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Rochelle Park

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66-553: Rochelle Park may refer to: Rochelle Park, New Jersey , a town in New Jersey Rochelle Park (New Rochelle) , a historic neighborhood in the city of New Rochelle, Westchester County, New York Rochelle Park–Rochelle Heights Historic District , a National Register of Historic Places designated historic district in New Rochelle, New York Topics referred to by

132-627: A student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1. Students in public school for ninth through twelfth grades attend Hackensack High School in Hackensack , as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Hackensack Public Schools , together with students from South Hackensack and, prior to the start of the 2020 school year, Maywood as well. As of the 2021–22 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,852 students and 130.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

198-563: A student–teacher ratio of 14.2:1. Rochelle Park is about 2.6 miles (4.2 km) from Hackensack High School which is about an eight-minute drive on average. Public school students from the township, and all of Bergen County, are eligible to attend the secondary education programs offered by the Bergen County Technical Schools , which include the Bergen County Academies in Hackensack , and

264-447: A biking/jogging path, pavilion, tennis courts, basketball court, playground and softball field. The Rochelle Park area of the park can be accessed at Rail Road Avenue, Lotz Lane, and Howard Avenue. The Rochelle Park Swim Club is a private club for members and their guests. The club is located on Lotz Lane. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Rochelle Park include: White (U.S. census) In

330-507: A combined question and a MENA category, while also collecting additional detail to enable data disaggregation. The OMB states, "many federal programs are put into effect based on the race data obtained from the decennial census (i.e., promoting equal employment opportunities; assessing racial disparities in health and environmental risks). Race data is also critical for the basic research behind many policy decisions. States require this data to meet legislative redistricting requirements. The data

396-533: A person's origins considered in the census. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino." However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of US Commission on Civil Rights . In 1997,

462-524: A race. Enumerators were instructed that all people born in Mexico, or whose parents were born in Mexico, should be listed as Mexicans, and not under any other racial category. In prior censuses and in 1940, enumerators were instructed to list Mexican Americans as white, perhaps because some of them were of white background (mainly Spanish), many others mixed white and Native American and some of them Native American. The supplemental American Indian questionnaire

528-616: A social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and, "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country". The OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the census to be not "scientific or anthropological", and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with

594-992: A staggered basis, with either two or three seats coming up for election each November; a Chairman and Vice Chairman are selected from among its seven members at a reorganization meeting held every January. As of 2024 , the county executive is James J. Tedesco III ( D , Paramus ), whose four-year term of office ends December 31, 2026. Bergen County's Commissioners are: Thomas J. Sullivan Jr. (D, Montvale , 2025), Chair Germaine M. Ortiz (D, Emerson , 2025), Joan Voss (D, Fort Lee , 2026), Vice Chair Mary J. Amoroso (D, Mahwah , 2025), Rafael Marte (D, Bergenfield , 2026), Steven A. Tanelli (D, North Arlington , 2024) and Tracy Silna Zur (D, Franklin Lakes , 2024). Bergen County's constitutional officials are: Clerk John S. Hogan (D, Northvale , 2026), Sheriff Anthony Cureton (D, Englewood , 2024) and Surrogate Michael R. Dressler (D, Cresskill , 2026). As of March 2011, there were

660-632: A total of 3,376 registered voters in Rochelle Park Township, of which 895 (26.5% vs. 31.7% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 693 (20.5% vs. 21.1%) were registered as Republicans and 1,784 (52.8% vs. 47.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 4 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens . Among the township's 2010 Census population, 61.0% (vs. 57.1% in Bergen County) were registered to vote, including 74.6% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 73.7% countywide). In

726-418: A turnout of 75.7% (vs. 76.8% in Bergen County). In the 2004 presidential election , Republican George W. Bush received 1,405 votes (52.6% vs. 47.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 1,226 votes (45.9% vs. 51.7%) and other candidates with 27 votes (1.0% vs. 0.7%), among the 2,669 ballots cast by the township's 3,647 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.2% (vs. 76.9% in the whole county). In

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792-496: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rochelle Park, New Jersey Rochelle Park is a township in Bergen County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 5,814, an increase of 284 (+5.1%) from the 2010 census count of 5,530, which in turn reflected an increase of two people (+0.0%) from

858-534: Is from the Indian subcontinent ) were counted as White. There was a questionnaire that was asked of only a sample of respondents. These questions were as follows: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person's origin or descent? Mexican Puerto Rican Cuban Central American Other Spanish No, none of these This year added several options to the race question, including Vietnamese, Indian (East), Guamanian, Samoan, and re-added Aleut. Again,

924-607: Is needed to monitor compliance with the Voting Rights Act by local jurisdictions". Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act and monitoring/enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act ). Data on ethnic groups is also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of

990-623: The 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 63.7% of the vote (1,027 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 35.1% (566 votes), and other candidates with 1.2% (20 votes), among the 1,675 ballots cast by the township's 3,460 registered voters (62 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 48.4%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 904 votes (52.8% vs. 45.8% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 704 votes (41.1% vs. 48.0%), Independent Chris Daggett with 73 votes (4.3% vs. 4.7%) and other candidates with 14 votes (0.8% vs. 0.5%), among

1056-598: The 2016 presidential election , Republican Donald Trump received 1,426 votes (50.8% vs. 41.1% countywide), ahead of Democrat Hillary Clinton with 1,291 votes (46.0% vs. 54.2%) and other candidates with 91 votes (3.2% vs. 4.6%), among the 2,852 ballots cast by the township's 3,842 registered voters, for a turnout of 74.2% (vs. 72.5% in Bergen County). In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 1,289 votes (50.0% vs. 54.8% countywide), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1,238 votes (48.1% vs. 43.5%) and other candidates with 27 votes (1.0% vs. 0.9%), among

1122-682: The 38th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Joseph Lagana ( D , Paramus ) and in the General Assembly by Lisa Swain (D, Fair Lawn ) and Chris Tully (D, Bergenfield ). Bergen County is governed by a directly elected County Executive , with legislative functions performed by a Board of County Commissioners composed of seven members who are elected at-large to three-year terms in partisan elections on

1188-590: The Bergen Tech campus in Teterboro or Paramus . The district offers programs on a shared-time or full-time basis, with admission based on a selective application process and tuition covered by the student's home school district. As of May 2010 , the township had a total of 18.16 miles (29.23 km) of roadways, of which 13.34 miles (21.47 km) were maintained by the municipality, 3.14 miles (5.05 km) by Bergen County, 1.05 miles (1.69 km) by

1254-634: The New Jersey Department of Transportation and 0.63 miles (1.01 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority . Route 17 and the Garden State Parkway travel through Rochelle Park. The Garden State Parkway crosses the northwest corner of the township, extending from Saddle Brook Township in the south for 0.6 miles (0.97 km) to Paramus . Route 17 extends for 1.0 mile (1.6 km) along

1320-859: The Secretary of State , directed US Marshals to collect data from all 13 original states, and from the Southwest Territory . The census was not conducted in Vermont until 1791, after that state's admission to the Union as the 14th state on March 4 of that year. Some doubt surrounded the numbers, as President George Washington and Thomas Jefferson maintained the population was undercounted. The potential reasons Washington and Jefferson may have thought this could be refusal to participate, poor public transportation and roads, spread-out population, and restraints of current technology. No microdata from

1386-476: The US Constitution and applicable laws. The law required that every household be visited, that completed census schedules be posted in two of the most public places within each jurisdiction, remain for the inspection of all concerned, and that "the aggregate amount of each description of persons" for every district be transmitted to the president . The US Marshals were also responsible for governing

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1452-575: The United States Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 1.02 square miles (2.65 km ), including 0.99 square miles (2.57 km ) of land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km ) of water (3.04%). The township borders the Bergen County municipalities of Fair Lawn , Lodi , Maywood , Paramus and Saddle Brook . The 2010 United States census counted 5,530 people, 2,087 households, and 1,455 families in

1518-603: The United States census , the US Census Bureau and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) define a set of self-identified categories of race and ethnicity chosen by residents, with which they most closely identify. Residents can indicate their origins alongside their race, and are asked specifically whether they are of Hispanic or Latino origin in a separate question. The racial categories represent

1584-417: The "Color or Race" question was slightly modified, removing the term "Mulatto". Also, there was an inclusion of an "Indian Population Schedule" in which "enumerators were instructed to use a special expanded questionnaire for American Indians living on reservations or in family groups off of reservations." This expanded version included the question "Fraction of person's lineage that is white." The 1910 census

1650-431: The 1,713 ballots cast by the township's 3,476 registered voters, yielding a 49.3% turnout (vs. 50.0% in the county). The Rochelle Park School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Midland School, which opened in 1926. As of the 2021–22 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 528 students and 48.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

1716-553: The 12 counted in 2000. As of the 2000 United States census there were 5,528 people, 2,061 households, and 1,393 families residing in the township. The population density was 5,287.7 inhabitants per square mile (2,041.6/km ). There were 2,111 housing units at an average density of 2,019.2 per square mile (779.6/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 90.09% White , 0.45% African American , 0.04% Native American , 6.02% Asian , 2.03% from other races , and 1.37% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.57% of

1782-532: The 1790 population census are available, but aggregate data for small areas and their compatible cartographic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . However, the categories of "Free white males" of 16 years and upward, including heads of families under 16 years, "Free white females", including heads of families, All other free persons, and "Slaves," existed in

1848-427: The 2,576 ballots cast by the township's 3,518 registered voters, for a turnout of 73.2% (vs. 70.4% in Bergen County). In the 2008 presidential election , Republican John McCain received 1,398 votes (50.8% vs. 44.5% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 1,304 votes (47.4% vs. 53.9%) and other candidates with 20 votes (0.7% vs. 0.8%), among the 2,752 ballots cast by the township's 3,637 registered voters, for

1914-414: The 2000 and 2010 censuses. The following questions were asked of a sample of respondents for the 1990 census : The 1990 census was not designed to capture multiple racial responses, and when individuals marked the "other" race option and provided a multiple write-in. The response was assigned according to the race written first. "For example, a write-in of 'black-white' was assigned a code of 'black,' while

1980-403: The 5,528 counted in the 2000 census . What is now Rochelle Park was originally incorporated as Midland Township on March 7, 1871, from portions of New Barbadoes Township . Portions of the township were taken to form the boroughs of Delford (on March 8, 1894; now Oradell ), Maywood (June 30, 1894), Riverside (also June 30, 1894; now River Edge ) and Paramus (March 2, 1922). Rochelle Park

2046-467: The OMB built on the 1997 guidelines and suggested the addition of a Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) racial category and considered combining racial and ethnic categories into one question. In March 2024, the Office of Management and Budget published revisions to Statistical Policy Directive No. 15: Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity that included

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2112-405: The OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. The OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the federal government ". The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws. Among

2178-605: The acquisition and restoration of the 150-year-old building. The State Historic Preservation Office issued an opinion in 2002 indicating that the structure would be eligible for inclusion on the New Jersey register and the National Register of Historic Places ; a Certification of Eligibility for the property was issued in 2015 that represents the next step towards inclusion on the state and national registers. The Rochelle Park Area of Saddle River County Park offers

2244-401: The average family size was 3.12. In the township the population was spread out, with 18.7% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 23.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.2 males. The median income for a household in

2310-418: The census form. In 1800 and 1810, the age question regarding free white males was more detailed with five cohorts and included All other free persons, except "Indians not taxed", and "Slaves". The 1820 census built on the questions asked in 1810 by asking age questions about slaves. Also the term "colored" entered the census nomenclature. In addition, a question stating "Number of foreigners not naturalized"

2376-418: The census. About one-third of the original census data has been lost or destroyed since documentation. The data was lost in 1790–1830, and included data from Connecticut , Delaware , Georgia , Maine , Maryland , Massachusetts , New Hampshire , New Jersey , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , South Carolina , Vermont , and Virginia . However, the census was proven factual and

2442-483: The changes, The OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of mixed-race children and wanting to record diversity in a measurable way after having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge theirs and their children's full ancestry, rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the census and other government data collections asked people to report singular races. As of 2023,

2508-657: The decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. The 1940 census

2574-536: The design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished among different Asian ethnic groups, such as Japanese and Chinese , due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White", "Black", "Mulatto", " Quadroon ", "Octoroon", "Chinese", "Japanese", or " Indian ". During 1900,

2640-456: The existence of most of this data can be confirmed in many secondary sources pertaining to the first census. Census data included the name of the head of the family and categorized inhabitants as: free white males at least 16 years of age (to assess the country's industrial and military potential), free white males under 16 years of age, free white females, all other free persons (reported by sex and color), and slaves . Thomas Jefferson , then

2706-487: The free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person were white, marked "B" if a person were black, and marked "M" if a person were mulatto . Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave were black and an "M" if mulatto. For 1890, the Census Office changed

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2772-556: The members of the Rochelle Park Township Committee are Acting Mayor Jen Appice ( R , term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2023), Perrin Mosca (R, 2023), Gail Artola (R, 2025), Vincent Bessetti (R, 2024) and Linda Boniface ( D , 2023). In June 2023, Perrin Mosca was removed from office as mayor in a controversy based on his opposition to the township's raising of the rainbow flag ; Jen Appice

2838-432: The population were under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 26.5% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.2 years. For every 100 females, the population had 92.8 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 86.6 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

2904-681: The population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Service Act ; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act ). The 1790 United States census was the first census in the history of the United States. The population of the United States was recorded as 3,929,214 as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of

2970-410: The population. There were 2,061 households, out of which 26.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.7% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.4% were non-families. 27.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and

3036-419: The population. Of the 2,087 households, 26.3% had children under the age of 18; 55.5% were married couples living together; 10.3% had a female householder with no husband present and 30.3% were non-families. Of all households, 26.1% were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.09. 18.2% of

3102-451: The race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro", no matter the fraction of that lineage (the " one-drop rule "). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless they were considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both white and American Indian ancestry

3168-511: The racial question, and also removed Hindu and Korean from the race choices. The 1960 census re-added the word "color" to the racial question, and changed "Indian" to "American Indian", as well as adding Hawaiian, Part-Hawaiian, Aleut, and Eskimo. The "Other (print out race)" option was removed. This year's census included "Negro or Black", re-added Korean and the Other race option. East Indians (the term used at that time for people whose ancestry

3234-422: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rochelle Park . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rochelle_Park&oldid=891992301 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

3300-591: The specialty retailer United Retail Group , which is a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange . Garden State Plaza is located in Paramus, near the border of Rochelle Park. Rochelle Park is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of the 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in

3366-597: The state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor. As of 2023 ,

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3432-427: The term "color" was removed from the racial question, and the following questions were asked of a sample of respondents: Questions on Spanish or Hispanic Origin or Descent Is this person of Spanish/Hispanic origin or descent? No, not Spanish/Hispanic Yes, Mexican, Mexican American, Chicano Yes, Puerto Rican Yes, Cuban Yes, other Spanish/Hispanic The racial categories in this year are as they appear in

3498-464: The township was $ 60,818, and the median income for a family was $ 74,016. Males had a median income of $ 43,580 versus $ 36,827 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 25,054. About 0.4% of families and 2.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 2.2% of those under age 18 and 6.0% of those age 65 or over. Companies with headquarters in Rochelle Park include

3564-869: The township's eastern border from Maywood to Paramus. NJ Transit provides bus service to and from the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan on the 144 , 162 , 163 and 164 routes, to the George Washington Bridge Bus Station on the 175 route, and local service on the 709 , 712 , 758 , and 770 routes. The Cornelius Demarest House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, having been constructed between 1824 by 1826 by Samuel C. Demarest for his son. The Captain William Tyson House, which

3630-468: The township. The population density was 5,313.8 per square mile (2,051.7/km ). There were 2,170 housing units at an average density of 2,085.2 per square mile (805.1/km ). The racial makeup was 82.22% (4,547) White , 2.89% (160) Black or African American , 0.25% (14) Native American , 8.72% (482) Asian , 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander , 3.89% (215) from other races , and 2.03% (112) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16.35% (904) of

3696-486: Was $ 66,341 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 10,539) and the median family income was $ 81,113 (+/− $ 4,718). Males had a median income of $ 50,275 (+/− $ 2,954) versus $ 53,634 (+/− $ 11,176) for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 30,633 (+/− $ 2,836). About 2.8% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.3% of those under age 18 and 5.0% of those age 65 or over. Same-sex couples headed 14 households in 2010, an increase from

3762-443: Was back, but in abbreviated form. It featured a question asking if the person was of full or mixed American Indian ancestry. President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a Good Neighbor policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935, a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent

3828-412: Was chosen to serve as mayor on an acting basis. Rochelle Park is located in the 9th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 38th state legislative district. Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 census , Rochelle Park had been in the 37th state legislative district . In redistricting following the 2010 census, the township was in the 5th congressional district , which

3894-422: Was constructed by a wealthy 19th century ship owner from New York City, is a historic home constructed in the mid-1860s and stands as one of the few remaining uses of the late-19th century Italianate architectural style in Bergen County. One of Rochelle Park's oldest remaining structures, it was acquired by the township in 2015 for $ 600,000. Groups of residents have opposed the municipal expenditure of funds towards

3960-405: Was formed as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 5, 1929, replacing Midland Township, based on the results of a referendum held on that same day that passed by a 503–69 margin. The main impetus behind the change in name was to avoid confusion with the nearby community of Midland Park . The township was named for the port city of La Rochelle , France . According to

4026-532: Was in effect from 2013 to 2022. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 9th congressional district was represented by Bill Pascrell ( D , Paterson ) until his death in August 2024. New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024-2025 session ,

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4092-423: Was included. In the 1830 census, a new question, which stated, "The number of White persons who were foreigners not naturalized" was included. The 1850 census had a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. Two questionnaires were used - one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on

4158-421: Was similar to 1910, but excluded a separate schedule for American Indians. "Hin", "Kor", and "Fil" were also added to the "Color or Race" question, signifying Hindu (Asian Indian), Korean, and Filipino, respectively. The biggest change in this census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting

4224-538: Was similar to that of 1900, but it included a reinsertion of "Mulatto" and a question about the "mother tongue" of foreign-born individuals and individuals with foreign-born parents. "Ot" was also added to signify "other races", with space for a race to be written in. This decade's version of the Indian Population Schedule featured questions asking the individual's proportion of white, black, or American Indian lineage. The 1920 census questionnaire

4290-415: Was the first to include separate population and housing questionnaires. The race category of "Mexican" was eliminated in 1940, and the population of Mexican descent was counted with the white population. 1940 census data was used for Japanese American internment . The Census Bureau's role was denied for decades, but was finally proven in 2007. The 1950 census questionnaire removed the word "color" from

4356-410: Was to be recorded as American Indian, unless their Indigenous ancestry was small, and they were accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had white and some other racial ancestry, they were to be reported as that other race. People who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. For the first and only time, "Mexican" was listed as

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