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72-514: The Rollover Pass area is a popular location for fishing, bird watching, and family recreation activities. Parking and camping was available on all four quadrants along the Pass, and handicapped or elderly persons were able to fish while sitting in their vehicles. Since 2013 it has been the subject of lawsuits over access and ownership. Rollover Pass is part of a low-elevation area and was subject to overflow during high tides or storms. A man-made strait

144-628: A filling station. Within the weeks following Imelda, aid from FEMA was not received. This left some residents uncertain if any would come. Flooding from Imelda in southwestern Louisiana was relatively minor. Freshwater flooding in Johnson Bayou inundated most secondary roads and was augmented by the elevated tide levels caused by the tropical storm. The remnants of Imelda produced up to 7.6 in (190 mm) of rain in southeastern Oklahoma between September 6–7. Heavy rainfall also occurred in portions of Arkansas . In addition to

216-450: A household in the CDP was $ 34,235, and the median income for a family was $ 42,448. Males had a median income of $ 36,477 versus $ 24,519 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $ 26,137. About 8.3% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.4% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. Bolivar Peninsula residents are divided between

288-549: A minimum central pressure of 1,003 millibars (29.6 inHg). Imelda weakened after landfall, becoming a tropical depression at 03:00 UTC on the next day. At that time, the NHC passed on the responsibility for issuing advisories to the Weather Prediction Center (WPC). Imelda retained status as a tropical depression over land for the next 2 days, gradually weakening and slowing its motion, before degenerating into

360-415: A trough on September 19, as it began passing over Louisiana ; Imelda's remnants continued producing heavy rain and a few isolated tornadoes . Imelda's remnants persisted for another couple of days, before dissipating early on September 21. Imelda's slow movement over Southeast Texas and a continuous influx of tropical moisture led to copious amounts of rainfall over the region. This moisture supported

432-486: A very few remaining more or less intact. Peak coastal surges reached 21-foot (6.4 m). Water depths of at least 5-foot (1.5 m) covered all of the Bolivar Peninsula, with most areas covered by at least 15-foot (4.6 m) of water (not including wave action). Much of the southern part of Chambers County was also inundated by at least 12-foot (3.7 m) of water. According to post-storm analyses by both

504-446: A weak tropical storm. The system brought heavy rain and dangerous flooding to parts of southeastern Texas (especially the cities of Galveston and Beaumont ) as its motion gradually slowed over land. Dozens of water rescues were needed by September 19 as areas became overwhelmed by the rainfall, with some areas experiencing over 43 inches (1,100 mm) of rain. Total damage is estimated in excess of $ 5 billion (2019 USD ). Despite

576-615: The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season , Imelda formed out of an upper-level low that developed in the Gulf of Mexico and moved westward. Little development occurred until the system was near the Texas coastline, where it rapidly developed into a tropical storm before moving ashore shortly afterward on September 17. Imelda weakened after landfall , but continued bringing large amounts of flooding rain to Texas and Louisiana , before dissipating on September 21. Impacts began when Imelda made landfall as

648-410: The 2020 United States census , there were 2,769 people, 1,286 households, and 815 families residing in the CDP. As of the census of 2000, there were 3,853 people, 1,801 households, and 1,138 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 85.3 inhabitants per square mile (32.9/km ). There were 5,425 housing units at an average density of 120.0 per square mile (46.3/km ). The racial makeup of

720-587: The Bolivar Peninsula . As of 2014, homes and businesses have been rebuilt in the area, new residents are settling in, and visitors once again are able to travel through that section of Highway 87. The Rollover Pass bridge has two lanes open instead of the original three. But Texas Historical Marker Number 7166 has yet to be replaced at the Pass. FEMA paid for the Marker to be replaced and the County stopped

792-790: The Galveston Independent School District and the High Island Independent School District . The western portion of the Bolivar Peninsula, including the unincorporated communities of Port Bolivar and Crystal Beach , are within the Galveston Independent School District. That portion is served by the Pre-K-8 Crenshaw Elementary and Middle School, located on the peninsula, and Ball High School (9-12), located on

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864-698: The Texas National Guard rescued 130 people. During the flood, nine barges escaped a shipyard, and at least two struck the Interstate ;10 bridge over the San Jacinto River , causing visible damage to some of the columns supporting the highway. The bridge was subsequently closed to traffic in both directions. Significant flooding occurred in Splendora , inundating parts of FM 2090 and U.S. 59 , as well as gas pumps at

936-471: The seventh-wettest tropical cyclone in U.S. history , fifth-wettest in the contiguous U.S., and fourth-wettest in Texas history. The same station recorded 31 in (790 mm) of rain in 12 hours. Rain fell at over 5 in (130 mm) per hour in several places. Flood depths in some locations exceeded those recorded in Hurricane Harvey due to the high rainfall rates. Where rainfall

1008-453: The storm , which acted to increase both surge and waves . Surge is extremely important for the particular case of the Bolivar Peninsula, as it allowed large waves to penetrate inland into areas they could not otherwise have reached. Shoreline erosion was around 75 m, which undermined the piled foundations of oceanfront buildings. Most other houses in this area were reduced to either piles or slabs by large waves riding on surge, with only

1080-480: The 1,000 buildings in Gilchrist, 99.5% of them were knocked off of their foundations. Of the buildings off of the foundations, the storm demolished some and washed others onto swamplands behind Gilchrist. The Bolivar Peninsula was just to the right of landfall, placing it on the strong side of the hurricane. H Wind reconstructions (Powell et al., 1998) show winds blowing strongly from offshore-to-onshore for most of

1152-588: The American eel, and sea horses. Alligators and gar are also seen in the area, especially during heavy rains. Alligators travel from the back bayous and ponds into the salt water so that any parasites on their hide can be cleaned off. Freshwater runoff from surrounding rivers, bayous and diversionary canals, especially the Needmore Diversion, drain into the Galveston Bay complex. Much of

1224-645: The Army. The lawsuit was amended on January 13, 2014 to include additional assertions not discovered until after the original had been filed. The private property owners Gulf Coast Rod, Reel and Gun Club, and the GCA which manages the Pass property, filed this suit to protect the Pass from being filled in with dirt and closed completely, which would decimate an already storm-ravaged area and cause extreme hardship to restaurants, retail stores, bait shops, and other businesses relying on tourism, and homeowners trying to rebuild after

1296-406: The Bolivar Peninsula was called the "breadbasket of Galveston" and the "watermelon capital of Texas". Crystal Beach was incorporated from 1971 until 1987, and it has been the most populated community of the Bolivar Peninsula. On April 23, 1991, communities of Bolivar Peninsula received an enhanced 9-1-1 system which routes calls to proper dispatchers and allows dispatchers to automatically view

1368-541: The CDP was 93.69% White , 0.47% African American , 0.80% Native American , 0.57% Asian , 2.80% from other races , and 1.66% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.96% of the population. There were 1,801 households, out of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who

1440-770: The GLO An additional study by Lawrence Dunbar, Professional Engineer, has highlighted severe discrepancies in the money calculations by the GLO and their consultant Taylor Engineering for dredging the Intracoastal Waterway. GALVESTON COUNTY, TEXAS, CIVIL COURT #2 CIVIL CASE NUMBER CV76026 On March 28, 2016 a Petition in Condemnation (OCA) was filed in Galveston County Civil Court to start eminent domain proceedings which would take

1512-733: The Gilchrist Community Association. It outlines the conflict between the GCA and elected state and county officials, specifically Jerry Patterson, former commissioner of the Texas General Land Office; Mark Henry, county judge of Galveston County; and Ryan Dennard, former commissioner of Precinct 1 in Galveston County (term expired 2016) which includes Rollover Pass. Photos by outdoor author and photographer Ed Snyder and others as well as artwork from young local area students are featured in

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1584-566: The Gulf Coast Rod, Reel and Gun Club, Inc. and the Gilchrist Community Association filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court, Southern District of Texas, Galveston Division, against Jerry Patterson, Commissioner; the Texas General Land Office; the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Col. Christopher W. Sallese, District Engineer, Galveston District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Lt. Gen. Thomas P. Bostick, Commander and Chief of Engineers, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; and John M. McHugh, Secretary of

1656-602: The Jefferson County flooding first began. Over 38 inches (97 cm) of rain fell in the city. Encroaching floodwaters prompted the evacuation of Riceland Medical Center in Chambers County, Texas . Stream flooding persisted for days in Hardin County, Texas , where 10–40 in (250–1,020 mm) of rain was measured. Many buildings and roads were rendered impassable. Sixty homes were flooded in

1728-644: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Hurricane Research Division and Applied Research Associates (ARA), a research and engineering company, the best estimates of 3-second peak wind gusts along the eastern portion of the peninsula were between 110 mph and 115 mph. Research observations also suggest most of eastern and southeastern Texas was subjected to tropical storm and hurricane-force winds for ten hours, and possibly longer. Cindy Horswell of McClatchy - Tribune Business News said that authorities said that 3,600 structures on

1800-698: The Our Lady By The Sea Chapel and Catholic Center in Crystal Beach . Its service area is the entire peninsula. This site is a part of the Holy Family Parish, which has other sites on Galveston Island . Our Mother of Mercy Church in Port Bolivar was established circa 1950. Crystal Beach formerly had St. Theresa of Liseaux Mission, built in 1994. St. Theresa sustained damage during Hurricane Ike in 2008, and due to

1872-596: The Texas Park and Wildlife Department Bolivar Loop map. In addition, the Rollover Pass area is a federally protected critical habitat for the piping plover, an endangered species. On the morning of September 13, 2008, Hurricane Ike came ashore near Galveston, Texas. The storm surge associated with Hurricane Ike devastated the adjoining coastal communities of Gilchrist (northeast from Rollover Pass) and Caplen (southwest from Rollover Pass) along with most of

1944-480: The address of the caller. The Bolivar Peninsula suffered heavy damage from Hurricane Ike that made landfall on the Texas coast on September 13, 2008. The Bolivar Peninsula forms a very narrow strip of land in Galveston County , separating the eastern part of Galveston Bay from the Gulf of Mexico . Its narrowest point is a quarter of a mile and is near the unincorporated community of Gilchrist , where

2016-533: The bay and gulf surrounding it, includes blacktip sharks, red drum, black drum, speckled sea trout, flounder, sheephead, ladyfish or skipjacks, gafftop sail catfish, hardhead catfish, ribbonfish, needlefish, tripletail, Spanish mackerel, jack crevale, tarpon, pompano, croaker, sand trout, whiting, mullet, mud minnows, shad or menhaden, dogfish, brown shrimp, white shrimp, sea otters, blue crabs, stone crabs, and fiddler crabs. Endangered species have also been sighted there, specifically green turtles, loggerhead turtles, and

2088-606: The best interest of the public and socioeconomic impact; Rehabilitation Act discrimination against mobility impaired persons by not providing any alternate accessible place; discrimination against disabled persons in violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act; failure to consider and incorporate changes from Texas' recent judicial decision regarding public vs. private beaches; failure to address alternate structures such as jetties or groins to control sediment; and declaratory relief or injunction to prevent closure of Rollover Pass by

2160-542: The celebration. Brittanie Shey of the Houston Press described the celebration as a "small town parade." The Texas Department of Transportation provides ferry service from Port Bolivar at the western end of the Bolivar Peninsula to Galveston . During the non-tourist season, there is only a tentative daily schedule for this service, running approximately every thirty minutes from either side during daylight hours and once an hour after nightfall. Boats will depart

2232-455: The county that the property takeover and eminent domain issues were still being litigated in appeals court. On September 30, 2019, chain link fencing was erected by a contractor at the direction of the Texas General Land Office and Galveston County on the properties surrounding Rollover Pass. This prohibited access to the land area by the public. In May 2009 the 81st Texas legislature in regular session passed Senate Bill 2043. A companion bill

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2304-418: The county, resulting in $ 2.3 million in damage. In Orange County, Texas , Imelda flooded 2,679 homes, resulting in $ 12 million in damage. Near Mauriceville , Cow Bayou reached its second-highest crest on record. In Jasper and Newton counties in Texas, an estimated $ 2.4 million in damage was incurred following the flooding of 15 homes. In Houston, Imelda's rainfall caused many of

2376-573: The court may be seen by going to the Galveston County Civil Court Records and searching by case number CV76026. In August 2017 the County Court at Law No. 2, Galveston County, Texas issued a Writ of Possession to take the property. In the months thereafter, the county provided minimal maintenance services and the public was allowed continued access as per Bolivar beach regulations. In March 2018 an appeal

2448-648: The damage the archdiocese had it razed. Our Lady By The Sea was built on its site. Our Mother of Mercy was undamaged, but it remained closed after the hurricane and the archdiocese had it demolished anyway. Between Hurricane Ike and the opening of Our Lady by the Sea, Bolivar residents attended church in Galveston or in Winnie . John Nova Lomax of the Houston Press wrote that the Our Lady church, dedicated in 2010 and on

2520-531: The eastern Gulf of Mexico . Once over the Gulf, associated convection began to increase, as a weak surface trough formed within the upper—level low on September 14, traversing to the west—northwest. That same day, the National Hurricane Center began to monitor the low for possible tropical cyclogenesis . Although, the NHC only gave the disturbance a low chance of formation. By September 17,

2592-674: The entire peninsula) are assigned to Galveston College in Galveston . The Galveston County Department of Parks and Senior Services operates the Joe Faggard Community Center at 1760 State Highway 87 in the Crystal Beach area and the Fort Travis Seashore Park . The community holds a Mardi Gras celebration along Texas State Highway 87 each year. Many people and groups, including beach bars, politicians, and school groups have krewes in

2664-599: The floods, of which three occurred in Jefferson, while two occurred in Harris County. The National Centers for Environmental Information estimated Imelda inflicted $ 5 billion in damage. Jefferson County, Texas , was the county most heavily impacted by Imelda. An estimated 5,100 homes were flooded in the county, suffering $ 14 million in damage. Major street flooding occurred in Beaumont where

2736-498: The formation of rainbands that repeatedly moved across the same areas of Southeast Texas between September 17–19. Several counties spanning parts of the Greater Houston metropolitan area and Beaumont, Texas , recorded over 30 in (760 mm) of rain. A maximum rainfall total of 44.29 in (1,125 mm) was documented at a station 2 mi (3.2 km) south-southwest of Fannett, Texas ; this made Imelda

2808-411: The highway. Rollover Pass earned its name from the practice of smugglers who from the days of Spanish rule through prohibition , avoided the Galveston customs station by rolling barrels of import or export merchandise (i.e., whiskey and rum) over the narrowest part of the peninsula. A Texas Historical Marker, Number 7166, was erected in 1963 but was damaged by Hurricane Ike in 2008. Though FEMA paid for

2880-548: The huge storm surge from Hurricane Ike . Ike was a Category 2 hurricane making landfall on the northeast end of Galveston Island, about 18 miles from Gilchrist, on September 13, 2008. Some of the concerns of both sides are: private property rights; the best fishing location for handicapped persons on the Texas coast; government coercion; beach erosion; siltation of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway; freshwater diversion; and economic effects. Issues listed in

2952-552: The island of Galveston . The current Crenshaw building, in Crystal Beach, opened in 2005. Prior to the opening of the current campus, the previous facility consisted of two separate buildings, in Port Bolivar . As of 2020 there are no particular attendance boundaries in GISD so parents may apply to any school they wish, but only Bolivar Peninsula residents may have school bus service to Crenshaw K-8. The eastern portion of

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3024-420: The landing from any given side on the captain's prerogative. During tourist season and on occasion of holiday weekends and large events on the island of Galveston (only) the boats have been known to run as quickly as every fifteen minutes departing both sides every twenty minutes at most. On these occasions, the ferry service may have as many as five boats in the water, compared to three during the off-season. There

3096-611: The local bayous to overtop their banks and flood residential areas. More than 1,000 people were rescued from floodwaters. All bus and rail services were temporarily shut down in the city. A roof of a United States Postal Service building collapsed, leaving three people with minor injuries. George Bush Intercontinental Airport closed for about 90 minutes due to flooding on the runways, canceling 655 flights. Throughout Houston, hundreds of homes were affected by flooding and more than 1,600 vehicles were towed. In Harris County alone, 422 people required high-water rescue;

3168-407: The long, low-lying Bolivar Peninsula which has typical elevations around 2 m. Despite being only a strong category 2 storm with maximum winds at landfall of 95 knots (49 m/s, Berg, 2009), Ike's extremely large, long-lasting surge and waves devastated the peninsula. In Gilchrist, Texas , NOAA aerial photography reveals complete destruction. The Rollover Pass bridge was reduced to one lane. Of

3240-483: The original lawsuit included: the GLO has no ownership rights to the property; false representation of data to obtain a federal U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permit to close the Pass; violations of the U.S. Constitution; violations of Environmental Policy, Clean Water and Rehabilitation Act requirements; failure by the USACE to analyze impacts of actions by those closing the Pass; failure to perform analyses of alternatives in

3312-403: The peninsula since 1819 with the first establishment of Bolivar Peninsula, and Fort Las Casas was built in 1820. Samuel D. Parr was responsible for starting the settlement in 1838 that would later become Port Bolivar. The Point Bolivar Lighthouse (which is now privately owned and not open to the public) has an important history with the peninsula, built in 1872. The lighthouse is located on

3384-526: The peninsula was divided by Rollover Pass . According to the United States Census Bureau , the CDP has a total area of 48.1 square miles (124.7 km ), of which 42.5 square miles (110.1 km ) is land and 5.6 square miles (14.6 km ), or 11.7%, is water. While every community on the Bolivar Peninsula is Unincorporated, Crystal Beach , formerly known as Patton, was an Incorporated community from 1971 until 1987. As of

3456-518: The peninsula, 62% of them, were destroyed or severely damaged by Ike's storm surge. By January 2009, 40% of Bolivar Peninsula's population had returned. Of the Bolivar Peninsula communities, Gilchrist received the fewest returnees. The United States Postal Service once operated the Gilchrist Post Office, which opened on September 16, 1950. It closed on July 31, 2010. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston maintains

3528-436: The peninsula, including the unincorporated communities of Caplen , Gilchrist , and High Island , is served by the High Island Independent School District . As of 2003 some residents of the GISD portion sent their children to HIISD, and some residents of the GISD portion expressed a belief that the district was not giving fair treatment to their area schools despite the tax money they pay. Both GISD and HIISD (and therefore

3600-425: The private property on which Rollover Pass is located. The case number is CV76026, plaintiff County of Galveston, Texas, defendant Gulf Coast Rod, Reel and Gun Club, Inc. The Gilchrist Community Association was added on as a defendant also. As of June 2017 various hearings, motions and discovery proceedings have taken place and a jury trial was scheduled for June 12, 2017 but did not occur. All documents filed in

3672-427: The process. In mid-September 2019 Tropical Storm Imelda dumped over 43 inches of water in the southeast Texas area within several days. The residents of the Gilchrist area voiced concerns to the Galveston County commissioners and judge on September 23 that closing Rollover Pass would divert significant quantities of flood waters, much from neighboring counties, onto or through previously dry areas. They also reminded

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3744-556: The property along the Pass, and handicapped or elderly persons were able to fish while sitting in their vehicle. Wading and boat fishing are still possible in the area now, and Bolivar beach regulations apply. A unique feature of Rollover Pass was the constantly changing water flow which brought a great variety of marine life through the area. Incoming tides brought in salt water and organisms within, while outgoing tides not only carried them out again but also contained brackish or fresh water species. Marine life seen at Rollover Pass, and

3816-484: The purpose was to substitute the county's eminent domain authority for the non-existent power of the General Land Office of Texas. In December 2013 a video was produced and released by The Electric Theater Radio Hour in Galveston, Texas. This video, entitled "Rollover Pass battles Patterson & Galveston County on eminent domain threat" (sic) is hosted by George Lee, who interviews Ted Vega, president of

3888-438: The rain, weather stations reported winds between 37 and 44 mph (59–70 km/h) as Imelda made landfall. At Baton Rouge Metropolitan Airport , an embedded thunderstorm within one of Imelda's rainbands produced a microburst that flipped four airplanes and damaged hangar doors on September 17; the airport registered a peak gust of 66 mph (106 km/h). Storm surge also resulted in minor coastal flooding along

3960-413: The restoration of the marker, Galveston County blocked it from happening. However, a portion of the marker is still visible and several lines of text refer to the action of the smugglers. The Rollover Pass area is a popular location for fishing and birding. Visitors come from all over the U.S. to camp, fish, and enjoy family recreation activities. Parking and camping was available on all four quadrants of

4032-516: The site of the former St Therese of Lisieux, "effectively consolidates" the two former churches. Residents opposed to the demolition of Our Mother of Mercy expressed a negative reception to the opening of Our Lady by the Sea. Tropical Storm Imelda Tropical Storm Imelda was a tropical cyclone which was the fourth-wettest storm on record in the U.S. state of Texas , causing devastating and record-breaking floods in southeast Texas . The eleventh tropical cyclone and ninth named storm of

4104-487: The storm causing substantial damage, the name Imelda was not retired following the season, making Imelda the second-costliest Atlantic tropical cyclone name on record to not be retired, with the costliest being Hurricane Sally the following year. Imelda originated from a mid-to-upper level trough located over the Eastern United States . Between September 10–12, the low moved to the southwest towards

4176-615: The system had reached the east coast of Texas. Soon afterward, organization in the system rapidly increased, and at 17:00 UTC that day, the system organized into Tropical Depression Eleven, just off the coast of Texas. At 17:45 UTC, an observation deck at Freeport, Texas recorded sustained winds of 40 mph (65 km/h) with gusts of 47 mph (76 km/h), indicating that the depression had strengthened to Tropical Storm Imelda. Shortly thereafter, at 18:30 UTC, Imelda made landfall near Freeport, Texas at peak intensity, with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 45 mph (75km/h) and

4248-510: The upper Texas and Louisiana coasts, inundating areas with 1–2 ft (0.30–0.61 m) of water. A National Ocean Service gauge at Eagle Point, Texas, measured a peak surge height of 2.35 ft (0.72 m) above normal tide levels. After September 17, freshwater runoff originating from inland flooding reached the coast and exacerbated the initial storm surge flooding. A gauge on Buffalo Bayou documented water levels 4.32 ft (1.32 m) above normal tide levels once runoff reached

4320-530: The video and it can be viewed on You Tube. 29°30′32″N 94°30′02″W  /  29.5088°N 94.5005°W  / 29.5088; -94.5005 Bolivar Peninsula Bolivar Peninsula ( / ˈ b ɒ l ɪ v ər / BOL -i-vər ) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Galveston County , Texas , United States. The population was 2,769 at the 2020 census . The communities of Port Bolivar , Crystal Beach , Caplen , Gilchrist , and High Island are located on Bolivar Peninsula. The peninsula

4392-433: The water going into East Bay via the Intracoastal Waterway from the neighboring counties of Chambers and Jefferson drained to the Gulf through Rollover Pass. This allowed floodwaters to escape during storms. The Rollover Pass and Rollover Bay area is a significant winter destination for many migrant bird species coming down from the northern states. It is named as a destination point by several birding organizations and in

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4464-518: The western end of the peninsula, directly across from Fort Travis Seashore Park. Fort Travis in Bolivar Peninsula, a separate facility from Fort Travis in Galveston, was built with construction starting in 1898. The North Jetty , extending from Bolivar Peninsula, of the entrance to Galveston Bay started being constructed in 1874. From 1896 to 1942, the Gulf & Interstate, a subsidiary of Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway, connected Beaumont to Galveston Island with aid of train ferries . At one time

4536-450: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.65. In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.0% under the age of 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 20.7% from 25 to 44, 35.1% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.1 males. The median income for

4608-410: Was House Bill 3986. This authorized the commissioner of the Texas General Land Office to close or modify certain man-made passes if funds were appropriated by the legislature. Subsequent actions by the GLO and Galveston County prompted the following court filings: UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS, GALVESTON DIVISION CIVIL ACTION NO. 3:13-CV-00126 On April 19, 2013,

4680-538: Was a proposal to build the Bolivar Bridge to connect Galveston Island to Bolivar Peninsula, but it has been canceled. At 7:10 UST on September 13, 2008 (2:10 am local), Hurricane Ike made landfall at the east end of Galveston Island, Texas , as the largest North Atlantic hurricane in recorded history. At the height of the storm, Ike's cloud mass essentially covered the entire Gulf of Mexico. The Wind and Surge Destructive Potential Classification Scale, which

4752-437: Was calculated for Ike and was found to be 25 percent greater than the comparable maximum estimate for Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Hurricane Ike caused cataclysmic destruction of the peninsula, reducing the region to rubble and causing severe, permanent change in the shoreline. Entire communities along the upper Texas coast were simply wiped out by Ike's catastrophic storm surge. Ike's effects were disproportionally felt near

4824-469: Was cut through private property on the Bolivar Peninsula and linked the Gulf of Mexico with Rollover Bay and East Bay on the upper Texas coast in eastern Galveston County . Located on property which was owned by the Gulf Coast Rod, Reel and Gun Club and managed by the Gilchrist Community Association, the Pass was widened to allow more water flow in 1955 by the Texas Game and Fish Commission when it

4896-510: Was detailed in Tropical Cyclone Destructive Potential by Integrated Kinetic Energy (by Dr. Mark Powell and Dr. Tim Reinhold, April 2007) offers a new way to assess hurricane size and strength by calculating the total kinetic energy contained in a 1-meter deep horizontal slice of the storm at an elevation of 10 meters above the land or ocean surface. Using this type of calculation, the integrated kinetic energy

4968-474: Was filed in the Court of Appeals, 14th District of Texas, Houston by the Gilchrist Community Association against the County of Galveston, Texas; Case No. 14-17-00681-CV. Issues presented included the following: 1. The County Court at Law erred in holding that the Gilchrist Community Association lacked standing; and 2. The County of Galveston lacked the statutory authority to obtain property by eminent domain when

5040-476: Was granted an easement by the property owners. The intent was to increase bay water salinity , promote growth of submerged vegetation, and help marine fish to and from spawning and feeding areas in the bay. The Pass was about 1600 feet long and 200 feet wide. Large cement walls framed the Gulf side (southeast of Texas Highway 87) and steel bulkheads contained the sides of the Rollover Bay side northwest of

5112-575: Was heaviest, the rainfall total represented a 1-in-1000-year rainfall event . Destructive flooding occurred along Interstate 10 between Winnie and Orange, Texas , where over 42 in (1,100 mm) of rain fell. Over one thousand vehicles were caught in flood waters. Many homes and businesses were also flooded, resulting in numerous high-water rescues. Approximately 8,200 homes were flooded in Harris , Jefferson , Liberty , and Montgomery counties in Texas. Five deaths were directly attributed to

5184-486: Was named in 1816 for Simón Bolívar , the famed Venezuelan political leader involved in the independence movements of Venezuela , Colombia , Peru , Bolivia , and other Latin American nations. The pirates/privateers Jean Laffite and Louis-Michel Aury each used the Bolivar Peninsula as part of the pirate kingdom established around the Galveston Bay. The peninsula was part of an overland slave route between Louisiana and Galveston . James Long based his operations on

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