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27-485: Historically, many Rome-born men, as well as others born elsewhere on the Italian Peninsula have served as bishops of Rome. Since 1900, however, there has been only one Rome-born bishop of Rome, Pius XII (1939–1958). In addition, throughout history non-Italians have served as bishops of Rome, beginning with the first of them according to Catholic tradition, Saint Peter . It is the metropolitan archdiocese of

54-541: A cardinal bishop at its titular head. There remains the titular Suburbicarian See of Ostia , held, in addition to his previous suburbicarian see, by the cardinal bishop elected to be the dean of the College of Cardinals . The Diocese of Ostia was merged with the Diocese of Rome in 1962, and is now administered by a vicar general, in tight cooperation with the vicar general for Rome. It was also diminished to contain only

81-486: Is assigned an auxiliary bishop who collaborates with the vicar general and the vicegerent in the pastoral administration of the diocese. The five bishops of the sectors can be joined by other auxiliary bishops for specific pastoral areas such as health care ministry. In January 2023, Pope Francis reorganized the Diocese of Rome, greatly restricted the role of vicar general. He defined the role of each auxiliary bishop and took direct charge of many diocesan decisions. He defined

108-523: Is in the Vatican City State and the rest is in Italy. The diocese has 1,219 diocesan priests of its own, while 2,331 priests of other dioceses, 5,072 religious priests and 140 Opus Dei priests reside in its territory, as do 2,266 women religious. In 2004, they ministered to an estimated 2,454,000 faithful , who made up 88% of the population of the territory. The city of Rome has grown beyond

135-684: The Annuario Pontificio are: The title "pope" does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in the signatures of the popes. The best evidence available for the origins of the Church in Rome is Saint Paul 's Epistle to the Romans . This indicates that the church was established probably by the early 40s AD. Saint Peter became associated with this church sometime between

162-558: The Italic peninsula , Apennine peninsula , Italian boot , or mainland Italy , is a peninsula , within the Italian geographical region , extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City . It is nicknamed lo Stivale (the Boot), because

189-586: The Friars Minor Conventual in September 2017. On 25 October 2020, Pope Francis announced he would raise him to the rank of cardinal at a consistory scheduled for 28 November 2020. Gambetti is the first Conventual Franciscan to be made a cardinal since 1861. His term as General Custos was due to expire in 2021 but he was instead succeeded in that position on 12 November by Father Marco Moroni. As cardinals are required to be bishops, he

216-465: The Italian peninsula. From a political point of view, the Italian peninsula in the strict sense (therefore excluding insular Italy and northern Italy ) is divided into various states listed in the following table: Mauro Gambetti Mauro Gambetti , OFM Conv. (born 27 October 1965) is an Italian Catholic prelate who has served as archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica , Vicar General for

243-550: The Roman ecclesiastical province and primatial see of Italy. The cathedral is the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran . The primate of Italy is the pope, holding primacy of honor over the Italian sees and also primacy of jurisdiction over all other episcopal sees by Catholic tradition . The pope is the bishop of Rome. Some of his titles derive from his role as head of the diocese of Rome. Those officially listed for him in

270-762: The Vatican State , and president of the Fabric of Saint Peter since 2021. He was consecrated a titular archbishop on 22 November 2020 just before Pope Francis raised him to the rank of cardinal on 28 November 2020. A member of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual since 1992, Gambetti held senior leadership positions in the order beginning in 2009 and served as General Custos of the Sacred Convent of Saint Francis in Assisi from 2013 to 2020. Mauro Gambetti

297-566: The Vatican State , and president of the Fabric of Saint Peter . On 12 March 2021, the Vatican Secretariat of State ended the private celebration of Mass at the basilica's side altars and restricted the use of the Traditional Latin Mass to Clementine Chapel in the crypt of the basilica. In December 2021, Pope Francis named Gambetti chair of the newly created Fratelli tutti Vatican Foundation, formed to extend

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324-607: The Vicariate of Rome has for centuries been called the cardinal vicar ( Italian : Cardinale Vicario ). The vicariate has 336 active and 5 suppressed parishes in its territory. Since 1970 the vicar of the city of Rome has also been assigned the office of archpriest of the Lateran Archbasilica, where the diocesan curia has its headquarters. From a strictly pastoral point of view, the diocese is divided into five sectors: north, south, east, west, and center. Each sector

351-601: The bishop except those that in law require a special mandate of the bishop. This vicariate has responsibility for the territory of Vatican City . It consists of two parishes : Saint Peter's Basilica and Saint Anne in Vatican . Its pastoral mission with respect to residents of its territory is minimal. It is primarily concerned with providing appropriate services to tourists, pilgrims, and others in Rome who avail themselves of services provided in Vatican City. Since 1991,

378-408: The boundaries of the diocese. Notable parts of the city belong to the dioceses of Ostia and Porto-Santa Rufina . Ostia is administered together with the Vicariate of the city and thus included in the statistics given below, while Porto is instead administered by its own diocesan bishop . The diocese covers an area of 849 km and includes most of the city and the municipality of Rome in Italy, and

405-769: The cathedral parish of Ostia (Sant'Aurea in Ostia Antica), which, however, in 2012 was divided into two parishes, who together form the present diocese of Ostia. Other Italian dioceses having Rome as their metropolitan see : Numerous ordinaries and personal prelatures outside the province of Rome, worldwide, are "Exempt", i.e. "directly subject to the Holy See", not part of any ecclesiastical province , including: Italian Peninsula 42°00′N 14°00′E  /  42.000°N 14.000°E  / 42.000; 14.000 The Italian peninsula ( Italian : penisola italica or penisola italiana ), also known as

432-430: The entire territory of Vatican City. The diocese is divided into two vicariates, each with its respective vicar general . Two vicars general exercise the episcopal ministry and pastoral government for their respective territories within the diocese of Rome. Unless the bishop of a diocese reserves some acts to himself, vicars general have by law within a diocese the power to undertake all administrative acts that pertain to

459-450: The growing universal Church. Appeals were made to Peter and Paul, with whom the Roman church was most closely identified. On 6 January 2023, by the apostolic constitution In Ecclesiarum Communione , Pope Francis reorganised the diocese to make it more collegial and to reinforce the role of the pope in it. The diocese covers a territory of 881 square kilometres (340 sq mi) of which 0.44 square kilometres (0.17 sq mi)

486-702: The leadership of the order appointed him to head the General Custody of the Sacred Convent of San Francesco in Assisi for a four-year term from 2013 to 2017, with the title General Custos . At the same time, the Bishop of Assisi appointed him Episcopal Vicar for the pastoral care of the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi and other places of worship run by the Friars Minor Conventual in that diocese. He

513-757: The minimum extent of the Italian peninsula consists of the land south of a line extending from the Magra to the Rubicon rivers, north of the Tuscan–Emilian Apennines . It excludes the Po Valley and the southern slopes of the Alps . The Italian peninsula has the only active volcano on continental Europe , Mount Vesuvius . In general discourse, "Italy" and the "Italian peninsula" are often used as synonymous terms. However, northern Italy may be excluded from

540-526: The shape of the peninsula resembles a high-heeled boot . Three smaller peninsulas contribute to this characteristic shape, namely Calabria (the "toe"), Salento (the "heel") and Gargano (the "spur"). The backbone of the Italian peninsula consists of the Apennine Mountains , from which it takes one of its names. The peninsula comprises much of Italy and also includes the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City . Geographically,

567-401: The vicar general for Vatican City has been the cardinal who is the archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica, currently Cardinal Mauro Gambetti . The vicariate general ( Vicariatus urbis ) for the diocesan territory outside of Vatican City, territory that is under Italian sovereignty, is based at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran , which is the cathedral of the diocese. The vicar general for

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594-472: The vicar general's role as a coordinator of the work of diocesan bodies, defined him as an auxiliary, and restricted his sphere of responsibility with the rule that the vicar general "will not undertake important initiatives or ones exceeding ordinary administration without first reporting to me". Six of the dioceses of the Roman Province are described as suburbicarian. Each suburbicarian diocese has

621-411: The year 58 and the early 60s. According to one historian: The final years of the first century and the early years of the second constitute the "postapostolic" period, as reflected in the extrabiblical writings of Clement of Rome and Ignatius of Antioch. By now the church at Rome was exercising a pastoral care that extended beyond its own community, having replaced Jerusalem as the practical center of

648-775: Was born in Castel San Pietro Terme , Italy, on 27 October 1965. He earned a degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Bologna . He joined Order of Friars Minor Conventals in September 1992 and took his final vows on 20 September 1998. He obtained a bachelor's degree in theology at the Theological Institute of Assisi and a licentiate in theological anthropology at the Theological Faculty of Central Italy in Florence. He

675-769: Was confirmed for another term as Custos General in 2017. From 2009 to 2013 he also served as president of the Italian Conference of Major Superiors (CISM) for Emilia Romagna and vice-president of the Intermediterranean Conference of Provincial Ministers (CIMP). Since 2010 he has been regional assistant of the Secular Franciscan Order (OFS) for Emilia-Romagna. He was elected President of the Intermediterranean Federation of Provincial Ministers of

702-672: Was consecrated a bishop on 22 November in the Basilica of Assisi by Cardinal Agostino Vallini , becoming titular archbishop of Thisiduo . At that consistory, Pope France made him cardinal deacon of Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano . Gambetti became the third youngest member of the College of Cardinals. On 16 December he was named a member of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life . On 20 February 2021, Pope Francis appointed him archpriest of Saint Peter's Basilica , Vicar General for

729-579: Was ordained a priest on 8 January 2000 in Longiano . He was animator of youth and vocation ministry for Emilia-Romagna there and, from 2005 to 2009, also leader and animator of the religious community. In the spring of 2009 the members of the Bologna Province, who have responsibility for the convents of the Friars Minor Conventual of Emilia-Romagna, elected him to a four-year term as their superior. He held that position until 22 February 2013 when

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