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32-584: The voivodeship had its capital in the town of Rawa Mazowiecka , and its origins date back to the second half of the 15th century. In 1462, after the deaths of local Piast dynasty dukes, Mazovian lands of Rawa and Gostynin were incorporated into the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland . In 1476, the Land of Sochaczew returned to Poland as well. Borders of Rawa Voivodeship remained unchanged for more than 300 years, until

64-531: A hospital was completed. Rawa quickly modernized, but this process was halted by the Tsarist repressions after the failed November Uprising of 1830. On February 4, 1863, Rawa was captured by Polish insurgents of the January Uprising . Another clash between Polish insurgents and Russian troops took place on December 10, 1863. The town was almost completely destroyed in 1915 during World War I . After

96-530: A long and rich history. First mentioned in 1288, it received city rights in 1321. It used to be one of the most important cities of both the Kingdom of Poland and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , a Polish royal city and a capital of Rawa Voivodeship , a unit of administrative division which existed from 1462 until 1793 within the larger Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown . The starosta of Rawa

128-516: A modern fortress, in 1559 the so-called Rawa Treasure was placed here: the tax money needed to finance the regular army. Development of military technology made the complex obsolete by the mid-17th century. In September 1655, it was captured by Swedes during the Deluge . In 1657, before their retreat, Swedish soldiers blew up most of the complex; only the tower and fragments of walls remained. Soon afterwards, high ranking Swedish officer Pontus De La Gardie

160-634: A result, only the tower remained, with fragments of walls. In 1601 Carl Gyllenhielm , the so-called royal bastard, was brought to Rawa. Gyllenhjelm was captured in Valmiera by Lithuanians of Krzysztof Mikołaj "the Thunderbolt" Radziwiłł and Poles of Jan Zamoyski , during the Polish–Swedish War (1600–11) . It is not known how long the Swedish official was kept here. Another famous prisoner of

192-697: A reunified Masovia, it regained its independence, there Siemowit III promulgates a customary law in 1377. He reformed the administration, justice and the monetary system. In 1373/1374 he gave the regions of Warsaw and Rawa to his sons, Siemowit IV of Masovia and Janusz I of Warsaw . In 1335, Siemowit married Euphemia, daughter of Nicholas II of Opava . They had the following children: Siemowit remarried, after Euphemia's death to Anna, daughter of Nicolas of Ziębice . From this marriage he had three children: Siemowit accused Anna of adultery when she became pregnant with Henry. After his birth Siemowit had Anna strangled and Henry cast away. However, it turned out Henry

224-680: A small territory of Lesser Poland bounded by the river Pilica and Radomka . From that time, relations between Siemowit and Casimir III the Great become increasingly narrow. In 1363, Siemowit was invited to Kraków for the marriage of Elizabeth of Pomerania , granddaughter of the king of Poland, with the Emperor Charles IV. In September 1364 he participated in a conference in Kraków, which offered five crowned kings, dukes and princes extravagant festivities and tournaments. In 1369 Margaret,

256-684: The Second Partition of Poland . In 1800, Rawa County was created, and in November 1806, during the Napoleonic Wars , Prussians left the town. It became part of the newly formed Duchy of Warsaw . Since 1815, following Napoleon's defeat, Rawa became part of the Russian-controlled Congress Poland . In 1822, a town hall was built together with tenement houses in the main town square, and in 1829-1830

288-582: The Sejm , and two deputies to the Greater Poland Tribunal were elected (...) Rawa Voivodeship shared its coat of arms with Plock Voivodeship”. Voivodeship Governor ( Wojewoda ) seat: 51°45′56″N 20°15′17″E  /  51.765525°N 20.254807°E  / 51.765525; 20.254807 Rawa Mazowiecka Rawa Mazowiecka [ˈrava mazɔˈvʲɛt͡ska] is a town in central Poland , with 16,090 inhabitants (2022). It lies in

320-543: The Teutonic Order , Poland and Bohemia . Some historians believe that Siemowit rendered a tribute of vassalage to Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1346. Other historians say this happened in 1351, in order to inherit from Boleslaw III of Płock who was a vassal of Bohemia. But on 18 September 1351 Siemowit and Casimir recognised the Polish King Casimir III the Great as suzerain, canceling

352-698: The second partition of Poland in 1793, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia . Rawa Voivodeship had four senators in the Senate of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . These were the Voivode of Rawa, the Castellan of Rawa, and the castellans of Sochaczew and Gostynin. Local starostas resided in Rawa, Sochaczew and Gostynin. Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of

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384-645: The Łódź Voivodeship and is the capital of the Rawa County . From 1562 the city hosted the Rawa Treasury for the Polish army . During an excavation in 1948, a hoard wealth deposit dating from 600 BC was found containing 4 underground rooms with barrels of gold and silver. A smaller treasure was found containing mainly bronze artefacts from the Trzciniec culture , dating from around 1700 BC. Rawa has

416-519: The Duchy of Rawa, making it the first part of Mazovia that returned to Poland (...) Rawa Voivodeship had the area of 92 sq. miles. It was divided into three lands: those of Rawa, Sochaczew and Gostynin. Each land was divided into two counties. The lands were of roughly the same size, and in the mid-16th century, whole voivodeship had 100 Roman Catholic parishes and 15 towns (...) Sejmiks took place at Rawa, Sochaczew and Gąbin , during which two deputies to

448-683: The Lands of Old Poland provides this description of Rawa Voivodeship: “In the 15th century, the Duchy of Mazovia , ruled by local branch of the Piast dynasty , was divided into three parts, one of which was the Duchy of Rawa (...) On January 1, 1462, Siemowit VI died at the age of eighteen. A few weeks later, his teenage brother Wladyslaw II also died. Siemowit VI was the Duke of Plock and Rawa, and after his death, King Kazimierz Jagiellonczyk decided to incorporate

480-663: The Rawa Castle was Wawrzyniec Gradowski, a sorcerer and courtier of King Stephen Bathory , who in 1578 tried to poison him. Gradowski was locked in the castle, and died there. Other notable landmarks include the Baroque churches of the Immaculate Conception and of the Assumption. The local football club is Mazovia Rawa Mazowiecka  [ pl ] , which is also known as RKS Mazovia. It competes in

512-405: The administrative center of the Duchy of Rawa, which was independent in 1455-62. On December 7, 1462, King Casimir IV visited the castle, announcing the incorporation of the Duchy of Rawa, and creation of Rawa Voivodeship. In 1507, the complex burned in a fire, and two years ago, its reconstruction began. After ten years, the walls and the tower were strengthened. Since Rawa Castle was regarded as

544-509: The allegiance of Masovia and Bohemia. In exchange, they got Gostynin (Siemowit) and Sochaczew (Casimir), former possessions of Boleslaw III. Casimir also gave the Duchy of Płock to the brothers. When his brother Casimir died unexpectedly in 1355, Casimir III the Great left the Duchy of Warsaw to Siemowit. In exchange, he promised never to ally with enemies of Poland and the Duchy of Płock would return to Poland, unless Casimir III died without an heir. In addition, Casimir III offered Siemowit

576-477: The daughter of Siemowit, wife of Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania , adopted an illegitimate son of Casimir III the Great. At that time, Casimir IV of Słupsk was one of the contenders to succeed Casimir III the Great, who left only daughters. When Casimir III the Great died in 1370, under agreements concluded with one of his lifetime friends Siemowit III, he freed Siemowit from Polish suzerainty and gave Płock , Wizna , Wyszogród and Zakroczym back to Mazovia. Having

608-491: The death of their father and brother, Siemowit and his younger brother Casimir inherited the Duchy of Czersk . In 1345 following the death of their uncle Siemowit II of Rawa , they also inherited the Duchy of Rawa . In 1349 the two brothers shared their possessions. Siemowit gave the small region of Warsaw to his brother Casimir, retaining the regions of Czersk, Liw and Rawa. Early in his reign, Siemowit tried to establish good neighborly relations with his powerful neighbors:

640-485: The fourth league. Rawa Mazowiecka is twinned with: Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia Siemowit III of Masovia (alternatively Ziemowit III ; c.  1320 – 1381) was a prince of Masovia and a co-regent (with his brother Casimir I of Warsaw ) of the lands of Warsaw , Czersk , Rawa , Gostynin and other parts of Masovia. Siemowit was the second son of Trojden I of Masovia and his wife Maria , daughter of Yuri I of Galicia . In 1341, following

672-633: The local German POW camp, and rescued local Jews . He was murdered in August 1940 in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . The Nazi Germans established a Jewish ghetto in Rawa Mazowiecka in March 1941. As Krzysztof Urbański informs in his monograph Zagłada Żydów w dystrykcie radomskim , the ghetto consisted of two parts: one area consisted of a district called Jewish, and the second part

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704-585: The open air. In the morning, the Germans surrounded the ghetto. The Jews were forced to leave their homes, grouped together and then deported aboard Holocaust trains to the Treblinka extermination camp . Many town residents were shot during the ghetto liquidation action. German occupation ended in January 1945. As a result of World War II, 60% of all buildings were left in ruins. The picturesque Rawa Castle

736-412: The reign of Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia , Rawa was the capital of the whole Duchy of Masovia . In 1462, Rawa was incorporated into Poland, and named the capital of a voivodeship. The town prospered: wars of the 14th and 15th centuries did not affect Rawa. It was one of the largest cities of Mazovia. In 1613, a Jesuit church was built here, and by 1622, Jesuit collegium was completed. Among its students

768-448: The town. By 1942, the number of Jewish prisoners in the Rawa ghetto grew to four thousand. Typhus epidemic broke out due to poor sanitary conditions. The Jews died as the result of a starvation diet and occasional executions carried out in the castle. The murderous liquidation of the ghetto began on 27 October 1942. The day before the action, about four thousand Jews from Biała Rawska were brought to Rawa Mazowiecka and spent that night in

800-894: The town. Under German occupation , the town was administered as part of the Radom District of the General Government . Some of the Poles expelled from the Gostyń County in German-annexed Greater Poland in December 1939 were deported to Rawa. During the AB-Aktion , Germans arrested 20 Poles in mid-June 1940, among whom was parish priest Wacław Zienkowski, who joined the Polish resistance movement , helped Polish prisoners of war escape from

832-432: The war, in 1918, it was reintegrated with Poland, as the country regained independence. During the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland , which started World War II , Rawa was invaded by Germany, and already on September 10, German troops carried out a massacre of 40 inhabitants (17 Poles and 23 Jews ) in the town. In mid-September 1939, the Germans established a prisoner-of-war camp for captured Polish soldiers in

864-448: Was Jan Chryzostom Pasek , nobleman and writer best remembered for his memoirs. The period of prosperity ended during the catastrophic Swedish invasion of Poland (1655–1660), when Rawa was captured by Swedes (September 8, 1655), who completely destroyed both town and castle (1657). Rawa never recovered from the destruction, and even though it continued to be the capital of Rawa Voivodeship, the town lost importance. In 1676, its population

896-399: Was among most important personalities of early Poland, as he controlled the so-called “Rawa Treasury” - a large sum of tax money, kept at Rawa Castle for financing regular army units . Rawa Mazowiecka was first mentioned as a medieval gord , probably located on one of the local hills. In 1321, it received town charter, and in 1355-1370, a brick castle of Mazovian Dukes was built here. During

928-465: Was built by King Casimir III the Great in order to oversee and protect the southern parts of Mazovia, according to the ancient Chronicle of Jan Długosz . Another chronicler, Jan of Czarnków claimed however that the Castle was founded by Siemowit III, Duke of Masovia . It is not known when the construction began: probably it was in 1355. The castle was not completed until 1370, and by then, it served as

960-482: Was located at Łowicka Street. The two zones spread across the eastern part of town from the bridge on Rawka river to the bridge on Rylka river near the hospital. At the same time the area included the streets of Studzienna, Zatylna, Starościanska, Bóźnicza and Zamkowa Wola. In March 1942, the Germans killed the two Świderski brothers, members of the Polish resistance movement, who operated a secret Polish printing house in

992-542: Was only 100. In 1702, Swedish forces returned during the Great Northern War , once again destroying the town. One of two main routes connecting Warsaw and Dresden ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings Augustus II the Strong and Augustus III of Poland often traveled that route. In 1766, most of Rawa burned in a fire, and on February 4, 1793, the town was seized by the Kingdom of Prussia during

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1024-441: Was temporarily imprisoned in the remains of the castle. After the destruction of 1657, the complex was not rebuilt, and by the early 18th century, it was a ruin. In 1789, the Sejm assigned money for its reconstruction, and assigned the task to Starosta of Rawa, Feliks Lanckoroński. His efforts most likely failed, as by 1794 the castle was abandoned. Prussian authorities ordered its demolition, in order to gain building materials. As

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