18-599: The Razak Report was a Malayan educational proposal written in the 1956. Named after the then Education Minister, Tun Abdul Razak , its goal was to reform the education system in Malaya . The report was incorporated into the Section 3 of the Education Ordinance of 1957 and served the basis of the educational framework for independent Malaya and eventually Malaysia . Private schools were nationalized, education
36-453: A democratic government". The judicial system was a typical hierarchical structure consisting of lower courts, a High Court and a Court of Appeal. Successive Chief Justices were Sir Stafford Foster-Sutton (1950–1951) (afterwards Chief Justice of Nigeria , 1955), Sir Charles Mathew (1951–1956) and Sir James Beveridge Thomson (1957–1963). [REDACTED] Independence Day (Malaysia) Too Many Requests If you report this error to
54-615: The Pusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA), a conglomeration of radical Malay Political Parties and then merged with the All-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) which thoroughly opposed the 1948 Federation Agreement for the foundation of the Federation of Malaya. PKMM accused officials selected in the Federation of Malaya of being "puppets" of the "Colonial Office". For PKMM, there was no basis in "preparing Malaya as
72-702: The Federation of Malaya was headed by a British High Commissioner with executive powers, assisted and advised by the Federation of Malaya Executive Council and the Federation of Malaya Legislative Council . The conditions of citizenship of the Federation of Malaya were further tightened using law enforcement and naturalisation by application. Under the laws, the following were automatically granted citizenship: Via naturalisation (by application), one could achieve citizenship, given these criteria: In both cases (via naturalisation), applications must be well-behaved, swear allegiance and clarify their reasons for living in
90-668: The Loan and Debt Bill. In 1950, the Federation of Malaya Government rejected the registration of the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya ( Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya , PKMM) as a legitimate political party. PKMM had two wings, namely Angkatan Pemuda Insaf and Angkatan Wanita Sedar . Initially, PKMM did not have communist leanings. After Mokhtaruddin Lasso was elected as the first PKMM president in October 1946, this party
108-659: The Rahman Talib Report was introduced and incorporated in the Education Act 1961. Among others, it called for: This Malaysia -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to education in Asia is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Federation of Malaya The Federation of Malaya ( Malay : Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ; Jawi : ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو ), more commonly known as Malaya ,
126-700: The end of the meeting, the Pleno Conference produced a 100-page "Blue Book." It was signed on 21 January 1948 at King House by the Malay rulers, and by Sir Edward Gent as the representative of the British government. The Agreement superseded the Agreement creating the Malayan Union, and prepared for the establishment of the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948. The position of the Malay rulers
144-480: The federation, and are fluent in either the Malay or the English language. The Federation of Malaya, through its constitution, guarantees the rights and special position of the Malay people as well as rights, powers and sovereignty of the Malay rulers in their respective states. The federation agreement (Perjanjian Persekutuan) set the powers of the federal and state governments. Financial matters must be handled by
162-607: The first meeting that the citizens of the Federation of Malaya did not want the interference of external powers in the affairs of the Federation; the Chinese representative Ong Chong Keng asserted that the Chinese people would be loyal to the Federation of Malaya. At this first Council meeting, several minor committees were formed: The first session passed the Kuala Lumpur City Bill, the Transfer of Power Bill, and
180-570: The respective states. The Sultan was given full power on religious issues and Malay customs. Foreign policy and defence continued to be administered by the British government. The federation agreement was made the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and officially declared on 1 February 1948. The Federation of Malaya Legislative Council held its first meeting in the Tuanku Abdul Rahman Hall, Kuala Lumpur in 1948. It
198-467: The retention of other language medium schools. The Report provides for Malay, English, Chinese, and Tamil schools at the primary school level, and Malay and English schools at the secondary school level. Malay-medium schools are referred to as "national" schools, while other schools are referred to as "national-type" schools. All schools are government-funded and use a common national curriculum regardless of school type. Other provisions include: In 1960,
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#1732780009441216-582: The symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states. Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections with Malaya . The Malaya Agreement was formulated by the British–Malay Pleno Conference between June and December 1946. At
234-615: Was a country of what previously had been the Malayan Union and, before that, British Malaya . It comprised eleven states – nine Malay states and two of the Straits Settlements , Penang and Malacca . It was established on 1 February 1948. Initially a self-governing colony , Malaya became sovereign on 31 August 1957, and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded by Malaysia when it united with Singapore , North Borneo (Sabah), and Sarawak . Singapore
252-619: Was also restored. The Federation became independent from British colonial rule and became an independent member of the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore , Sarawak , and North Borneo ; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by the Philippines . Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965. The government of
270-725: Was expanded at all levels and was heavily subsidized, and the growth in enrollment rate accelerated. The Razak Report was a compromise between the Barnes Report (favoured by the Malays) and the Fenn-Wu Report (favoured by the Chinese and Indians). The Barnes Report was formerly passed into law as the Education Ordinance of 1952. While the Razak Report forwards the Malay language as the main medium of instruction, it allows
288-458: Was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya as well as Sarawak and Sabah – now also known as East Malaysia – making up modern-day Malaysia. From 1946 to 1948, the eleven states formed a single British crown colony known as the Malayan Union . Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored
306-478: Was influenced with communism. The Young Malays Union ( Kesatuan Melayu Muda , KMM) merged with PKMM, and Burhanuddin al-Helmy became the second PKMM president. Burhanuddin led PKMM toward the formation of Melayu Raya , a merger of Indonesia and Malaya . In December 1947, Ishak Haji Mohamed became the third PKMM president and PKMM switched from communism to nationalism. PKMM tended against United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and colonisation. PKKM established
324-632: Was opened by the British High Commissioner Sir Edward Gent . Attendees included the British Minister of State for Colonial Affairs , Lord Listowel . The membership of the Council was structured to include: The unofficial members were required to be either Federation citizens or British subjects . In 1948 the ethnic composition of the council was made up as follows: Dato' Onn Jaafar stressed at
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