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113-525: F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG , commonly known as Roche , is a Swiss multinational holding healthcare company that operates worldwide under two divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Its holding company , Roche Holding AG , has shares listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange . The company headquarters are located in Basel . Roche is the fifth-largest pharmaceutical company in the world by revenue and

226-637: A Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land . The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse , also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer , in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory , one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy . The Swiss began to adopt

339-522: A contract research organization (CRO), for $ 1.2   billion, and contributed it to Covance. During the COVID-19 pandemic , the company was one of the major developers and processors of COVID-19 testing . In March 2020, Labcorp received emergency use authorization from the FDA for a test for SARS-CoV-2 . In April 2020, the company developed the first COVID-19 test in which people were able to collect

452-523: A kidney stone analysis laboratory. In January 2008, Labcorp acquired Tandem Labs, a contract research organization specializing in advanced mass spectrometry , immunoanalytical support, pharmacokinetics , and pharmacodynamics . In June 2009, Labcorp acquired Monogram Biosciences , a diagnostic lab specializing in HIV resistance testing, for approximately $ 155   million including debt. In September 2010, Labcorp acquired Genzyme Genetics, formerly

565-681: A lower house (the National Council , with representatives elected from across the country). Referendums were made mandatory for any amendments. This new constitution ended the legal power of nobility in Switzerland . A single system of weights and measures was introduced, and in 1850 the Swiss franc became the Swiss single currency , complemented by the WIR franc in 1934. Article 11 of

678-676: A national personification of the Swiss confederacy in the 17th century in a 1672 play by Johann Caspar Weissenbach. The state of Switzerland took its present form with the adoption of the Swiss Federal Constitution in 1848. Switzerland's precursors established a defensive alliance in 1291, forming a loose confederation that persisted for centuries. The oldest traces of hominid existence in Switzerland date to about 150,000 years ago. The oldest known farming settlements in Switzerland, which were found at Gächlingen , date to around 5300 BC. The earliest known tribes formed

791-517: A change of policy following threats from Germany. Over 100 Allied bombers and their crews were interned. Between 1940 and 1945, Switzerland was bombed by the Allies , causing fatalities and property damage. Among the cities and towns bombed were Basel , Brusio , Chiasso , Cornol , Geneva, Koblenz , Niederweningen , Rafz , Renens , Samedan , Schaffhausen , Stein am Rhein , Tägerwilen , Thayngen , Vals , and Zurich. Allied forces maintained that

904-512: A clinical laboratory business founded in 1968. In 1974, it changed its name to National Health Laboratories Incorporated. By 1977, it operated clinical testing laboratories in 13 cities and maintained auxiliary service centers and satellite laboratories in 15 other cities. In 1978, it acquired American Biomedical Corporation, giving it operations in the Southwestern United States and data processing technology. In 1985, Revlon

1017-426: A cost of $ 250M for its PD1-regulated IL-2 receptor agonist program. In July 2023, Roche partnered with Alnylam Pharmaceuticals in a deal worth $ 2.8 billion for the development of a hypertension drug. In December 2023, Roche acquired Carmot Therapeutics, an anti-obesity drug developer, for $ 2.7 billion. In October 2023, Monte Rosa Therapeutics and Roche signed a strategic cooperation and licensing agreement for

1130-484: A division of Genzyme Corporation , with 9 testing laboratories and approximately 1,900 employees, for $ 925 million in cash. In February 2011, Labcorp acquired the assets of bankrupt Westcliff Medical Laboratory. The FTC challenged the acquisition but lost in court. In June 2011, Labcorp acquired Canadian central labs partner Clearstone from Czura Thornton, adding laboratories in China, France, Singapore and Canada, and

1243-564: A division of Roche , contributed Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. and US$ 186.7 million in cash to National Health Laboratories Holdings, in exchange for 49.9% of the combined company. Perelman received about US$ 100 million from the deal, which made the new company the largest blood-testing company in the United States. The company changed its name to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings and relocated its headquarters to Burlington, North Carolina. In July 1998, Labcorp acquired

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1356-605: A majority stake since 1990, after eight months of negotiations. As a result of the Genentech acquisition, Roche moved its Palo Alto –based research facilities to their campus that straddles the border between Clifton, New Jersey and Nutley, New Jersey while Roche's United States headquarters, located on the New Jersey site since 1929, was moved to Genentech's facility in South San Francisco . Genentech became

1469-447: A provider of oncology and genomic diagnostic testing services, for $ 598 million in cash. In February 2005, the company acquired US Pathology Labs Inc., a provider of anatomical pathology and oncology testing services, for $ 155 million. In March 2005, Labcorp acquired Esoterix, a provider of specialty reference testing, for approximately $ 150 million in cash from Behrman Capital. In November 2006, Labcorp acquired Litholink,

1582-759: A provider of reproductive donor testing as well as anatomic, molecular and digital pathology services focused on women's health . In September 2016, Labcorp acquired Sequenom for $ 371 million including debt, expanding its operations in Europe and Asia. In October 2016, Labcorp acquired ClearPath Diagnostics, a provider of laboratory diagnostic services in the Northeastern United States , from Shore Capital Partners. In May 2017, Labcorp acquired Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories from Providence Health & Services and Catholic Health Initiatives. In September 2017, Labcorp acquired Chiltern,

1695-690: A remarkable size, while hundreds of agricultural estates ( Villae rusticae ) were established in the countryside. Around 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Repeated raids by the Alamanni tribes provoked the ruin of the Roman towns and economy, forcing the population to shelter near Roman fortresses, like

1808-569: A sample at home. In July 2020, the company was processing 165,000 COVID-19 tests per day. In December 2021, the company acquired Toxikon, a contract research organization developing non-clinical testing services. In February 2022, the company acquired Personal Genome Diagnostics and its liquid biopsy and tissue-based genomic product, for $ 450 million in cash plus a possible earn-out of an additional $ 125 million. Also in February 2022, Labcorp entered into agreements with Ascension, one of

1921-536: A sign of support. In September 2020, a referendum calling for a vote to end the pact that allowed a free movement of people from the European Union was introduced by the Swiss People's Party (SVP). However, voters rejected the attempt to retake control of immigration, defeating the motion by a roughly 63%–37% margin. On 9 February 2014, 50.3% of Swiss voters approved a ballot initiative launched by

2034-405: A significant impact on the psychology and society of Switzerland. The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength. Swiss from all strata of society, whether Catholic or Protestant, from the liberal or conservative current, realised that the cantons would profit more from merging their economic and religious interests. Thus, while the rest of Europe saw revolutionary uprisings ,

2147-556: A whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time. This need soon proved itself when the rise in population and the Industrial Revolution that followed led to calls to modify the constitution accordingly. The population rejected an early draft in 1872, but modifications led to its acceptance in 1874. It introduced the facultative referendum for laws at the federal level. It also established federal responsibility for defence, trade, and legal matters. In 1891,

2260-1041: A wholly owned subsidiary group of Roche on 25 March 2009. Roche began vacating the NJ site in 2012, and sold it off in 2016. Roche acquired Medingo Ltd. in April 2010, for $ 160 million and BioImagene, Inc. in August for $ 100 million. In 2011, the company received the International Society for Pharmaceutical Engineering Facility of the Year Award for Process Innovation for Roche's "MyDose" Clinical Supply project. In March 2011, Roche acquired PVT Probenverteiltechnik GmbH for up to €85 million. In July 2010, Roche acquired mtm laboratories AG for up to 190 million EUR. On October, Roche acquired Anadys Pharmaceuticals, Inc. for $ 230 million. In December, Roche announced it would acquire Munich-based Verum Diagnostica GmbH, gaining entry to

2373-468: Is considered the confederacy's founding document, even though similar alliances likely existed decades earlier. The document was agreed among the rural communes of Uri , Schwyz , and Unterwalden . By 1353, the three original cantons had joined with the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the Lucerne , Zurich and Bern city-states to form the "Old Confederacy" of eight states that obtained through

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2486-419: Is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy , and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state . The English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer , an obsolete term for

2599-722: Is organised into five major business areas: Roche Applied Science, Roche Professional Diagnostics, Roche Diabetes Care, Roche Molecular Diagnostics and Roche Tissue Diagnostics ( Ventana ). The main location for Roche Professional Diagnostics is in Rotkreuz, Switzerland. All business areas except Roche Applied Science focus on health care applications, targeting either physicians, hospitals and clinics, or consumers. Applied Science targets research settings in academia and pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Hoffmann-La Roche develops drugs used for cancer treatment, against virus diseases and for treatment of metabolic diseases. The company

2712-659: Is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is the best known. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais , on the border with Italy. The section of the Bernese Alps above the deep glacial Lauterbrunnen valley, containing 72 waterfalls, is well known for the Jungfrau (4,158 m or 13,642 ft) Eiger and Mönch peaks, and its many picturesque valleys. In

2825-511: Is the only drug company authorized to manufacture the drug, which was discovered by Gilead Sciences . Roche purchased the rights to the drug in 1996, and in 2005, settled a royalty dispute, agreeing to pay Gilead tiered royalties of 14–22% of annual net sales without adjusting the payments for manufacturing costs, as had been allowed in the original licensing agreement. On 20 October 2005, Hoffmann-La Roche decided to license other companies to manufacture Oseltamivir . Also in 2005, Roche acquired

2938-728: Is the world's largest spender in pharmaceutical R&D . Drugs produced by Roche include: Diabetes management products under the Accu-Chek brand include blood glucose meter , test strips and insulin pumps, as well as diabetes management software. Other products include: Stanley Adams , Roche's World Product Manager in Basel, contacted the European Economic Community in 1973 with evidence that Roche had been breaking antitrust laws , engaging in price fixing and market sharing for vitamins with its competitors. Roche

3051-542: The Axis and Allied powers. Switzerland's trade was blockaded by both the Allies and the Axis. Economic cooperation and extension of credit to Nazi Germany varied according to the perceived likelihood of invasion and the availability of other trading partners. Concessions reached a peak after a crucial rail link through Vichy France was severed in 1942, leaving Switzerland (together with Liechtenstein ) entirely isolated from

3164-628: The Castrum Rauracense near Augusta Raurica. The Empire built another line of defence at the north border (the so-called Donau-Iller-Rhine-Limes). At the end of the fourth century, the increased Germanic pressure forced the Romans to abandon the linear defence concept. The Swiss Plateau was finally open to Germanic tribes . In the Early Middle Ages , from the end of the fourth century, the western extent of modern-day Switzerland

3277-558: The Congress of Vienna fully re-established Swiss independence, and the European powers recognised permanent Swiss neutrality. Swiss troops served foreign governments until 1860 when they fought in the siege of Gaeta . The treaty allowed Switzerland to increase its territory, with the admission of the cantons of Valais , Neuchâtel and Geneva . Switzerland's borders saw only minor adjustments thereafter. The restoration of power to

3390-483: The European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA). 47°33′31″N 7°36′22″E  /  47.558624°N 7.606018°E  / 47.558624; 7.606018 Founded in 1896 by Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche , the company was known early on for producing various vitamin preparations and derivatives. In 1934, it became the first company to mass-produce synthetic vitamin C , under

3503-866: The European Union (EU), the European Economic Area , or the eurozone ; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area . Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities based in Bern . Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries having the highest nominal wealth per adult , and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita . Switzerland performs highly on several international metrics , including economic competitiveness and democratic governance . Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among

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3616-680: The Federal Palace in 1902 and after 1948 used in the official seal (e.g., the ISO banking code "CHF" for the Swiss franc , the Swiss postage stamps ('HELVETIA') and the country top-level domain ".ch", are both taken from the state's Latin name). Helvetica is derived from the Helvetii , a Gaulish tribe living on the Swiss Plateau before the Roman era . Helvetia appeared as

3729-677: The First War of Villmergen , in 1656, and the Toggenburg War (or Second War of Villmergen), in 1712. In 1798, the revolutionary French government invaded Switzerland and imposed a new unified constitution. This centralised the government of the country, effectively abolishing the cantons: moreover, Mülhausen left Switzerland and the Valtellina valley became part of the Cisalpine Republic . The new regime, known as

3842-577: The Hallstatt and La Tène cultures , named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel . La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC, possibly influenced by Greek and Etruscan civilisations. One of the most prominent La Tène tribes were the Helvetii , who primarily occupied the Swiss Plateau , alongside the Rhaetians in

3955-615: The Holy Roman Empire around 1000 AD. In the 10th century, as the rule of the Carolingians waned, Magyars destroyed Basel in 917 and St. Gallen in 926. In response, Henry the Fowler , the then ruler of East Francia, decreed the fortification of key settlements to defend against these invasions. Large villages and towns, including strategic locations like Zurich and St.Gallen, were fortified. This initiative led to

4068-611: The Late Middle Ages , following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy ; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815 . It joined

4181-593: The League of Nations , which was based in Geneva , after it was exempted from military requirements. During World War II , detailed invasion plans were drawn up by the Germans, but Switzerland was never attacked. Switzerland was able to remain independent through a combination of military deterrence, concessions to Germany, and good fortune, as larger events during the war intervened. General Henri Guisan , appointed

4294-576: The Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west. The Alps are a mountain range running across the central and south of the country, constituting about 60% of the country's area. The majority of the population live on the Swiss Plateau. The Swiss Alps host many glaciers, covering 1,063 square kilometres (410 sq mi). From these originate

4407-613: The Swiss economy . During the Cold War , Swiss authorities considered the construction of a Swiss nuclear bomb . Leading nuclear physicists at the Federal Institute of Technology Zurich such as Paul Scherrer made this a realistic possibility. In 1988, the Paul Scherrer Institute was founded in his name to explore the therapeutic uses of neutron scattering technologies. Financial problems with

4520-475: The Swiss tax authorities due to transfer mispricing. In addition to internal research and development activities F. Hoffmann-La Roche is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of non-clinical safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox. The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within

4633-508: The commander-in-chief for the duration of the war ordered a general mobilisation of the armed forces. The Swiss military strategy changed from static defence at the borders to organised long-term attrition and withdrawal to strong, well-stockpiled positions high in the Alps, known as the Reduit . Switzerland was an important base for espionage by both sides and often mediated communications between

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4746-674: The Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries . The Swiss victory in the Swabian War against the Swabian League of Emperor Maximilian I in 1499 amounted to de facto independence within the Holy Roman Empire . In 1501, Basel and Schaffhausen joined the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Confederacy acquired a reputation of invincibility during these earlier wars, but expansion of

4859-658: The EU was attained that eliminated quotas on EU citizens, but still allowed favourable treatment of Swiss-based job applicants. On 27 September 2020, 62% of Swiss voters rejected the anti-free movement referendum by SVP. Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west -central Europe, Switzerland encompasses diverse landscapes and climates across its 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi). Switzerland lies between latitudes 45° and 48° N , and longitudes 5° and 11° E . It contains three basic topographical areas:

4972-589: The French in the name of the Helvetic Republic. In 1803 Napoleon organised a meeting of the leading Swiss politicians from both sides in Paris. The Act of Mediation was the result, which largely restored Swiss autonomy and introduced a Confederation of 19 cantons. Henceforth, much of Swiss politics would concern balancing the cantons' tradition of self-rule with the need for a central government. In 1815

5085-701: The Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. An invading foreign army had imposed and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state . The fierce French suppression of the Nidwalden Revolt in September 1798 was an example of the oppressive presence of the French Army and the local population's resistance to the occupation. When war broke out between France and its rivals, Russian and Austrian forces invaded Switzerland. The Swiss refused to fight alongside

5198-472: The Helvetii were forced by Caesar to return to their original lands, where they were subjected to stringent restrictions on their autonomy and movements. In 15 BC, Tiberius (later the second Roman emperor) and his brother Drusus conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire . The area occupied by the Helvetii first became part of Rome's Gallia Belgica province and then of its Germania Superior province. The eastern portion of modern Switzerland

5311-403: The Holy Roman Empire and its neutrality . During the Early Modern period of Swiss history, the growing authoritarianism of the patriciate families combined with a financial crisis in the wake of the Thirty Years' War led to the Swiss peasant war of 1653 . In the background to this struggle, the conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at

5424-685: The Michigan-based laboratory division of Universal Standard Healthcare (UHCI) and made an equity investment in the company. Labcorp also became UHCI's clinical laboratory long-term testing provider but terminated this agreement in March 1999. In June 2000, Labcorp acquired the laboratory testing business of Pathology Medical Laboratories. In May 2001, Labcorp acquired Path Lab Holdings, the largest regional laboratory in New England . In June 2001, it acquired ViroMed, specialized on clinical diagnostic testing in virology , molecular biology , serology , microbiology , mycology and mycobacteriology, as well as in tissue/eye bank testing. In 2013, it closed

5537-440: The Swiss Alps. 90% of Switzerland's 65,000-kilometre-long network of rivers and streams have been straightened, dammed, canalized or channeled underground, in an effort to prevent natural disasters such as flooding, landslides, and avalanches. 80% of all Swiss drinking water comes from groundwater sources. Forty-eight mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) or higher in height. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa

5650-407: The Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) to restrict immigration . This initiative was mostly backed by rural (57.6% approval) and suburban groups (51.2% approval), and isolated towns (51.3% approval) as well as by a strong majority (69.2% approval) in Ticino, while metropolitan centres (58.5% rejection) and the French-speaking part (58.5% rejection) rejected it. In December 2016, a political compromise with

5763-541: The Swiss company GlycArt Biotechnology in order to acquire technology to afucosylate antibodies ; one of its products in development was obinutuzumab , which gained FDA approval in November 2013 for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia . On 22 January 2008, Roche acquired Ventana Medical Systems for $ 3.4 billion. On 2 January 2009, Roche acquired Memory Pharmaceuticals Corp. On 26 March 2009, Roche acquired Genentech for $ 46.8 billion. On 12 March 2009, Roche agreed to fully acquire Genentech, in which it had held

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5876-442: The Swiss drew up a constitution that provided for a federal layout , much of it inspired by the American example . This constitution provided central authority while leaving the cantons the right to self-government on local issues. Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Council of States , two representatives per canton) and

5989-501: The US and globally. Hoffmann-La Roche paid $ 500 million in criminal fines to the United States. During the Second World War, Roche was reported to have collaborated with the Nazi regime in Germany and used prisoners-of-war or foreign forced labour in its German and Polish-based factories. In 2008 the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) suspended Roche for six months for breaching their code of conduct. In 2013, Roche had to pay back SFr  3.2   billion to

6102-420: The United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions including the WTO , the WHO , the ILO , FIFA , the WEF , and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of

6215-487: The United States. In addition to healthcare testing such as oncology testing, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genotyping and phenotyping , it provides testing for: employment, DNA testing to determine parentage and to determine immigration eligibility, environmental issues, wellness, toxicology , pain management , and medical drug monitoring. It also provides 50 tests that patients can complete at home. It processes over 160 million tests per year. Approximately 10% of

6328-494: The Viromed facility in Minnetonka, Minnesota and laid off 79 workers. In December 2001, Labcorp became the exclusive marketer for genomics and proteomics tests for breast cancer , colon cancer , melanoma , and hypertension made by Myriad Genetics . In March 2002, Roche sold its remaining interest in the company. In May 2002, Labcorp acquired Dynacare , a Canadian medical laboratory services company, for $ 480   million. In January 2003, Labcorp acquired Dianon,

6441-445: The area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the area dominated by the canton, and after the Swabian War of 1499 gradually came to be used for the entire Confederation. The Swiss German name of the country, Schwiiz , is homophonous to that of the canton and the settlement, but distinguished by the use of the definite article ( d'Schwiiz for the Confederation, but simply Schwyz for

6554-431: The best known members). It manufactures and sells several cancer drugs and is a leader in this field. In 1956, the first antidepressant, iproniazid , was accidentally created during an experiment while synthesizing isoniazid . Originally, it had been intended to create a more efficient drug at combatting tuberculosis . Iproniazid, however, was revealed to have its own benefits; some people felt it made them feel happier. It

6667-438: The bombings, which violated the 96th Article of War , resulted from navigation errors, equipment failure, weather conditions, and pilot errors. The Swiss expressed fear and concern that the bombings were intended to put pressure on Switzerland to end economic cooperation and neutrality with Nazi Germany. Court-martial proceedings took place in England. The US paid SFR 62M for reparations. Switzerland's attitude towards refugees

6780-400: The brand name Redoxon . During the Second World War, Roche collaborated with the Nazi regime in Germany and used forced labour in its German and Polish-based factories. They also moved all their Jewish employees to the United States to save them from Nazi attention. In 1957, Hoffmann-La Roche introduced the class of tranquilizers known as benzodiazepines (with Valium and Rohypnol being

6893-560: The business acquired Ireland-based Inflazome, for €380 million, gaining control of its NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors. In March 2021, Roche announced it would acquire GenMark Diagnostics for $ 1.8 billion. Under the terms of agreement, Genmark diagnostics will become a subsidiary and the principal operations will continue to remain in Carlsbad, California. In September, the company announced it would acquire German biotech group, TIB Molbiol , enhancing its molecular diagnostics operations. In September 2022, Roche acquired Good Therapeutics at

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7006-460: The canton and the town). The long [iː] of Swiss German is historically and still often today spelled ⟨y⟩ rather than ⟨ii⟩ , preserving the original identity of the two names even in writing. The Latin name Confoederatio Helvetica was neologised and introduced gradually after the formation of the federal state in 1848, harking back to the Napoleonic Helvetic Republic . It appeared on coins from 1879, inscribed on

7119-617: The central laboratory protocol management system APOLLO CLPM. In November 2011, Labcorp acquired more than 90% of the shares of DNA testing company Orchid Cellmark for $ 85 million. To receive approval of the transaction from the Federal Trade Commission , Labcorp sold parts of Orchid's DNA paternity testing business to DNA Diagnostics Center. In May 2012, Labcorp Clinical Trials sold its European biological sampling kit building operation located in Hamburg to Marken. In August 2012, Labcorp acquired testing lab Medtox Scientific for $ 241 million. In September 2013, Labcorp acquired MuirLab,

7232-436: The citizens, the membership application was withdrawn. Nonetheless, Swiss law is gradually changing to conform with that of the EU, and the government signed bilateral agreements with the European Union. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. On 5 June 2005, Swiss voters agreed by a 55% majority to join the Schengen treaty , a result that EU commentators regarded as

7345-405: The clinical laboratory outreach business of John Muir Health . In November 2014, Labcorp acquired LipoScience, a developer of diagnostic tests based on nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy measuring heart disease risk, for $ 85 million. In December 2014, Labcorp acquired Bode Technology Group, a provider of forensic DNA analysis, DNA collection products, and relationship testing and

7458-441: The company acquired ForSight VISION4. In June, the company acquired the diabetes management platform, mySugr GmbH for an undisclosed price. In November Roche acquired Viewics, Inc. In late December the company announced it would acquire Ignyta Inc, expanding its global oncology business. In February 2018, Roche announced it would acquire Flatiron Health, a business specialising in US cancer data analytics, for $ 1.9 billion. In June of

7571-427: The company acquired Kapa Biosystems, Inc. for $ 445M, focussing on next generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction applications. In October 2015, the company acquired Adheron Therapeutics for $ 105 million (plus up to $ 475 million in milestone payments). In January 2016, the company announced it would acquire Tensha Therapeutics for $ 115 million upfront, with $ 420 million in contingent payments. In January 2017,

7684-610: The company announced that Genentech would acquire Jecure Therapeutics, gaining access to Jecure's portfolio of NLRP3 inhibitors developed to fight inflammatory diseases like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. In February 2019, the business announced it would acquire gene therapy company, Spark Therapeutics , for US$ 4.3 billion ($ 114.50 per share) adding Spark's gene therapy portfolio to its previous acquired assets. Spark has an already approved treatment for Leber's congenital amaurosis , Luxturna – priced at US$ 850,000 per patient. The offer to acquire Spark Therapeutics

7797-435: The company had 22 major laboratories. On March 8, 1994, National Health Laboratories Inc. reorganized as a holding company , National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. In 1994, National Health Laboratories acquired Allied Clinical Laboratories. The acquisition price was reduced to $ 204 million after federal officials issued subpoenas in an investigation of Medicare billing practices. In April 1995, Hoffmann-La Roche ,

7910-479: The company's neuromuscular disease presence. The deal will centre on the Phase II and III spinal muscular atrophy drug olesoxime (TRO19622). In April 2015, Roche acquired CAPP Medical, and its chief development of technology for cancer screening and monitoring via the detection of circulating tumour DNA. In August, the company announced its intention to acquire GeneWEAVE, Inc. for up to $ 425 million in order to strengthen its microbial diagnostics business. Days later

8023-424: The company. In 1990, the company's revenues reached US$ 500 million, with over US$ 70 million in earnings. In 1991, National Health Laboratories moved its listing from the NASDAQ to the New York Stock Exchange . In June 1992, the company offered to acquire Damon Corporation for $ 260 million in cash and stock. However, the company was outbid by Corning Inc. , which acquired Damon for $ 370 million. By 1993,

8136-525: The confederation suffered a setback in 1515 with the Swiss defeat in the Battle of Marignano . This ended the so-called "heroic" epoch of Swiss history. The success of Zwingli 's Reformation in some cantons led to inter-cantonal religious conflicts in 1529 and 1531 ( Wars of Kappel ). It was not until more than one hundred years after these internal wars that, in 1648, under the Peace of Westphalia , European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from

8249-526: The constitution forbade sending troops to serve abroad, marking the end of foreign service. It came with the expectation of serving the Holy See , and the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with Swiss Guards present at the siege of Gaeta in 1860 . An important clause of the constitution was that it could be entirely rewritten, if necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as

8362-561: The constitution was revised with uncommonly strong elements of direct democracy , which remain unique today. Switzerland was not invaded during either of the world wars. During World War I , Switzerland was home to the revolutionary and founder of the Soviet Union Vladimir Illych Ulyanov ( Vladimir Lenin ) who remained there until 1917. Swiss neutrality was seriously questioned by the short-lived Grimm–Hoffmann affair in 1917. In 1920, Switzerland joined

8475-610: The defence budget and ethical considerations prevented the substantial funds from being allocated, and the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty of 1968 was seen as a valid alternative. Plans for building nuclear weapons were dropped by 1988. Switzerland joined the Council of Europe in 1963. Switzerland was the last Western republic (the Principality of Liechtenstein followed in 1984) to grant women

8588-541: The development of what were essentially early urban strongholds and city governments in Eastern Switzerland. By 1200, the Swiss Plateau comprised the dominions of the houses of Savoy , Zähringer , Habsburg , and Kyburg . Some regions ( Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden , later known as Waldstätten ) were accorded the Imperial immediacy to grant the empire direct control over the mountain passes. With

8701-448: The discovery and development of molecular adhesive degradators (MGD) to combat cancer and neurological diseases. The partnership includes Monte Rosa’s QuEENT discovery engine and Roche Holding expertise. Also Monte Rosa will receive $ 50m as an upfront payment and additional payments that will depend on the pre-clinical, clinical, commercial stages and sales, as well as multi-level royalty system and may exceed $ 2 billion. In March 2024, it

8814-630: The division's revenue are from Medicare . Its Biopharma Laboratory Services segment provides drug development , medical device and diagnostic development services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, medical device, and diagnostic companies. In 2023, this division provided support to 84% of the new drugs and therapeutic products approved by the Food and Drug Administration . Labcorp performs its largest volume of specialty testing at its Center for Esoteric Testing in Burlington, North Carolina. Labcorp

8927-413: The east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps and the Jura ; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich , Geneva , and Basel . Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in

9040-479: The eastern regions. Facing pressures from Germanic tribes, in 58 BC, the Helvetii, influenced by Orgetorix , a wealthy aristocrat, decided to abandon the Swiss Plateau for better opportunities in western Gallia. After Orgetorix's mysterious death, the tribe continued their migration but was decisively defeated by Julius Caesar's armies at the Battle of Bibracte , in present-day eastern France. Following their defeat,

9153-632: The end of the 15th century. The expansion led to increased power and wealth for the confederation. By 1460, the confederates controlled most of the territory south and west of the Rhine to the Alps and the Jura mountains , and the University of Basel was founded (with a faculty of medicine) establishing a tradition of chemical and medical research. This increased after victories against the Habsburgs ( Battle of Sempach , Battle of Näfels ), over Charles

9266-734: The era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) was initiated by the United States FDA's approval of Hoffman LaRoche's HIV protease inhibitor, saquinavir. Within 2 years of its approval (and that of ritonavir 4 months later) annual deaths from AIDS in the United States fell from over 50,000 to approximately 18,000. On 28 April 1995, Hoffmann-La Roche sold Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. to National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. (which then changed its name to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings ). Roche acquired Syntex in 1994, and Chugai Pharmaceuticals in 2002. Oseltamivir an antiviral drug used to combat influenza. Roche

9379-640: The extinction of its male line in 1263, the Kyburg dynasty fell in AD 1264. The Habsburgs under King Rudolph I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them, extending their territory to the eastern Swiss Plateau. The Old Swiss Confederacy was an alliance among the valley communities of the central Alps. The Confederacy was governed by nobles and patricians of various cantons who facilitated management of common interests and ensured peace on mountain trade routes. The Federal Charter of 1291

9492-574: The fastest-growing field in the coagulation diagnostics market. On 26 June 2012, Roche announced the closure of the Nutley/Clifton campus, which was completed in 2013. The property is in the process of remediation. In July 2013, Roche Diagnostics acquired blood diagnostics company Constitution Medical Inc. for $ 220 million. Later, in September, Genentech announced it would acquire Arrayit Corporation. On 7 April 2014, Roche announced its intention to acquire IQuum for up to $ 450 million, as well as

9605-399: The final share closing price, as well as Santaris Pharma A/S for $ 450 million. In December 2014, the company acquired next-generation sequencing processing company Bina Technologies for an undisclosed sum and Dutalys GmbH a developer of next-generation anti-bodies. On 16 January 2015, the company announced that they would acquire Trophos for €470 million ($ 543 million) in order to increase

9718-410: The founding Hoffmann and Oeri families own slightly over half of the bearer shares with voting rights (a pool of family shareholders 45%, and Maja Oeri a further 5% apart), with Swiss pharma firm Novartis owning a further third of its shares until 2021. Roche is one of the few companies increasing their dividend every year, for 2020 as the 34th consecutive year. F. Hoffmann-La Roche is a full member of

9831-679: The framework of the Innovative Medicines Initiative of EFPIA and the European Commission . Switzerland in Europe  (green and dark grey) Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe . It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to

9944-661: The headwaters of several major rivers, such as the Rhine , Inn , Ticino and Rhône , which flow in the four cardinal directions, spreading across Europe. The hydrographic network includes several of the largest bodies of fresh water in Central and Western Europe, among which are Lake Geneva (Lac Léman in French), Lake Constance (Bodensee in German) and Lake Maggiore . Switzerland has more than 1500 lakes and contains 6% of Europe's freshwater stock. Lakes and glaciers cover about 6% of

10057-413: The highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living . Switzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking and chocolate production. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh . Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity

10170-468: The largest DNA forensic testing company in the U.S., from SolutionPoint International. In February 2015, Labcorp acquired Covance for $ 6.1   billion. In October 2015, Labcorp acquired Safe Foods International Holdings and its two operating companies, International Food Network and The National Food Laboratory, expanding its capabilities in food and beverage product-development and product-integrity. In March 2016, Labcorp acquired Pathology Inc.,

10283-612: The last widely recognised state without full UN membership. Switzerland is a founding member of the EFTA but not the European Economic Area (EEA). An application for membership in the European Union was sent in May 1992, but did not advance since rejecting the EEA in December 1992 when Switzerland conducted a referendum on the EEA. Several referendums on the EU issue ensued; due to opposition from

10396-705: The leading provider of cancer treatments globally. In 2023, the company’s seat in Forbes Global 2000 was 76. The company owns the American biotechnology company Genentech , which is a wholly owned independent subsidiary, and the Japanese biotechnology company Chugai Pharmaceuticals , as well as the United States–based companies Ventana and Foundation Medicine . Roche's revenues during fiscal year 2020, were 58.32 billion Swiss francs . Descendants of

10509-408: The merged company as Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. in Burlington. By the early 1990s, Roche Biomedical became one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States, with 20 major laboratories and US$ 600 million in sales. Roche has also produced various HIV tests and antiretroviral drugs . It bought the patents for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in 1992. In 1995,

10622-570: The name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for "Confederates", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath ), used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland , CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica ( Helvetic Confederation ). The toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes , perhaps related to swedan 'to burn' (cf. Old Norse svíða 'to singe, burn'), referring to

10735-762: The national territory. Lake Geneva is the largest lake and is shared with France. The Rhône is both the main source and outflow of Lake Geneva. Lake Constance is the second largest and, like Lake Geneva, an intermediate step by the Rhine at the border with Austria and Germany. While the Rhône flows into the Mediterranean Sea at the French Camargue region and the Rhine flows into the North Sea at Rotterdam , about 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) apart, both springs are only about 22 kilometres (14 miles) apart in

10848-582: The patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes, such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg ) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund ). The war lasted less than a month, causing fewer than 100 casualties, most of which were through friendly fire . The Sonderbundskrieg had

10961-414: The right to vote . Some Swiss cantons approved this in 1959, while at the federal level, it was achieved in 1971 and, after resistance, in the last canton Appenzell Innerrhoden (one of only two remaining Landsgemeinde , along with Glarus ) in 1990. After obtaining suffrage at the federal level, women quickly rose in political significance. The first woman on the seven-member Federal Council executive

11074-407: The rights to an experimental drug (ORY-1001) from Spanish company Oryzon Genomics for $ 21 million and up to $ 500 million in milestone payments. On 2 June, Roche announced its intention to acquire Genia Technologies Inc. for up to $ 350 million. In August 2014, the company agreed to purchase Californian-based pharmaceutical firm InterMune for $ 8.3 billion, at $ 74 a share this represents a 38% premium over

11187-496: The same year the company announced it would acquire the outstanding shares of Foundation Medicine for $ 2.4 billion ($ 137 per share). Later in September Roche announced its intention to acquire Tusk Therapeutics for up to €655 million ($ 759 million) expanding Roche's oncology pipeline. Tusk announced that the anti-CD38 antibody it is developing will be spun off to form a new company, Black Belt Therapeutics. In late November,

11300-778: The sixth century, following Clovis I 's victory over the Alemanni at Tolbiac in 504 AD, and later Frankish domination of the Burgundians. Throughout the rest of the sixth, seventh and eighth centuries, Swiss regions continued under Frankish hegemony ( Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties) but after its extension under Charlemagne , the Frankish Empire was divided by the Treaty of Verdun in 843. The territories of present-day Switzerland became divided into Middle Francia and East Francia until they were reunified under

11413-818: The southeast the long Engadin Valley, encompassing St. Moritz , is also well known; the highest peak in the neighbouring Bernina Alps is Piz Bernina (4,049 m or 13,284 ft). The Swiss Plateau has greater open and hilly landscapes, partly forested, partly open pastures, usually with grazing herds or vegetable and fruit fields, but it is still hilly. Large lakes and the biggest Swiss cities are found there. Switzerland contains two small enclaves : Büsingen belongs to Germany, while Campione d'Italia belongs to Italy. Switzerland has no exclaves. Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings Its Diagnostics Laboratories segment operates 2,000 patient service centers (PSCs) with more than 6,000 in-office phlebotomists in

11526-628: The treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , for $ 390 million upfront and another $ 1 billion in milestone payments. In March 2020, the Roche Diagnostics division reached a significant milestone with the FDA-approval of its high-volume Sars-CoV-2 diagnostic test , capable of analysing 1,400-8,800 samples within 24h on the proprietary Cobas 6800/8800 molecular testing system. In May the company announced it had acquired US-based Stratos Genomics for an undisclosed amount. In September,

11639-695: The wider world by Axis-controlled territory. Over the course of the war, Switzerland interned over 300,000 refugees aided by the International Red Cross , based in Geneva. Strict immigration and asylum policies and the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, only at the end of the 20th century. During the war, the Swiss Air Force engaged aircraft of both sides, shooting down 11 intruding Luftwaffe planes in May and June 1940, then forcing down other intruders after

11752-560: Was Elisabeth Kopp , who served from 1984 to 1989, and the first female president was Ruth Dreifuss in 1999. In 1979 areas from the canton of Bern attained independence from the Bernese, forming the new canton of Jura . On 18 April 1999, the Swiss population and the cantons voted in favour of a completely revised federal constitution . In 2002 Switzerland became a full member of the United Nations, leaving Vatican City as

11865-581: Was acquired by Ronald Perelman . Revlon divested its other businesses and a major stake in the company was acquired by MacAndrews & Forbes . In 1988, National Health Laboratories became a public company via an initial public offering on the NASDAQ exchange. In 1989, the company generated revenue of about US$ 400 million, with about US$ 70 million in earnings. In the early 1990s, worries about malpractice lawsuits led doctors to conduct more clinical testing before diagnosing, which increased business for

11978-626: Was an early pioneer of genomic testing using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology at its Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina , where it also performs other molecular diagnostics. Labcorp operates the National Genetics Institute, Inc. (NGI), in Los Angeles, California , which develops PCR testing methods. In 1971, Revlon acquired DCL BioMedical,

12091-732: Was announced Roche had sold Genentech's site in Vacaville, California to the Swiss pharmaceutical company, Lonza for $ 1.2 billion. In November 2024, Roche acquired Poseida Therapeutics for US $ 1.0 billion. The Hoffmann-La Roche family is Switzerland's richest and one of the most secretive families. Many members of the family don't carry the last name Hoffmann anymore. Some are known as Oeri , Michalski , Faber-Castell , Fabre, Zivtins, Schmid or Duschmalé . Roche has two major divisions: Pharmaceuticals and Diagnostics. Roche Diagnostics manufactures diagnostic equipment and reagents for research and medical diagnostic applications. Internally, it

12204-575: Was complicated and controversial; over the course of the war, it admitted as many as 300,000 refugees while refusing tens of thousands more, including Jews persecuted by the Nazis. After the war, the Swiss government exported credits through the charitable fund known as the Schweizerspende and donated to the Marshall Plan to help Europe's recovery, efforts that ultimately benefited

12317-451: Was extended to May 2019 after Roche was unable to garner majority support from Spark shareholders. A second gene therapy-related action came in December with the US$ 1.15 billion acquisition of non-United States rights to an investigational duchenne muscular dystrophy gene therapy developed by Sarepta Therapeutics . In November, Roche acquired Promedior and its lead treatment – PRM-151 – for

12430-488: Was fined accordingly, but a bungle on the part of the EEC allowed the company to discover that it was Adams who had blown the whistle. He was arrested for unauthorised disclosure — an offence under Swiss law — and imprisoned. His wife, having learnt that he might face decades in jail, committed suicide. In 1999 the firm pleaded guilty to participation in a worldwide conspiracy to raise and fix prices for vitamins sold in

12543-513: Was integrated into the Roman province of Raetia . Sometime around the start of the Common Era , the Romans maintained a large camp called Vindonissa , now a ruin at the confluence of the Aare and Reuss rivers, near the town of Windisch . The first and second century AD was an age of prosperity on the Swiss Plateau. Towns such as Aventicum , Iulia Equestris and Augusta Raurica reached

12656-454: Was part of the territory of the Kings of the Burgundians , who introduced the French language to the area. The Alemanni settled the Swiss Plateau in the fifth century and the valleys of the Alps in the eighth century, forming Alemannia . Modern-day Switzerland was then divided between the kingdoms of Alemannia and Burgundy . The entire region became part of the expanding Frankish Empire in

12769-613: Was withdrawn from the market in the early 1960s due to toxic side-effects. In 1976, an accident at a chemical factory in Seveso , Italy, owned by a subsidiary of Roche, caused a large dioxin contamination. In 1982, the United States arm of the company acquired Biomedical Reference Laboratories for US$ 163.5 million. That company dated from the late 1960s, and was located in Burlington, North Carolina . That year Hoffmann-La Roche then merged it with all of its laboratories, and incorporated

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