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29-467: The 1935 Soviet master plan of Moscow called for demolition of Zaryadye , the historic district of Moscow, clearing space for the Industry Building ( Narkomtiazhprom ) and its riverside ramps. This project did not materialize as planned. The first round of destruction (1936) cleared the blocks adjacent to Moscow Kremlin for the ramps of Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge . This was followed by

58-707: A cancelled skyscraper project, the Zaryadye Administrative Building , which would have been the eighth of what are now referred to as the "Seven Sisters" . One of the prerequisites for the construction of the new tourist complex in Moscow was to address the lack of hotel rooms. This became especially important after the construction of the State Kremlin Palace . The projected hotel had to accommodate not only tourists but also congress delegates and participants of congresses. In 1956,

87-560: A century, Zaryadye was the location of Moscow's garment industry , a backyard of the wealthy Kitai-gorod. Since 1826, Glebovskoye Podvorye (Глебовское подворье), an inn in Zaryadye, was the hub of Moscow's Jewish community. Jews were allowed free settlement in the city in 1856, and preferred settling nearby, in Zaryadye. By 1891, Moscow housed an estimated 35,000 Jews, at least half of them settled in Zaryadye (the first synagogue opened in 1891 two blocks north-east). After 1918, with

116-504: A century, Zaryadye was the location of Moscow's garment industry , a backyard of the wealthy Kitai-gorod. Since 1826, Glebovskoye Podvorye (Глебовское подворье), an inn in Zaryadye, was the hub of Moscow's Jewish community. Jews were allowed free settlement in the city in 1856, and preferred settling nearby, in Zaryadye. By 1891, Moscow housed an estimated 35,000 Jews, at least half of them settled in Zaryadye (the first synagogue opened in 1891 two blocks north-east). After 1918, with

145-546: A courtyard. Due to the difference in relief between Varvarka Street and Moskvoretskaya Embankment , three of the four buildings were built on a high stylobate . The architecture of the Rossiya Hotel is close to the international style . The facades of the buildings were characterised by light cladding and the clear rhythm of the windows trimmed with aluminium. The stylobate of the building was covered with brown polished granite.  The architectural dominant feature of

174-451: A major fire in the building killed 42 and injured 50. The high death and injury rate was exacerbated because the hotel had very few exits, a design intended to make it difficult for guests to enter or exit unseen by the hotel staff. The hotel complex occupied 13 hectares and was built on the finished foundation of an unfinished high-rise. In terms Rossiya Hotel was a closed rectangle of 250 by 150 meters, formed by four 12-storey buildings with

203-670: Is a historical district in Moscow established in the 12th or 13th century within Kitai-gorod , between Varvarka Street and the Moskva River . The name means "the place behind the rows", i.e., behind the market rows adjacent to Red Square . Zaryadye is the oldest trading settlement outside the Kremlin walls. The first chronicle notice is dated 1365, when a fire destroyed the area. Fires continued in 1390, 1468, 1493, 1547; in 1451,

232-444: Is a historical district in Moscow established in the 12th or 13th century within Kitai-gorod , between Varvarka Street and the Moskva River . The name means "the place behind the rows", i.e., behind the market rows adjacent to Red Square . Zaryadye is the oldest trading settlement outside the Kremlin walls. The first chronicle notice is dated 1365, when a fire destroyed the area. Fires continued in 1390, 1468, 1493, 1547; in 1451,

261-483: The Rossiya Hotel was built on this site. The demolition of the hotel was completed in 2007 and a new urban park, Zaryadye Park , was opened on the site of the former hotel in 2017. Spared historical buildings include: 55°45′05″N 37°37′44″E  /  55.7513°N 37.629°E  / 55.7513; 37.629 Zaryadye Zaryadye (Russian: Зарядье , IPA: [zɐˈrʲædʲje] )

290-528: The 2-story buildings on Moskvoretskaya Street, right next to the bridge, and the Kitai-gorod wall facing the river. According to P. V. Sytin, the historical church of St. Anna and other relics had to be disassembled and rebuilt in the Kolomenskoye park; this did not materialize. The site was left vacant for over 15 years. A third round, in the 1960s, cleared these buildings near the bridge. In 1967,

319-408: The 2-story buildings on Moskvoretskaya Street, right next to the bridge, and the Kitai-gorod wall facing the river. According to P. V. Sytin, the historical church of St. Anna and other relics had to be disassembled and rebuilt in the Kolomenskoye park; this did not materialize. The site was left vacant for over 15 years. A third round, in the 1960s, cleared these buildings near the bridge. In 1967,

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348-532: The Architecture and Planning Department of Moscow approved the task of building the hotel complex, proposed by architect Dmitry Chechulin and engineers N. D. Vishnevsky and A. N. Gorbatko. In 1958, Chechulin went on trips to London and Paris to see the best examples of hotel architecture, as well as consulting with representatives of the American company Hilton . In 1960, the plan for the hotel in Moscow

377-410: The auditorium were made in light colours. The auditorium could be transformed: it could be inclined or horizontally. A direct translation system in eight languages was installed in the seats. The Concert Hall could be used for projections and films. In addition, restaurants and VIP lounges, a library, a hairdresser's and other businesses were also accommodated within the hotel complex. The basement part of

406-406: The blocks adjacent to Moscow Kremlin for the ramps of Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge . This was followed by the destruction of most of Zaryadye in 1947, clearing the ground for the skyscraper designed by Dmitry Chechulin . This project was cancelled at the foundation stage. A 1947 postcard shows that, in addition to the existing row of churches on Varvarka Street, this round of demolition spared

435-406: The blocks adjacent to Moscow Kremlin for the ramps of Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge . This was followed by the destruction of most of Zaryadye in 1947, clearing the ground for the skyscraper designed by Dmitry Chechulin . This project was cancelled at the foundation stage. A 1947 postcard shows that, in addition to the existing row of churches on Varvarka Street, this round of demolition spared

464-576: The building was the 23-storey Northern Tower, which crowned the northern façade. The southern façade faced Moskvoretskaya Embankment and was divided by a promenade. On November 5, 1971, the Rossiya Central Concert Hall for 2.5 thousand seats was opened in the south building. The internal decoration of the Hall used traditional combinations of Russian palace architecture: white marble, bronze and precious wood. The stage and parterre of

493-519: The building, the perimeter of which occupied two or three floors, contained the lobbies and passages to the courtyard. Terraces, external stairs and building ramps adjoined the basement. Underneath the hotel were military facilities, such as a bunker which could have been used as a bomb shelter. The Rossiya Hotel closed on January 1, 2006. Dismantling of the building began in March 2006 for a planned entertainment complex which would have been loosely based on

522-515: The collapse of traditional small businesses due to the October Revolution , Zaryadye tenants relocated to the remote workers' neighborhoods. The properties were taken over by state offices. The 1935 Soviet master plan of Moscow called for demolition of Zaryadye, clearing space for the Industry Building ( Narkomtiazhprom ) and its riverside ramps. This project did not materialize as planned. The first round of destruction (1936) cleared

551-447: The collapse of traditional small businesses due to the October Revolution , Zaryadye tenants relocated to the remote workers' neighborhoods. The properties were taken over by state offices. The 1935 Soviet master plan of Moscow called for demolition of Zaryadye, clearing space for the Industry Building ( Narkomtiazhprom ) and its riverside ramps. This project did not materialize as planned. The first round of destruction (1936) cleared

580-882: The design of the old Zaryadye district. The project was to be overseen by British architect Sir Norman Foster and would have included a new, two thousand-room hotel with apartments and a parking garage. In October 2006, the Supreme Arbitration Court cancelled the results of a tender to reconstruct the Rossiya hotel near the Kremlin. The hotel's site remained vacant until 2013, when it was announced that Zaryadye Park would be developed there. The park opened in November 2017. 55°45′05″N 37°37′44″E  /  55.75139°N 37.62889°E  / 55.75139; 37.62889 Zaryadye Zaryadye (Russian: Зарядье , IPA: [zɐˈrʲædʲje] )

609-432: The destruction of most of Zaryadye in 1947, clearing the ground for the skyscraper designed by Dmitry Chechulin . This project was cancelled at the foundation stage. A 1947 postcard shows that, in addition to the existing row of churches on Varvarka Street, this round of demolition spared the 2-story buildings on Moskvoretskaya Street, next to the bridge, and the Kitai-gorod wall facing the river. According to P. V. Sytin,

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638-452: The fire was set by Tatar raiders. Zaryadye's Main Street (Великая улица), later called Mokrinsky Lane (Мокринский переулок), connected Kremlin with the docks and warehouses on Moskva River; some sources call it the first street of Moscow outside Kremlin walls. In 1536–1538, the walls of Kitai-gorod fortress separated Zaryadye from the river; access to the river was possible only through

667-399: The fire was set by Tatar raiders. Zaryadye's Main Street (Великая улица), later called Mokrinsky Lane (Мокринский переулок), connected Kremlin with the docks and warehouses on Moskva River; some sources call it the first street of Moscow outside Kremlin walls. In 1536–1538, the walls of Kitai-gorod fortress separated Zaryadye from the river; access to the river was possible only through

696-487: The gates in the south-western and south-eastern corners of the neighborhood. The businesses changed their logistics pattern, walking away from river trade to supplies by land. The population of traders became more and more diluted by craftsmen and court servants. Peter I 's reforms struck two blows at Zaryadye. Firstly, when the court relocated to Saint Petersburg , the area lost tenants, and many businesses closed. Secondly, Peter's rampart, built between Kitai-gorod wall and

725-487: The gates in the south-western and south-eastern corners of the neighborhood. The businesses changed their logistics pattern, walking away from river trade to supplies by land. The population of traders became more and more diluted by craftsmen and court servants. Peter I 's reforms struck two blows at Zaryadye. Firstly, when the court relocated to Saint Petersburg , the area lost tenants, and many businesses closed. Secondly, Peter's rampart, built between Kitai-gorod wall and

754-455: The historical church of St. Anna and other relics had to be disassembled and rebuilt in the Kolomenskoye park; this did not materialize. The site was left vacant for over 15 years. A third round, in the 1960s, cleared these buildings near the bridge. The Rossiya Hotel was built in Moscow from 1964 until 1967 at the order of the Soviet government. Construction used the existing foundations of

783-528: The river, closed all the sewage moats, trapping all the waste inside Zaryadye. For at least a century, Zaryadye became an unhealthy and unsafe social bottom of Moscow. Things improved after the fire of 1812. The State, fearing future fires, banned all wooden construction. Poorer landlords of Zaryadye could not afford stone buildings and sold their properties. They were purchased by real estate developers, who quickly converted Zaryadye into an area of cheap rental housing, usually two or three stories high. For nearly

812-528: The river, closed all the sewage moats, trapping all the waste inside Zaryadye. For at least a century, Zaryadye became an unhealthy and unsafe social bottom of Moscow. Things improved after the fire of 1812. The State, fearing future fires, banned all wooden construction. Poorer landlords of Zaryadye could not afford stone buildings and sold their properties. They were purchased by real estate developers, who quickly converted Zaryadye into an area of cheap rental housing, usually two or three stories high. For nearly

841-577: Was finally approved by the authorities and construction began in 1964. Construction was completed on 1 January 1967. At the time of its construction, the Rossiya Hotel was the largest hotel in the world with 3,182 rooms. In 1980,before the 1980 Summer Olympics this record was surpassed by the Izmailovo Hotel also in Moscow with 5,000 rooms, although it remained the second largest hotel in Europe until its closure in 2006. On February 25, 1977,

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