Misplaced Pages

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98-606: It is located 7.2 km (4.5 mi) from the center of Paris . On 24 July 1867, a part of the territory of Romainville was detached and merged with a part of the territory of Pantin and a part of the territory of Bagnolet to create the commune of Les Lilas . Romainville is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest stations to Romainville are Mairie des Lilas station on Paris Métro Line 11 and Bobigny - Pantin - Raymond Queneau station on Paris Métro Line 5 . The former

196-472: A hood and a corrugated iron roof, with a roof vent. Internally, the stud framing and timber truss roof members were exposed. The offices and public facilities were contained in the adjacent lean-to, which faced George Street. Only one platform and the main up-line served the passenger station. A similar platform and line layout was used for the Mortuary Station , constructed 15 years later; however,

294-433: A less grandiose Scheme prepared by Norman Selfe. Its main feature is the raising of Belmore Park to the level of the station platform between raised roads in the eastern half of a widened Pitt Street on the one hand and the western half of a widened Elizabeth Street on the other, with a connecting viaduct along Eddy Avenue and a retaining-wall to support the raised park along its Hay Street alignment. Although neither scheme

392-449: A magnificent entrance to the city will be established and the trees will set off the new station. He considers that this opportunity for the improvement and ornamentation of Sydney should not be lost, especially as it will not entail a very heavy cost upon the tax payer, most of the land utilised already being the property of the crown. There will be four double and four single platforms, or practically twelve single platforms in all... Between

490-534: A monolith in Plaza Congreso in Buenos Aires . The work of the brothers Máximo and José Fioravanti , the structure was placed on the north side of Plaza Lorea on October 2, 1935; it was moved to its present location on May 18, 1944. An image of Our Lady of Luján (honored on the monolith as "the patron saint of the national road network") appears on the monolith's north face, a relief map of Argentina

588-404: A much larger building than originally proposed, but it is thought in the future it will come into use. In the meantime, certain parts can be left out and added afterwards, but in spite of all such reduction the estimated cost of the new building and the main roof will amount to about £ 400,000 as compared with £ 230,000". As it was being built, it was reported that "Everything in connection with

686-585: A much modified building was actually constructed. The total estimated cost of the works was to be £ 561,000 with the general works estimated at £ 138,000, the Station Building estimated at £ 233,000 and the Resumptions estimated at £ 140,000. Almost immediately these estimates proved conservative, there was much public concern regarding the removal of bodies from the Old Burial ground and

784-531: A new cemetery, the Botany Cemetery, had to be constructed, at public expense, at La Perouse . When the third station was built in 1906, it moved one block north, closer to the city. It fronted Garden Road, which was realigned to form Eddy Avenue. If Belmore Park is included, all the land now occupied by the railway at Central and Redfern coincides with the company's original selection of four blocks between Hay and Cleveland Streets. The present station

882-783: A point of reference from the capital city. In Sarawak, kilometre zero of Pan Borneo Highway started in Telok Melano. In Sabah, the starting point for Kota Kinabalu City's kilometre zero began in front of the Sabah Tourism Board building, which used to be a post office during the British colonial era. Kilometre zero of Mexico is located next to the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral in Mexico City . The North Korean kilometre zero

980-468: A prominent Sydney builder and local politician, proposed a scheme to provide a circular city extension to the railway. The route included stations at Oxford Street , William Street and Woolloomooloo in the east, Circular Quay , then Dawes Point and a line parallel to Darling Harbour in the west. John Whitton designed a grand city terminus at the corner of Hunter and Castlereagh Streets two years later. Neither of these schemes eventuated. In 1895,

1078-485: A ramp, descending from the north west corner of the building to Belmore Road. A subway for pedestrians to enter the building is to be provided from a point in Pitt Street, nearly opposite the north western corner of the building. The tramway approaches have been so designed as to take them completely clear of all other classes of traffic and congestion, and interference and risk of injury will be altogether obviated. It

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1176-802: A replica in 1973. Traditionally, distances to Copenhagen , Denmark 's capital, were measured to the old city gates. City Hall Square (old Vesterport) is the zero point for roads from south and west such as from Korsør or Rødby . For road from north such as from Helsingør or Hillerød , point zero is Østerport located on the North side of the inner city. Nørreport was used from Frederikssund , and Amagerport from Amager . There are old monuments at these locations. On railways distances are in general measured from Copenhagen Central Station . DR-1 , DR-2 , and DR-3 all depart from kilometre zero at Santo Domingo 's Parque de Independencia. Kilometre zero in Egypt

1274-517: A scheme that did not involve the disturbance of or use of land in Hyde Park was sought. The extension of Belmore Park was initially proposed in the 1897 scheme as compensation for the use of the northwestern corner of Hyde Park as a railway station. Following a change of government the St James scheme was abandoned and Deane prepared, c.  1899 , a further two schemes, one of which was for

1372-580: A separate line which could be electrified without impact on the remainder of the rail system. However, due to the necessity of building the City Underground Railway and the proposal for a Sydney Harbour Bridge , not to mention the expansion of the Illawarra and Bankstown lines, the program was altered in order that the electrification could be linked with these proposed expansions. From Well Street, Redfern eight tracks would continue as

1470-497: A station on place Carnot will be opened with a connection to tram line 1. As of 2016 there were 1,147 preschool ( maternelle ) students and 1,637 elementary students in Romainville communal primary schools, making a total of 2,782 students. Primary schools: Junior high schools: Lycée Liberté , a vocational high school, is in Romainville. Romainville is twinned with: This Seine-Saint-Denis geographical article

1568-498: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kilometre Zero In many countries, kilometre zero (also written km 0 ) or similar terms in other languages (also known as zero mile marker , zero milepost , control stations , or control points ) denote a particular location (usually in the nation's capital city) from which distances are traditionally measured and some use this as their official country location or coordinates for faster search at space satellites, this

1666-417: Is a heritage-listed railway station located in the centre of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The station is Australia's largest and busiest railway station, and is a major transport interchange for NSW TrainLink inter-city rail services, Sydney Trains commuter rail services, Sydney Metro services, Sydney light rail services, bus services, and private coach transport services. The station

1764-505: Is also known as Sydney Terminal (Platforms 1 to 12). The property was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999. It recorded 85.4 million passenger movements in 2018 and serves over 250,000 people daily. Central station occupies a large city block separating Haymarket , Surry Hills and the central business district, bounded by Railway Square and Pitt Street in

1862-551: Is also used for measuring distances between different countries around the world. Historically, they were markers where drivers could set their odometers to follow the directions in early roaming guide books . One such marker is the Milliarium Aureum ("Golden Milestone") of the Roman Empire , believed to be the literal origin for the maxim that " all roads lead to Rome ". Argentina marks kilometre zero with

1960-725: Is at Kim Il-sung Square in the capital Pyongyang . Kilometre zero for roads from Oslo , the capital of Norway , is at the address Observatoriegaten 1 . Kilometre zero for most railways in Norway is 0.27 kilometres (0.17 mi) westwards into the Oslo Tunnel . The Panamanian kilometre zero is at the Martin Sosa Bridge on the Simon Bolivar Avenue (Transisthmian Highway) in the capital Panama City . Central railway station, Sydney Central

2058-742: Is at the Attaba Square Post Office in 1st of Abdel Khaliq Sarwat Pasha Street, Cairo . Kilometre zero in Ethiopia is in Menelik II Square, Addis Ababa , in front of St. George's Cathedral ; it is the point from which all Ethiopian highway distances are measured. The point was designated by Emperor Haile Selassie in 1930. Kilometre zero in Finland is at the Erottaja square in central Helsinki . Point zero of

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2156-560: Is intended that the railway traffic should run as now arranged over the Castlereagh and Pitt Street route, but, instead of approaching the station on the ground level, the two lines begin to rise from a point in Belmore Park on a grade of 1 in 20, where they will terminate with a wide colonnade of (sic) platform level. This design, with pavilions and a mansard roof, was strongly influenced by French Renaissance chateaux. The scale of

2254-426: Is located in the neighboring commune of Les Lilas , 1.4 km (0.87 mi) from the town center of Romainville, and the latter is located in the neighboring commune of Pantin , 1.3 km (0.81 mi) from the town center of Romainville. There are plans to extend Paris Métro Line 11 beyond its terminus at Mairie des Lilas station, reaching the town center of Romainville and beyond to Rosny-sous-Bois . In 2024,

2352-609: Is marked by a monument, forming the number "zero". The starting point was initially reckoned from the threshold of the Buda Royal Palace , but it was taken down to the Széchenyi Chain Bridge when it was built in 1849. The city of Kecskemét also has a zero kilometre stone on Kossuth Square. In India, the Zero Mile Stone is a monument in the city of Nagpur , Maharashtra. The Zero Mile Stone

2450-519: Is on the middle of Nihonbashi bridge in Tokyo , the capital city of Japan . Tokyo Station is considered the originating point of the national railway network and has several posts and monuments indicating kilometre zero for lines originating from the station. The kilometre zero in Kyrgyzstan is located in its capital Bishkek . Kilometre zero for the major roads radiating from Antananarivo ,

2548-646: Is on the south face, plaques in honour of José de San Martín are west, and on its eastern side, the date of the decree and the name of the relevant authorities. Highways in Australia are usually built and maintained by the states and territories . In the state of New South Wales , highway distances ( mileages ) were traditionally measured from a sandstone obelisk in Macquarie Place in Sydney , designed by Francis Greenway in 1818. The obelisk lists

2646-845: The Altar of the Twelve Gods in the ancient agora of Athens . So, that altar can be considered the first kilometre zero in human history. Nowadays, the kilometre zero for Greek highways is the National Observatory of Athens . The kilometre zero is located at the National Palace in Guatemala City . The National Palace is also the residence for the Guatemalan president. Traditionally, milestones for Castle Peak Road , Tai Po Road and Clear Water Bay Road ,

2744-482: The Cleveland Street Bridge and flyovers. The Devonshire Street subway and Devonshire Street wall were extended through the new suburban section. The new viaduct along Elizabeth Street included new bridges over Eddy Avenue, Campbell Street and Hay Street and a new retaining wall along Elizabeth Street. Modernisation programs were undertaken in 1955 and again in 1964. In the 1955 work, a booking hall

2842-514: The GPO building in Princes Street. For most mainline railways, miles are measured from the associated London terminal station . The 0 km point for the whole London Underground network is located at Ongar railway station which is actually no longer part of the network and is only operated as part of a heritage railway . See also: In Ancient Greece , distances were measured from

2940-784: The General Post Office on the city's main thoroughfare, O'Connell Street . In Jerusalem , its kilometre zero or zero point is at Jaffa Gate . Some say it is at The Garden Tomb . However, there is no precise marker, as of today. However, the Railway system uses a different kilometre zero point at the former Haifa East railway station . The Italian kilometre zero is on the top of the Capitoline Hill in Rome . Kilometre zero in Japan ( 日本国道路元標 , Nipponkoku Dōro Genpyō )

3038-714: The Liberty Road was erected in Sainte-Mère-Eglise , liberated by U.S. paratroopers on 6 June 1944. Initially, the origin point of all Prussian roads leading to and from the capital Berlin was at Dönhoff-Platz in the city centre (1730–1875) and in 1975 a reconstructed milestone was placed in front of the Spittelkolonnaden  [ de ] at Marion-Gräfin-Dönhoff-Platz. (Coordinates: 52°30′39″N 13°23′56″E  /  52.5108°N 13.3990°E  / 52.5108; 13.3990 .) In

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3136-693: The 1840s for a railway linking Sydney and Parramatta , with an eastern terminus close to the Sydney city centre. Although the Sydney Railway Company first applied to the government for four blocks of land between Hay and Cleveland streets in 1849, the Surveyor General favoured Grose Farm, now the grounds of the University of Sydney . It was further from the city and less costly to develop. The company finally exchanged land in

3234-418: The 1874 station at midnight of 4 August 1906. During the remainder of that night, the passenger concourse was demolished and the line extended through the old station into the new station. The Western Mail arrived at 05:50 on 5 August 1906 at the new station. Devonshire Street, which separated the two stations, became a pedestrian underpass to allow people to cross the railway line and is now known by many as

3332-575: The Benevolent Asylum grounds, the convent along the northern side of Pitt Street where it debouches upon George Street. The result will be a fine, broad thoroughfare, tree bordered to form the entrance to the city... ...Mr O'Sullivan is also conferring with Mr S Horden to see if an arrangement can be made for the purpose of widening Gipps Street, at present a narrow thoroughfare before any new buildings are erected. By planting these broad streets on each side with trees, Mr O'Sullivan contends that

3430-538: The City Railway whilst four would carry the country trains to the Sydney Terminal. An above ground station would include a link to allow the transfer of passengers and baggage to the Sydney Terminal. This new station was constructed on the east side. South of the station buildings, additional works built to accommodate the electrification and expansion of the city and suburban lines included extensions to

3528-629: The Devonshire Street Tunnel. An 85.6-metre-tall (281 ft) clock tower in the Free Classical style was added at the north-western corner of the station, opening on 12 March 1921. The clock was designed by Richard Lamb and Alfred Fairfax, the co-founders of Fairfax & Roberts. On a continuous axis with the first station building, Belmore Park originally fronted the first Hay and Corn Markets in Hay Street. When

3626-481: The Devonshire Street station could accommodate was 20,000; the new station would be able to accommodate 40,000. The location of the cab rank was also discussed, it having been decided not to incorporate a cab rank inside the building so that the new station could be "kept entirely free from the smell, which the standing of horses under the roof must certainly involve". The last train departed platform 5 of

3724-514: The French national highways is located in the city square of Parvis Notre-Dame – Place Jean-Paul II of Paris facing the main entrance of Notre-Dame with the medallion installed in 1924. (Coordinates: 48°51′12″N 2°20′56″E  /  48.8534°N 2.3488°E  / 48.8534; 2.3488 ). It was established by King Louis XV in April 1769. A commemorative kilometre zero for

3822-686: The Lands and Surveys Department. All national distances from Santiago , the capital of Chile , originate at the Km. 0 plaque at the Plaza de Armas main square in its downtown. (Coordinates: 33°26′16″S 70°39′02″W  /  33.4378°S 70.6505°W  / -33.4378; -70.6505 .) Chile's Autopista Central – Eje Norte-Sur (the eastern segment of the Panamerican Highway that passes through Santiago) has its kilometre zero at

3920-494: The Old Burial Ground Site. The royal commission in 1897 again considered the city railway extension because of dangerous congestion at Redfern and recommended using Hyde Park. Then, after an investigative trip overseas, Henry Deane prepared alternative proposals for a new railway terminal for the government in 1900. The second scheme proposal called for the resumption of the Devonshire Street cemeteries, but this

4018-675: The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Public Works advised that a royal commission should be constituted to "inquire into the question of bringing the railway from its present terminus at Redfern into the city". The findings of the commission, favouring a site in St James Road, were released in 1897. The term Central Station was now in common use. The public works annual report of 1896–1897 noted that "the Railway Construction Branch

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4116-520: The Railway Commissioners with the accompanying comment by the "Board of Experts" advising on the design of Central Station "we are of the opinion that either one or the other of the architectural designs which accompany this report may with confidence be adopted". Of the two façade options, that of Gorrie McLeish Blair was reputedly selected. The 1901/02 Annual Report describes the progress a year later, "work has progressed vigorously during

4214-505: The Sydney Terminus was to be a collaboration between the architect and the railway engineers. The layout was largely determined by the planning requirements of the railway engineers, to which an appropriate architectural style was overlaid. However, the initial scheme did not contain the required accommodation and an enlargement of the building was approved by the minister. The cost estimate was now £ 610,000. The board were to fulfil

4312-534: The brick fields. The adjacent field which is today Belmore Park was known as the "police paddock", after the police barracks. The remains exhumed from the cemetery were re-interred at several other Sydney cemeteries including Rookwood and Waverley cemeteries. Bodies were moved to Botany by steam tram motors and flat cars. E. O'Sullivan, the Minister for Works, in 1901, established the [Central] Station Advisory Board, comprising railway experts to "investigate

4410-546: The building of retaining wall, Pitt Street, between Hay Street and the Ambulance Depot, near Devonshire-street; the tramway arrival and departure bridges, the piers of which have been carried up to impost and girder-bed level. Shop fronts and arcades in Pitt-street ... the whole of [the] arcade with shop fronts and front wall to the main building from Pitt-street to the extreme eastern end of the building, including

4508-474: The building, arrangement of the approaches and viaducts, the ground level colonnade and the position of the clocktower are all similar to the subsequent scheme, which was actually constructed. By June 1901, work had begun on forming the site of the new station at Devonshire Street, the PWD Annual Report for 1900/01 noting that "a great deal of preliminary work has had to be done in the preparation of

4606-477: The burial ground in Devonshire Street was offered as compensation, public sentiment still opposed the loss of Hyde Park. The initial designs for a near Sydney Terminal were prepared by Henry Deane, the Engineer-in-Chief of Railway Construction in consultation with the Railway Commissioners. Deane is reputed to have prepared 10 schemes for the royal commission. Although the St James location was preferred,

4704-678: The capital of Madagascar , is on the square in front of the Soarano Railway Station. Kilometre zero for roads and highways in Peninsular Malaysia is located in front of Johor Bahru General Post Office. It is one of the rare cases where the national kilometre zero is not at the capital (in this case, Kuala Lumpur ) due to the fact that the distances for three major backbone routes ( Federal Routes 1 , 3 and 5 ) are measured from Johor Bahru, where they meet. In addition, Kuala Lumpur has its own Zero Mile marker as

4802-441: The case of Central station, "the levels permit of its being carried on underground by means of subways and lifts at suitable points". The mail was also to be transferred by subway. The train shed roof was to be designed to have a central span of 198 ft (60 m) with two sides spans of 78 ft (24 m). Three pin trusses were to be employed, which were to be brought to the ground to provide intermediate support. The roof

4900-463: The centre of Charing Cross in London , there is a plaque bearing the inscription: On the site now occupied by the statue of King Charles I was erected the original Queen Eleanor's Cross , a replica of which stands in front of Charing Cross station. Mileages from London are measured from the site of the original cross. In Scotland , distances from Edinburgh are measured from a bollard in front of

4998-408: The clerical, professional, traffic and audit branches. The railway is to cross Devonshire Street, which as a street for heavy traffic will cease to exist. It will be lowered and modified, to suite pedestrian, cab and light traffic only, with a width of 50ft. The heavy traffic hitherto taken over Devonshire Street will be diverted along Belmore Road and a new street which is to be made on the east side of

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5096-414: The completion of the first stage of the main terminal building c.  1906 , was a gloomy building, the glass in the roof lantern not permitting a great deal of light to enter and the soot from the steam locomotives coating the surfaces with grime. The second station grew to 14 platforms before it was replaced by the present-day station to the north of Devonshire Street. In major metropolitan areas

5194-405: The demand for platform space during peak times resulted in additional branch lines and platforms being constructed adjacent to the passenger station. These lines were brought in front of the station, obscuring it from view and isolating the verandah. By 1890 Whitton's station building had become engulfed within a sea of sheds and tram platform canopies. The second Redfern station, demolished following

5292-674: The distances to various locations in New South Wales at the time. For the railway, it is at platform 1 of Central station . The General Post Office building in Melbourne traditionally serves this purpose in Victoria . In Western Australia , road distances are measured from "Point Zero", which is by the old Treasury Building on the corner of Cathedral Avenue and St Georges Terrace in Perth , because this building once housed

5390-558: The earlier scheme. During 1899 a Parliamentary Standing Committee had debated whether the major public buildings should be constructed of brick with a sandstone trim or all sandstone. This committee determined that, for major public buildings, sandstone should be used. Two designs, by members of the Government Architects Branch, were submitted for the façades in October 1901 to the Minister for Public Works and to

5488-562: The east wing have been carried up to the first floor level. The 1908 Royal Commission for the Improvement of the City of Sydney and its Suburbs offered two schemes which, in providing vehicular access, attempted to resolve the discrepancy in scale between Belmore Park and the station building. The scheme presented by John Sulman consisted of two circular roadways, one above the other, around Belmore Park. The Commissioners, however, favoured

5586-401: The end of the docks and the main buildings is the assembly platform, 70ft wide. On the platform level will be booking offices, waiting rooms, cloak and luggage offices, lavatories, convenient refreshment rooms, dining rooms, etc. The basement will be devoted to kitchens, stores, baggage rooms, offices for minor officials, and a dining room for the Railway Commissioners and their staffs, including

5684-479: The extent of the resumption there would, in addition to a terminus, be room for the extension of the goods yard and the erection of a carriage shed and post office. The existing lines were at a higher level than the Burial Ground, so rather than lowering the existing railway track, the tramlines were to be raised to serve a high level station. The Public Works Committee passed the design on 7 June 1900, however,

5782-443: The first stage of the station in 1906. It was the obvious location for expansion when new platforms were added to the original complex to provide the electrical city and suburban connection in 1926. The grand station building is eclipsed from view at street level by the Elizabeth Street ramp, and the later semi-circular classical entrance portico to the city connection is in refined contrast to the rusticated blocks and heavy treatment of

5880-407: The first three highways extending from the city centre in Kowloon to the rural areas, were all measured from the Star Ferry pier at Tsim Sha Tsui. There are still milestones preserved today but there is no Milestone 0. However, modern highways in Hong Kong no longer use this system. Each trunk route has its own Km. 0 at one end. The Zero Kilometre Stone in Budapest , the capital of Hungary ,

5978-399: The first, second and third blocks, between Hay and Devonshire Streets, for an increased area of eight hectares (twenty acres) in the fourth block, the Government Paddocks, between Devonshire and Cleveland Streets. Hence, the site of the first Sydney railway terminus was located here from 1855. The original Sydney station was opened on 26 September 1855 in an area known as Cleveland Fields. It

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6076-403: The floor in the centre of the main hall is a replica 25 carats (5.0 g) diamond, which marks kilometre zero. The original diamond, said to have belonged to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and have been sold to the Cuban state by a Turkish merchant, was stolen on March 25, 1946, and mysteriously returned to the President, Ramón Grau San Martín , on June 2, 1946. It was replaced in El Capitolio by

6174-419: The gradual enlargement and extension of the railway to the northern end of the city and in the same year Railway Commissioner, E. M. G. Eddy, proposed a terminal city station at the corner of Elizabeth Street and St James' Road. The route of the latter was virtually the same as that for 1879, however, the new site for the terminus included half of the northern end of Hyde Park . Although 6 hectares (16 acres) of

6272-399: The intersection with the Alameda del Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins , the capital's main avenue. (Coordinates: 33°26′46″S 70°39′39″W  /  33.4462°S 70.6607°W  / -33.4462; -70.6607 .) China Railway 's kilometre zero is at the entrance to the Fengtai Yard on the Beijing–Guangzhou railway just outside its capital Beijing . This point was historically

6370-411: The level of Prince Alfred Park." In early 1902, the design of the terminus building was changed yet again, at the request of the "Board of Experts" advising on the design of Central that "the station building has been increased in height by one storey, and considerably in length of front, and an east wing added. A tower also of fine proportions has been included. The completed building consequently shows

6468-400: The level of detail and materials varied considerably. The first station building was extended almost immediately, a shed being constructed at the southern end to cover an additional 30 metres (100 ft) of platform. When the station became inadequate for the traffic it carried, a new station was built in 1874 on the same site and was also called Sydney Terminal. The Second Sydney Terminal

6566-417: The main building. The Liverpool riot of 1916 , sometimes called the "battle of Central station", took place after soldiers rebelling against camp conditions had raided hotels in Liverpool and travelled to the city by commandeered trains. Upon arrival at Central station, the rioters set about destroying the station facilities, and fire was exchanged between rampaging rioters and military police . One rioter

6664-468: The new road in front of the Station, also for the Devonshire-Street subway and for the whole of the basement floors, including drainage, telephone tunnels, &c." At this stage, the estimated cost of the works was 561,600 pounds, however, it was "probable that his estimate will be exceeded". The necessary tramway deviations, 2.75 miles (4.43 km) of track, were laid in 1901–02 using day labour. The track consisted of rails laid on sleepers. The curve and

6762-407: The new station appears to have been designed on a grand scale, from the great elevated approaches down to the system of handling luggage underground." It is listed on the NSW State Heritage Register and the now defunct Register of the National Estate . Henry Deane, in a lecture given to the Sydney University Engineering Society in 1902, describes the layout of the Central Railway Station that

6860-426: The poles were manufactured by local engineering firms including Clyde Engineering Co. The Permanent Way (i.e. track) was imported either from England or America. The construction of the first stage of the station began in June 1902 and was completed in August 1906. By 30 June 1903 the following works had been completed: ... the total quantity earth removed is about 250,500 cubic yards. This has been used to level up

6958-461: The present Redfern Station was officially called "Eveleigh". Although called "Redfern Station", the first and second Sydney Terminals were never actually located in Redfern, being to the north of Cleveland Street, which is Redfern 's northern boundary. The first and second station buildings were both in the form of a shed which covered the main line. A photograph of the exterior of the first station taken in 1871 shows vertical boarding, windows with

7056-468: The question of the design and arrangements of the station". The members included Walter Liberty Vernon , both of the chief engineers of the New South Wales railway (for railway construction and existing lines respectively), and the chief engineers of the Queensland and Victorian railways. The committee also considered a suitable design for the new Flinders Street station in Melbourne . The design for

7154-481: The rail terminus tended to be located within the inner core of the city. The site of the first and second station termini was inconveniently located for the city. Initially, a horse-bus service operated from the station to the city and both the engineer-in-chief, John Whitton , and the Chief Commissioner for Railways, B. H. Martindale, recognised the urgency of a city rail extension. In 1877, John Young,

7252-447: The remains to a cemetery of their choosing, however, the majority of bodies removed were relocated, at government expense, to the new cemetery at La Perouse. The Belmore Park to Fort Macquarie Electric Tramway was also constructed in 1900–1901. The earlier brick and sandstone design, with a mansard roof, was abandoned in favour of an all sandstone terminus building which largely incorporated the same passenger, tram and vehicle separation as

7350-456: The site for the new station and the extension of the railway, owing to the necessity of removing the bodies from the old cemetery and providing a new cemetery to receive the remains, as well as the demolition of the buildings and disposal of the material. The work of clearing and levelling is now well in hand." "Private removals were commenced on the 29th of February 1901 and at the end of the year 1,145 bodies had been removed." Families could remove

7448-495: The spoil excavated for the foundations". A more detailed account is given of the excavation: "the excavation to the docks and main building containing some 80,000 cubic yards, has been taken out and the material removed to Belmore Park, where it forms the tramway embankments and raises the general level of the park. About 30,000 cubic yards of material from the Castlereagh-street cutting have been utilised in improving

7546-633: The start of the line; the marker is a simple concrete marker, with "0" painted on it. There is no ceremonial plaque. The kilometre zero point for highways is at Tiananmen Square , just outside the Zhengyangmen Gate. It is marked with a plaque in the ground, with the four cardinal points, four animals, and "Zero Point of Highways, China" in English and Chinese. Cuba 's kilometre zero is in its capital Havana in El Capitolio . Embedded in

7644-406: The station site as required. Belmore Park has been raised to carry the tramways to the station... The Sports Grounds Moore Park (cycling ground) have been formed and the best of the clay had been disposed of to Messrs. Goodlet & Smith at their brickworks ... The whole of the foundations to the main buildings have been taken out and concreted. On 21st July, 1902, the first order for building stone

7742-441: The station. Cabs will enter the station from Devonshire Street. The exit for cabs will lead into Pitt Street by an inclined ramp and subway, thus avoiding any crossing on the level of the path of either pedestrians or tramcars. The main approach to the station will be opposite the intersection of George and Pitt Street, and foot passengers, and cabs and other vehicles will enter here. Departure for vehicles will be effected by means of

7840-501: The third station was located one block further north, it linked up with the southern side of Belmore Park. The park then fortuitously provided a green foil to the commanding city front of the station. In 1902, the Railway and Tramway Construction Branch, headed by Henry Deane, reported that "plans and detail drawings have been prepared in the office for the whole of the retaining wall and shops in Pitt-Street, both north and south of

7938-475: The west, Eddy Avenue in the north, Elizabeth Street in the east and the Devonshire Street Tunnel in the south. Parts of the station and marshalling yards extend as far south as Cleveland Street , and are located on the site of the former Devonshire Street Cemetery . There have been three terminal stations in Sydney. The railway arrived in New South Wales in 1831. Proposals began in

8036-568: The wishes of the minister that "the building should be a monumental work of stateliness and beauty". An early proposal for the new terminus, and the changes to the surrounding area, were reported in the Sydney Mail in 1901: One of the reforms to be incidentally effected will be the widening of Pitt Street near the railway to 100ft. The width will secured by taking in land on the right already resumed or in Government hands, and including

8134-546: The year. All the old buildings and human remains have been removed from the site and the foundation stone was laid at the corner of Pitt-street and the New Belmore road on the 30th April. The information of New-Street, 2 chains in width, the extension of Castlereagh-street and the widening of Hay and Elizabeth Streets is well forward. The levelling of the whole site is practically finished, and great improvements have been made to Belmore and Prince Alfred Parks by filling in with

8232-628: The zero point used to be at St. Thomas Cathedral , but now it is at the Horniman Circle . In Chennai , kilometre zero is at the midpoint of Muthuswamy Bridge on Muthuswamy Road near the Chennai Fort railway station on the south-western side of Fort St. George . {{{annotations}}} In Iran , the Azadi Tower in its capital Tehran serves as the kilometre zero. In Ireland , distances from its capital Dublin are measured from

8330-419: Was a more substantial brick station building, initially with two platforms. The second station building was constructed on the site of the first station, the main hall spanning the up and down mainlines. Separate platforms and facilities were provided for arriving and departing passengers. The new station building appears to have taken three years to complete: the drawings are dated 1871, while the official opening

8428-408: Was a temporary timber and corrugated iron building, constructed rapidly in late August to early September 1855, in time for the opening of the line to Parramatta for passenger trains. This station (one wooden platform in a corrugated iron shed), called "Sydney Terminal", had Devonshire Street as its northern boundary. It was frequently but unofficially called "Redfern Station", while at that time,

8526-604: Was attempted, Selfe's proposal is recalled in the Elizabeth Street ramp which was built in 1925 to allow the extension of an electric connection to the city. The park, needless to say, was never raised to the height of the assembly platform. The Elizabeth Street façade of the Sydney Terminus has received less attention. Facing the working class terraces in Surry Hills , the eastern wing was finished in brick rather than stone when shortage of funds hurried completion of

8624-849: Was built on a site previously occupied by the Devonshire Street Cemetery , South Sydney Morgue, the Convent of the Good Samaritan, the Sydney Female Refuge, police barracks and superintendent's residence (on Pitt Street), Christ Church Parsonage, the Benevolent Asylum (fronting Railway Square), a steam train depot (at the corner of Pitt Street with Garden Road), as well as some residential properties on Railway Place. The convent, female refuge and police barracks were all original part of "Carters Barracks", built in 1819 to house convict gangs working as carters on

8722-539: Was called upon to furnish voluminous plans and estimates of the cost of the various proposals brought before the commission. After a most exhaustive investigation, the Royal Commission reported, almost unanimously, in favour of the extension of the railway into the city by the route and according to the plan as described as the St James Road Scheme". In 1897, Norman Selfe drew up a scheme for

8820-399: Was cheaper and less contentious than the acquisition of Hyde Park. It was the second scheme which was eventually adopted. The earlier schemes to extend the lines further into the city would have been prohibitively expensive and would have required large scale resumptions. The site of the Old Burial ground was, in comparison, relatively easily obtainable as no private land was involved. Due to

8918-403: Was created (in the former refreshment room, now the railway bar). Murals depicting railway scenes lined the walls and a terrazzo map of Australia was installed on the floor. In October 1980 a modernisation program at the Sydney Terminal commenced. The objective of the work was to improve the facilities for both passenger convenience and comfort. The start of this modernisation program coincided with

9016-567: Was currently under construction: In his lecture, he also discusses many of the technical aspects of the design including luggage handling, the lifts, the water towers, the train shed roof, which was subsequently deleted as a cost-cutting measure, the platforms and signalling. A novel method of luggage handling was designed for Central to "get rid of the objectionable luggage-trolley, which is always frightening nervous people". An overhead luggage carrying system had been developed in England, however, in

9114-620: Was erected by the British Raj , and consists of four horses and a pillar made of sandstone. There is no verifiable evidence that it is a monument locating the geographical centre of colonial India in the city of Nagpur, or that the Zero Mile Stone was erected by the British to use this point to measure all the distances. Incidentally, the city of Nagpur lies geographically central to all the four major metros of India, viz. Chennai , Mumbai , Kolkata and New Delhi . In Mumbai ,

9212-449: Was given to Mr Saunders, at Pyrmont Quarry. On the 6th of August Inspector Murray went to Pyrmont Quarry to arrange for starting work dressing stone. On the 7th August eleven masons started work, and on the 18th the first dressed stone was landed on the works from Pyrmont Quarry and was set in place on No. 3 Pier, arrival bridge, on the 19th August; and since that date 127,000 cubic feet have been built into place. This stone has been used in

9310-422: Was in 1874. The second station, like the first, was constructed to allow for a future extension of the line into the city, the lines initially extending just far enough past the building to accommodate a steam locomotive. John Whitton, the engineer-in-chief, designed a neo-classical station building to be constructed of brick, with the decorative detail formed using polychromatic and relief work. Almost immediately

9408-414: Was officially opened on 4 August 1906 and opening for passengers on 5 August 1906. During Governor Macquarie 's term, the future site of the Sydney Terminal was beyond the limits of settlement, which were marked by the tollhouse located at the end of George Street and at the entrance to Railway Square . Central station was designed by the government architect, Walter Liberty Vernon . The new station

9506-468: Was shot dead and several were injured. The only remaining evidence of the gun battle is a small bullet-hole in the marble by the entrance to platform 1. This incident had a direct influence on the introduction of 6 o'clock closing of hotels in 1916, which lasted in New South Wales until 1955. The original proposal for electrification was for the North Shore line , from Hornsby to Milsons Point ,

9604-525: Was to be continuous. This truss and roof configuration was to be based on that of the Union Station, St Louis , visited by Deane in 1894. Such a roof would have rivalled those of the major metropolitan termini in Europe and America. The platform area was to be double that of the earlier station and correspondingly double the number of passengers could be accommodated. The maximum number of passengers that

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