A rural cemetery or garden cemetery is a style of cemetery that became popular in the United States and Europe in the mid-19th century due to the overcrowding and health concerns of urban cemeteries, which tended to be churchyards . Rural cemeteries were typically built 1–5 mi (1.6–8.0 km) outside of the city, far enough to be separated from the city, but close enough for visitors. They often contain elaborate monuments, memorials, and mausoleums in a landscaped park-like setting.
32-685: Not to be confused with Rosehill Cemetery . Rose Hill Cemetery may refer to: United Kingdom [ edit ] Rose Hill Cemetery, Oxford United States [ edit ] Rose Hill Cemetery (Arkadelphia, Arkansas) Rose Hill Cemetery ( Harrison, Arkansas ) Rose Hill Cemetery (Antioch, California), in the Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve Rose Hill Cemetery, Nortonville, California Rose Hill Cemetery, Commerce City, Colorado Rose Hill Cemetery (Tarpon Springs, Florida) , on
64-680: A cemetery in Kentucky Rose Hill Cemetery (Maryland) Rose Hill Cemetery, Volinia Township, Michigan Rose Hill Cemetery, Meridian, Mississippi Rose Hill Cemetery, Massillon, a cemetery in Ohio Rose Hill Cemetery ( Columbia, Tennessee ) Rose Hill Cemetery (Texarkana, Texas) See also [ edit ] Rose Hill Burial Park (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) Rose Hills Memorial Park , in Whittier, California Topics referred to by
96-483: A commercial business for the first time, replacing the practice of burying the dead in churchyards or on private farmland. One effect of the law was the development of a large concentration of cemeteries along the border between the New York City boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn , often called the "Cemetery Belt". By the 1860s, rural cemeteries could be found on the outskirts of cities and smaller towns across
128-490: A general whose troops helped Ulysses S. Grant avoid surrender in the Battle of Shiloh , Grant's first major engagement of the war. Rosehill Cemetery maintains the distinction of being the largest private burial ground of Union veterans, including 16 generals, in the state of Illinois. To honor those who fought for country and cause, Rosehill officially opened its own Civil War Museum on January 15, 1995. A monument "To Honor All
160-408: A graceful oak roof with "hammer-beam trusses and curved brackets." Civil War buffs have long been attracted to Rosehill, where approximately 350 Union soldiers and sailors and at least three Confederates who gave their lives in service are entombed. It is the final resting place for several members of the 8th Illinois Cavalry , the unit that fired the first shots in the Battle of Gettysburg , and of
192-424: A rural area outside of Quebec City, Canada, upon his first design, the highly acclaimed Green-Wood Cemetery , in what at the time was a rural section of Brooklyn . All three of Douglass' rural, garden cemeteries have been conferred a historic status, by their respective nations. Its architect, Charles Baillargé, took inspiration from Green–Wood Cemetery, as well, for his design of this garden cemetery, in what at
224-530: Is also the final resting place of 61 victims of the Iroquois Theatre fire , in which over 600 people died. Several graves, gravestones and monuments from the old City Cemetery, originally located in what is now Lincoln Park were relocated to Rosehill Cemetery. Dedicated in 1914, Rosehill Mausoleum was designed by architect Sidney Lovell . It is the largest mausoleum in Chicago and has two levels,
256-509: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rosehill Cemetery Rosehill Cemetery (founded 1859) is an American garden cemetery on the North Side of Chicago , Illinois , and at 350 acres (1.4 km ), is the largest cemetery in the City of Chicago. According to legend, the name "Rosehill" resulted from a City Clerk's error –
288-545: The Civil War and cemeteries often had the stench of decomposing corpses. After several yellow fever epidemics, many cities began to relocate cemeteries outside city limits, as it was believed to be more hygienic. As early as 1711, the architect Sir Christopher Wren advocated for the creation of burial grounds on the outskirts of town, "inclosed with a strong Brick Wall, and having a walk round, and two cross walks, decently planted with Yew-trees". An early influence on
320-942: The National Register of Historic Places for Pinellas County, Florida Rose Hill Cemetery (Macon, Georgia) , listed on the NRHP in Georgia Rose Hill Cemetery, Royston, a cemetery in Georgia Rose Hill Cemetery and Goddard Chapel , Marion, Illinois Rose Hill Cemetery, Bloomington, Indiana Rose Hill Cemetery, Elizabeth, Indiana Rose Hill Cemetery, Cain Township, Fountain County, Indiana Rose Hill Cemetery, Albion Township, Noble County, Indiana Rose Hill Cemetery, Calamus, Iowa Rose Hill Cemetery, Central City,
352-547: The Old University of Chicago , who is buried in Rosehill. The Rosehill Cemetery Administration Building and Entry Gate was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1975. Like its sister cemetery Graceland , Rosehill is the burial place of many well-known Chicagoans. The cemetery contains many monuments that are notable for their beauty and eccentricity, such as that of Lulu Fellows. The cemetery
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#1732773225501384-509: The Romantic aesthetic taste for pastoral beauty, Mount Auburn was developed as a "domesticated landscape" popularized by 19th century English landscape design. Its plan included retention of natural features like ponds and mature forests with added roads and paths that followed the natural contours of the land, as well as the planting of hundreds of native and exotic trees and plants. United States Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story delivered
416-524: The lawn cemetery . Presently, many of these historic cemeteries are designated landmarks and are cared for by non-profit organizations. David Bates Douglass , a military and civilian engineer, working in the capacity as a consulting architect, designed the landscape layout of Albany Rural Cemetery , 1845–1846. He modeled his design of the Albany Rural Cemetery, as well as his subsequent and final one, Mount Hermon Cemetery (1848), in
448-558: The Courageous Volunteer Firefighters of Chicago" was erected in Rosehill Cemetery in 1864. The monument, designed by Leonard Volk , features a vigilant fireman standing atop a tall column. A fire hose is wrapped around the base. Four old-style hydrants make up the corners of the memorial. The granite marker at the base contains the names of all firefighters killed in the line of duty. Rosehill
480-578: The Mausoleum. Other notables include Aaron Montgomery Ward , his business rival Richard Warren Sears , and John G. Shedd , philanthropist and president of Marshall Field & Company . The mausoleum has been expanded several times. Built in 1899, the Horatio N. May Chapel was designed by architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee . It is designed in a blend of Gothic and Romanesque styles, with an exterior of granite and an interior appointed with mosaic floors and
512-715: The Rural Cemetery movement was the New Burying Ground in New Haven, Connecticut (later named Grove Street Cemetery ). The New Burying Ground was established in 1796, and was the first example in the U.S. of a non-sectarian cemetery outside of church and city control in a park-like setting. In 1804, the first rural cemetery, the Père Lachaise Cemetery , opened in Paris . The new design took
544-890: The South Cemetery ( Südfriedhof ) in Kiel dates from 1869, the Riensberger Friedhof in Bremen dates from 1875, the 1881 Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde in Berlin, the 1881 Südfriedhof in Leipzig , and the Ohlsdorf Cemetery in Hamburg . The Ohlsdorf was transformed from a treeless, sandy plain into 92 acres of sculpted, wooded landscape by its first director, architect Wilhelm Cordes. In 2016 it stands as
576-751: The U.S. such as Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia , and Green-wood Cemetery in Brooklyn . Many were accompanied by dedication addresses similar to Storys', which linked the cemeteries to the mission of creating a Christian republic . In 1847, the New York State Legislature passed the Rural Cemetery Act which authorized commercial burial grounds in New York . The law led to the burial of human remains becoming
608-547: The area was previously called "Roe's Hill", named after nearby farmer Hiram Roe. He refused to sell his land to the city until it was promised that the cemetery be named in his honor. It is located in the north east section of the Lincoln Square community area. Rosehill's Joliet-limestone entrance gate (added in 1864) was designed by William W. Boyington , the architect of the Chicago Water Tower and
640-609: The cemetery out of the control of the church, using an attractive park built on a grand scale, architectural design and careful planting inspired by the English garden movement. The first rural cemetery in the United States was Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts , founded by Dr. Jacob Bigelow and Henry Dearborn of The Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1831. The City of Boston became concerned about
672-541: The country. These cemeteries were decorated with tall obelisks, spectacular mausoleums, and magnificent sculptures. By 1861, the rural cemetery movement began to decline partly due to the high cost of maintaining large landscapes but also due to the development of public parks. Many landscape designers, including Frederick Law Olmsted who designed Central Park in New York City , borrowed ideas from rural cemeteries. As more public parks opened, fewer people went to cemeteries for leisure and relaxation activities. Due to
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#1732773225501704-425: The dedication address on September 24, 1831. Mount Auburn also began the practice of allowing the purchase of family plots large enough to allow the burial of several generations of a single family. Mount Auburn quickly grew as a popular site for both burials and public recreation, attracting locals as well as tourists from across the country and Europe. Mount Auburn inspired dozens of other rural cemeteries across
736-474: The early 19th century, urban burial grounds were generally sectarian and located on small plots and churchyards within cities. With the rapid increase in urban populations due to the Industrial Revolution , urban cemeteries became unhealthily overcrowded with graves stacked upon each other, or emptied and reused for newer burials. The practice of embalming did not become popular until after
768-503: The health hazards caused by decomposing corpses in cemeteries in the middle of the city. A citizens' group led by Bigelow pulled together residents to discuss the design and location of a cemetery outside city limits. The search for a site took six years and land was eventually purchased on a farm known as Sweet Auburn along the Charles River about four miles from Boston. Coinciding with the growing popularity of horticulture and
800-413: The lower level being partially underground. The interior is constructed almost entirely of marble. The floors are Italian Carrara marble . There are many small family-owned rooms with heavy bronze gates. Some of these private rooms feature stained glass windows designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany among other artists. Richard B. Ogilvie , Governor of Illinois, is entombed near the ceiling in the west part of
832-472: The nineteenth century. Images of hope and immortality were popular in rural cemeteries in contrast to the puritanical pessimism depicted in earlier cemeteries. Statues and memorials included depictions of angels and cherubs as well as botanical motifs such as ivy representing memory, oak leaves for immortality, poppies for sleep and acorns for life. From their inception, the new cemeteries were intended as civic institutions designed for public use. Before
864-474: The north western edge of Rosehill Cemetery. The park land, which was once part of the cemetery, features 20.585 acres of restored woodland, native plants, boardwalks, a 4.5 acre pond, a multipurpose trail around the park with elevated overlooks, educational and interpretive signage for easy identification of plantings, fishing stations and wildlife viewing opportunities. Garden cemetery The rural cemetery movement mirrored changing attitudes toward death in
896-433: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rose Hill Cemetery . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rose_Hill_Cemetery&oldid=1192845545 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
928-477: The scale of death caused by the American Civil War (almost 2% the U.S. population died in the war), the U.S. government outsourced many burials to privately owned rural cemeteries. Since family plot owners could do as they wished with their lots, rural cemeteries that began as orderly and scenic ended up as cluttered and unkempt. Rural cemeteries began to fade out of popularity and were replaced by
960-711: The time was the rural outskirts of the city of Québec. The development of the American movement paralleled the creation of the landscaped cemeteries in England , with Mount Auburn inspiring the design of London 's first non-denominational cemetery at Abney Park (1840), one of the Magnificent Seven cemeteries . Among the first of the Parkfriedhof established in German-speaking Europe,
992-543: The widespread development of public parks , the rural cemetery provided a place for the general public to enjoy outdoor recreation amidst art and sculpture previously available only for the wealthy. The popularity of rural cemeteries decreased toward the end of the 19th century due to the high cost of maintenance, development of true public parks and perceived disorderliness of appearance arising from independent ownership of family burial plots and different grave markers. Lawn cemeteries became instead an attractive design. In
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1024-631: Was featured in the film Next of Kin (1989). The funeral scene in Backdraft (1991) takes place at the Volunteer Firefighter's Monument at Rosehill, but was actually filmed elsewhere using a replica of this monument. Lulu Fellowes (the girl in the glass box) also appeared in the film U.S. Marshals (1998). In 2015, the Chicago Park District Park No. 568 – West Ridge Nature Preserve was established along
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