7% countywide), ahead of Republican George W. Bush with 96 votes (48.5% vs. 47.2%) and other candidates with one vote (0.5% vs. 0.7%), among the 198 ballots cast by the borough's 272 registered voters, for a turnout of 72.8% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county). In
1005-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,
1072-432: Is home to the highest number of boroughs of any New Jersey county, at 56. The Borough Act of 1878 allowed any township (or portion thereof) with a land area of no more than four square miles (10 km ) and a population not exceeding 5,000, to establish itself as an independent borough through a petition and referendum process on a self-executing basis. As enacted, a borough would be governed by an elected mayor (serving
1139-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of
1206-484: The 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 5th congressional district is represented by Josh Gottheimer ( D , Wyckoff ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024–2025 session , the 39th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in
1273-582: The 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 62.0% of the vote (75 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 12.4% (15 votes), and other candidates with 25.6% (31 votes), among the 92 ballots cast by the borough's 238 registered voters for a turnout of 38.7%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 70 votes (55.6% vs. 45.8% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 51 votes (40.5% vs. 48.0%), Independent Chris Daggett with 5 votes (4.0% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with no votes (0.0% vs. 0.5%), among
1340-579: The 2016 presidential election , Republican Donald Trump received 89 votes (53.3% vs. 41.6% countywide), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 68 votes (40.7% vs. 54.8%) and other candidates with 5 votes (3.0% vs. 3.0%), among the 167 ballots cast by the borough's 256 registered voters, for a turnout of 65.2% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County). In the 2012 presidential election , Republican Mitt Romney received 89 votes (53.6% vs. 43.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 76 votes (45.8% vs. 54.8%) and other candidates with one vote (0.6% vs. 0.9%), among
1407-814: The Bergen County Technical Schools , which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack , and the Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus . The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district. As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 4.56 miles (7.34 km) of roadways, of which 2.74 miles (4.41 km) were maintained by
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#17327799221381474-553: The Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education . As of the 2020–21 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,103 students and 94.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.7:1. Public school students from the borough, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by
1541-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from
1608-537: The State Senate by Holly Schepisi ( R , River Vale ) and in the General Assembly by Robert Auth (R, Old Tappan ) and John V. Azzariti (R, Saddle River ). Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive , with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on
1675-701: The Town of Orangetown in Rockland County, New York . The 2010 United States census counted 531 people, 75 households, and 58 families in the borough. The population density was 548.1 per square mile (211.6/km). There were 86 housing units at an average density of 88.8 per square mile (34.3/km). The racial makeup was 95.10% (505) White , 2.07% (11) Black or African American , 0.19% (1) Native American , 1.51% (8) Asian , 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander , 0.19% (1) from other races , and 0.94% (5) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.77% (20) of
1742-410: The U.S. state of New Jersey , refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government (in addition to those established under a special charter ). The borough is the most common form of local government in New Jersey . In 2023 there were 253 boroughs in New Jersey. However, boroughs were not always so common. In 1875 only 17 boroughs had been created, all by special acts of
1809-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing
1876-603: The United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in a separate question. The racial categories represent
1943-547: The borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of a mayor and a borough council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on
2010-658: The "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey. According to the United States Census Bureau , the borough had a total area of 1.01 square miles (2.62 km), including 1.00 square miles (2.60 km) of land and 0.01 square miles (0.02 km) of water (0.69%). Rockleigh is about 25 miles (40 km) from Manhattan in New York City . The borough borders the municipalities of Alpine , Northvale and Norwood in Bergen County and Tappan in
2077-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census
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2144-575: The 126 ballots cast by the borough's 258 registered voters, yielding a 48.8% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county). Students from Rockleigh, a non-operating school district, attend the Northvale Public Schools in the Borough of Northvale as part of a sending/receiving relationship . As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 545 students and 48.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for
2211-407: The 166 ballots cast by the borough's 260 registered voters, for a turnout of 63.8% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County). In the 2008 presidential election , Republican John McCain received 97 votes (49.2% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 95 votes (48.2% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with votes (0.0% vs. 0.8%), among the 197 ballots cast by the borough's 281 registered voters, for
2278-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in
2345-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while
2412-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included
2479-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among
2546-408: The average family size was 3.40. In the borough the population was spread out, with 26.3% under the age of 18, 4.6% from 18 to 24, 15.6% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 32.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 49 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 68.4 males. The median income for a household in the borough
2613-553: The borough's households in either 2000 or 2010. As of the 2000 United States census there were 391 people, 74 households, and 58 families residing in the borough. The population density was 402.2 inhabitants per square mile (155.3/km). There were 80 housing units at an average density of 82.3 per square mile (31.8/km). The racial makeup of the borough was 89.77% White , 3.32% African American , 0.26% Native American , 3.84% Asian , 1.02% from other races , and 1.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.86% of
2680-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"
2747-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and
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2814-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,
2881-411: The cost of being a separate municipality to paying for the other schools. The Borough Act of 1897 amended the original Act, eliminating the self-executing incorporation feature of the earlier legislation. Henceforth, newly incorporated boroughs (or those seeking to dissolve or increase or decrease in size) required approval of the legislature. The elected mayor and six-member council were retained, with
2948-644: The council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. As of 2023, the mayor of Rockleigh is Republican James G. Pontone, whose term of office ends December 31, 2026. Members of the Rockleigh Borough Council are Ilana H. Altman (R, 2025), Rosanne Antine (R, 2024), Marilyn A. Bresnak (R, 2024), Frank S. Cumiskey (R, 2023), David C. Hansen (R, 2025) and John Ivan Mender (R, 2024). In elections held in November 2010, Robert R. Schaffer ran
3015-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census
3082-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,
3149-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then
3216-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed
3283-604: The high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship . The school is one of the two schools of the Northern Valley Regional High School District , which also serves students from the neighboring communities of Closter , Demarest , Haworth at the Northern Valley Regional High School at Demarest . During the 1994–1996 school years, Northern Valley Regional High School at Old Tappan was awarded
3350-405: The legislature. These original boroughs were subdivisions of townships, established by state charter; Elizabeth was the first, established by royal charter in 1740, within the now defunct Elizabeth Township. About half of them had been dissolved, or changed into other forms of government—often cities. In 1875, a constitutional amendment prohibited such local or special legislation. Bergen County
3417-427: The mayor now serving a two-year term. The Borough Act of 1987 was created to streamline borough law and clear away amendments, changes, and contradictory rules that had accumulated over the century of the Borough's existence as a form of government. The 1987 Act allowed for the delegation of executive responsibility to an appointed administrator. Traditionally, voters elect a mayor and six council members at-large in
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#17327799221383484-429: The municipality and 1.82 miles (2.93 km) by Bergen County. County Route 501 passes through Rockleigh. This road's northern terminus is in Rockleigh, where it continues into New York as New York State Route 340 . People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Rockleigh include: Borough (New Jersey) A borough (also spelled boro ), in the context of local government in
3551-430: The population were under the age of 18, 2.8% from 18 to 24, 8.9% from 25 to 44, 15.1% from 45 to 64, and 57.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 73.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 58.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 47.4 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income
3618-681: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of
3685-412: The population. Of the 75 households, 32.0% had children under the age of 18; 70.7% were married couples living together; 4.0% had a female householder with no husband present and 22.7% were non-families. Of all households, 13.3% were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.28. 16.2% of
3752-404: The population. There were 74 households, out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.6% were non-families. 10.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and
3819-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry
3886-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry
3953-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in
4020-458: Was $ 137,778 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 87,096) and the median family income was $ 139,861 (+/− $ 77,779). Males had a median income of $ 76,719 (+/− $ 48,274) versus $ 70,3136 (+/− $ 43,416) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 36,771 (+/− $ 23,965). About none of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including none of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed none of
4087-401: Was $ 152,262, and the median income for a family was $ 157,816. Males had a median income of $ 100,000 versus $ 66,250 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 48,935. None of the families and 23.1% of the population were living below the poverty line , including no one under eighteen and none of those over 64. Corporate residents of Rockleigh include: Rockleigh is governed under
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#17327799221384154-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent
4221-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on
4288-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting
4355-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire
4422-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from
4489-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as
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