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37-461: Romito may refer to: Romito Cave , a natural limestone cave in the Lao Valley of Pollino National Park, Calabria, Italy Il Romito , a village of the comune of Pontedera, Province of Pisa, Tuscany, Italy Felipe Romito (1893-1962), Argentine singer Tommaso Romito (born 1982), Italian footballer See also [ edit ] Romiti ,

74-462: A huge outdoor terrace, usually shaded by grape and flowering vines. In Homer 's epic poem, the Odyssey , Aeolus , son of Hippotes , was the divine keeper of the winds and king of the mythical, floating island of Aeolia. He kept the violent winds locked safely away inside the interior of his isle, releasing them only at the command of greatest gods to wreak devastation upon the world. The hero of

111-740: A rumour appeared in international newspapers that the Aeolian Islands had been "swallowed up by the sea" during a time of volcanic activity. While communication with the islands was interrupted for a time, they were not otherwise inconvenienced. During World War II , all of the Aeolian Islands were captured by the Allies in August 1943, during the invasion of Sicily . The islands were then extensively searched by archeologists Madeleine Cavalier and Luigi Bernabò Brea after World War II . The Aeolian Islands were listed by UNESCO in 2000 as

148-442: A surname Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Romito . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romito&oldid=899191752 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

185-427: Is Lipari (37.5 km  [14.5 sq mi]), followed by Salina (26.8 km  [10.3 sq mi]), Vulcano (21.2 km  [8.2 sq mi]), Stromboli (12.6 km  [4.9 sq mi]), Filicudi (9.5 km  [3.7 sq mi]) and Alicudi (5.2 km  [2.0 sq mi]). The smallest island, at 3.4 km (1.3 sq mi), is Panarea. The highest elevation of

222-522: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Romito Cave The Grotta del Romito was discovered by Agostino Miglio, then director of the Town Museum in Castrovillari in spring of 1961, who had received curious information from several local people. Excavations started in the summer of 1962 under the direction of Paolo Graziosi of

259-701: Is graced with a number of curiously shaped speleothems and prehistoric graffiti. Excavations in an enlarged trench performed in 2000, 2002, 2003 and 2007 exposed a long sequence of strata that forms seven main archaeological units (A–N) with episodes of intensive human occupation. The succession ranges from the Middle and Late Gravettian (units L-I-H-G) to the Early Epigravettian (unit F), Middle Epigravettian (lower unit E) and Late Epigravettian (upper unit E and units D-C-B). These cultural stages occurred between 26,000 and 10,000 years ago. Deposits near

296-535: Is said around 9,000 of the 10,000 citizens of Lipari were captured and enslaved although a couple of more recent scholars have questioned this number arguing for a lower population at the time of Barbarossa. A number of citizens were ransomed in Messina and returned to the islands but most of those captured never returned. Only after the tragedy did the Spanish authorities turn their attention to Lipari and repopulate

333-503: The Adriatic Sea . During the first excavations three graves were found, 9,200 years old and each containing a couple of human beings, placed in epipaleolithic layers. One grave was found inside the cave, the other two underneath the adjacent rock shelter near the bull-engraved stone. The specimens were named Romito 1 - 6 and all were between 15 and 25 years old and not taller than 1.5 m (5 ft). P. Graziosi discovered

370-603: The Byzantine Empire . According to a Christian legend, in 264 a coffin which contained the body of Bartholomew washed up on the beach of Lipari, with the result that Bartholomew was immediately elected the patron saint of the Aeolian Islands. In 836 the Aghlabids of Ziyadat Allah I of Ifriqiya sacked Lipari, massacred most of the population, enslaved the survivors and annexed the Liparian Islands into

407-930: The Carthaginians against Rome during the Punic Wars . Although the Battle of the Lipari Islands in 260 BC led to a Carthaginian victory, the Romans later sacked Lipari and their domination led to a period of poverty. At the fall of the Western Roman Empire , the Aeolian Islands came under the sway of the Visigoths , the Vandals and the Ostrogoths , followed by the domination of

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444-641: The Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of Sicily from the Emirate of Sicily in 1061 resulted in the annexation of the islands. Roger II of Sicily sent the Benedictine monks to Lipari , which gave rise to considerable development on the islands. A cathedral dedicated to Saint Bartholomew was built, as well as the Benedictine monastery in the castle. In 1208 Frederick II of Swabia acceded to

481-543: The Lipari Islands or Lipari group ( / ˈ l ɪ p ə r i / LIP -ə-ree , Italian: [ˈliːpari] ) after their largest island , are a volcanic archipelago in the Tyrrhenian Sea north of Sicily , said to be named after Aeolus , the mythical ruler of the winds. The islands' inhabitants are known as Aeolians (Italian: Eoliani ). The islands had a permanent population of 14,224 at

518-462: The University of Florence . The Archaeological Park contains a small museum that presents the documentation and ongoing research. The site consists of two distinct areas: an outer former rock shelter or overhang with a length of 34 m (112 ft) and the inner cave, embedded into the limestone formation with a length of 20 m (66 ft) and accessible via a narrow tunnel. The interior

555-417: The 2011 census; the latest official estimate is 15,419 as of 1 January 2019. The Aeolian Islands are a popular tourist destination in the summer and attract up to 600,000 visitors annually. There are seven significant islands: Lipari , Vulcano , Salina , Stromboli , Filicudi , Alicudi and Panarea , and a set of minor islands and rocks. The Aeolian Islands are 30 to 80 kilometres (19 to 50 mi) off

592-583: The Aeolian Islands were occupied by the Ausones led by Liparus . Liparus was succeeded by Aeolus whose house, according to the Odyssey by Homer , gave hospitality to Odysseus . In 580 BC, Greeks exiled from Rhodes and Knidos landed at Lipari and began a period of Greek domination , which was known for acts of piracy against Etruscan and Phoenician shipping. There was production of vases and other ceramics . The islanders were allies of

629-421: The Aeolian Islands were visited by Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria —a friend of the islands and also a man with a profound knowledge of the archipelago. Between the years 1893–96 he published a work of eight volumes on the Aeolian Islands. In August 1888, the crater named Fossa on Vulcano erupted and caused many deaths in the sulphur mines . The eruptions continued for 19 months. On New Year's Day in 1909,

666-443: The Aeolian Islands, together with Ustica and a series of submarine volcanoes named Magnani, Vavilov, Marsili and Palinuro , as well as two that are unnamed. The present shape of the Aeolian Islands is the result of volcanic activity over a period of 260,000 years. There are two active volcanoes – Stromboli and Vulcano . Steaming fumaroles and thermal waters are on most of the islands. The volcanic activity has also left

703-663: The French fleet without resistance, and in return obtained various commercial and fiscal benefits. In the mid-15th century, Naples and Palermo united into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies under the crown of Alfonso V of Aragon . On June 30, 1544, a fleet of 180 Ottoman vessels under the command of the corsair Hayreddin Barbarossa occupied Lipari and laid siege to the castle. The defenders surrendered. Historically, it

740-477: The Lipari Islands is Monte Fossa delle Felci  [ it ] on Salina, which reaches a height of 962 m (3,156 ft). The seven Aeolian Islands, covering an area of 1,600 km (620 sq mi), originated in the Tyrrhenian Basin , a great plain at the bottom of the Tyrrhenian Sea . Emissions of lava from depths of up to 3,600 m (11,800 ft) resulted in the formation of

777-490: The chest, head and part of the back. On the opposite end of the shelter sits another engraved boulder, covered with numerous linear signs. Both engraving are dated to between 14,000 and 12,000 BP. The presence of large quantities of obsidian in a Neolithic layer suggests that the site was an intermediate base for the obsidian trade - that originated in the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea to be transferred to

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814-474: The city with Sicilian, Calabrian and Spanish families. The city walls and houses were rebuilt and an Aeolian fleet was constructed which was able to successfully defend the Tyrrhenian Sea from the Ottomans. In 1693, an earthquake destroyed all the towns in eastern Sicily, causing around 60,000 deaths. After the population invoked the protection of Saint Bartholomew during prayers in the cathedral , there

851-428: The diminutive remains of Romito 2 that turned out to be the earliest known case of dwarfism in the human skeletal record. The specimen, known as Romito 2 , exhibits features typical of acromesomelic dysplasia . Romito 2 was characterized by unusually short forearms and lower legs, resulting in a rather short stature. Abnormal cartilage and bone development also affected other bones of the body, particularly those of

888-414: The entrance are about 8 m (26 ft) thick and consist of clastic sediments. Palaeolithic deposits, up to 6 m (20 ft) thick, underlie the middle Holocene layers, around 2 m (6.6 ft) thick and contain Middle and Late Neolithic pottery. Locally derived rock blocks up to 4 m (13 ft) in size rest on the talus slope in front of, and below, the entrance, indicating that there

925-534: The epic poem, Odysseus , on his travels to return home from Troy , visited Aiolos' isle and was entrusted with a bag containing all of the winds to ensure a safe voyage home. However, during the trip, the hero's companions opened the bag and the escaping winds carried their ship all the way back to Aiolos' shore. The first evidence of Sicilian migration was in Lipari ( Castellaro Vecchio culture  [ it ] ). The manufacture and commerce of obsidian objects

962-431: The hands and feet. There was likely a limited extension of the elbows and arms and progressively abnormal curvature of the spine. Besides providing evidence for a greater antiquity of dwarfism than previously known, the fact that this individual reached late adolescence attests to tolerance of Upper Paleolithic groups for severely abnormal individuals and their ability to support members who were of limited economic value to

999-619: The islands except Salina comprise the commune of Lipari within that province; Salina forms three separate communes: Malfa , Leni and Santa Marina Salina . Curbing urban development has been a key in preserving the Aeolian islands in a natural state. New buildings are severely restricted. Existing residences can be bought and restored but they must be constructed to resemble its whitewashed houses. Traditional houses consist of modular cubes constructed from indigenous building materials like stone, lava, pumice, and tufo. Almost all houses have

1036-530: The islands with a very fertile soil that is beneficial in the growth of natural flora . Geologically the archipelago is defined as a volcanic arc . The origin of the Aeolian Islands is due to movement of the Earth's crust as a result of plate tectonics . The African continental shelf is in constant movement towards Europe . Its subduction underneath the Eurasian plate generates magma , which rises to

1073-531: The mouth of the cave to the west and is engraved on three different levels of profiles. The stylistic scope is characteristic of the Mediterranean and the design of perfect proportions. The feeling of force transmitted from the overall design of the figure and the careful handling of the anatomical details amounts to the highest expression of Paleolithic realism in the region. In front of the rock another bovine figure has been cut, much more subtly, showing only

1110-584: The north coast of Sicily in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Vulcano is located closest to the Sicilian coast. Lipari and Salina follow to the north, Filicudi and Alicudi to the west, and Panarea and Stromboli to the northeast. In addition to these seven inhabited islands, there are a number of smaller, uninhabited islands and rocky cliffs, such as Basiluzzo , Strombolicchio , Dattilo  [ it ] and Lisca Bianca  [ it ] . The largest island

1147-496: The remains of the ex-penitentiary in the castle. However, not long after, the castle was converted to accommodate anti-Fascist political prisoners in enforced exile. Liparians fraternised with these exiles until the Allies ' liberation. After the war, the same room that had housed the opponents of Fascism became the Aeolian Archaeological Museum  [ it ] . Towards the end of the 19th century,

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1184-494: The social group. To date, nine intact, well preserved burials have been recovered from stratigraphic layers dating from ca. 18,000 to 11,000 BP, the majority of burials corresponding to a period of climatic amelioration from ca. 15,000 to 13,000 cal BP (Final Epigravettian). Aeolian Islands The Aeolian Islands ( / iː ˈ oʊ l i ən / ee- OH -lee-ən ; Italian : Isole Eolie [ˈiːzole eˈɔːlje] ; Sicilian : Ìsuli Eoli ), sometimes referred to as

1221-462: The surface to form the volcanoes . The "Aeolian Arc" extends for more than 140 km (87 mi). It is a section of a larger area of geological instability across the Mediterranean region, caused by the collision of Africa and Europe , which includes Sicily , Calabria , and Campania together with Greece and the Aegean islands . The islands form part of the Sicilian province of Messina . All

1258-635: The throne of the Kingdom of Sicily . The period of prosperity which followed, ended with the domination of the Angevins and the rebellion of the Sicilians which culminated in the revolt of the Sicilian Vespers . The Aeolians however, remained loyal to Charles of Anjou , and commercial links were established with Naples , the capital of the Angevin kingdom. In 1337 Lipari opened its gates to

1295-690: Was highly developed until the introduction of metals . During the Bronze Age , the Aeolians prospered by means of maritime commerce in an area which extended from Mycenae to the British Isles , from where tin was imported. Villages on the Aeolian islands flourished on Capo Graziano (Filicudi), Castello (Lipari), Serro dei Cianfi (Salina), Capo Milazzese (Panarea), and Portella (Salina). All these settlements were destroyed by new Italic invasions in 1250 BC. According to Diodorus Siculus ,

1332-589: Was not a single victim on the Aeolian Islands. The economic conditions of the islands improved greatly during the 17th century with agricultural progress ( malvasia grapes), capers , and a variety of fruit, vegetables and fishing). With the Bourbons came the introduction of criminal and political prisoners to the islands. In 1916, the penal colony was closed, but the Fascist regime unsuccessfully tried to reopen it in 1926. The island population reacted by pulling down

1369-502: Was originally an overhang that later collapsed. Deposits of human occupation contain numerous bones and stone tools, rounded out of size-exogenous pebbles and abundant charcoal detritus which is related to fireplaces. About fifty discovered pottery shards are evidence for occupation of the cave during the Neolithic/Iron Age transition. The bull, an Aurochs ( Bos primigenius ) is about 1.2 m (4 ft) long located at

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