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29-636: The sign is named after the Rabaa al-Adawiya Square in Nasr City , Cairo Governorate , which surrounds the Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque , where a sit-in was held by the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters to celebrate the one-year anniversary of Morsi's inauguration. The sit-in lasted for about forty days before it was dispersed by security forces, leading to clashes that resulted in 638 deaths, of which 43 were police officers. Supporters state that

58-413: A decree on 16 October 2014 banning the alliance. Another decree was issued on 30 October 2014 which dissolved the alliance. A court postponed the appeal of the dissolution of the alliance until 13 November 2014. Parties and organizations in the coalition include: The Wasat Party withdrew from the alliance on 28 August 2014. The Homeland Party withdrew from the alliance on 17 September 2014, though

87-706: A mediator, though he stated that he would act as a mediator if there were no preconditions. The alliance has said it will boycott the 2014 constitutional referendum . Various groups and parties within the alliance including al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya , the Building and Development Party, the Islamic Party, the Freedom and Justice Party and the Virtue Party have criticized the Nour Party for its support of

116-458: A sit-in protest area for supporters of President Mohamed Morsi after he was removed from power by Minister of Defense Abdel Fattah el-Sisi on July 3. The mosque was later destroyed on August 14, 2013, during what became known as the August 2013 Rabaa massacre , when security forces violently moved in and evacuated the area, resulting in at least 638 deaths. The mosque was later rebuilt under

145-551: A terrorist organization by Egypt. On the other hand, supporters of the Brotherhood, whether inside or outside Egypt, believe the gesture represents freedom and persistence. They also deny any association with terrorism. Egyptian and non-Egyptian politicians, mostly supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood, are regularly seen making the Rabia gesture, which is identical to one common gesture for the number four . Among these politicians

174-515: Is "legitimate," having won the Egyptian presidential election of 2012 , which was considered to be free and fair. Days before opposition protests, pro-Morsi protesters organized counter-demonstrations to celebrate his one-year anniversary in office, wanting him to remain in office until his term had finished. On July 1, a 48-hour deadline was issued to Morsi, demanding that he respond to the protesters' demands. Morsi refused to do so. On July 3, which

203-518: Is Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan who claims the four fingered sign stands for "One people, one flag, one homeland, one nation'. Beginning on June 30, 2013, anti-government protests in Egypt were organized nationwide against President Mohamed Morsi , demanding his resignation and consequent early presidential elections. Key participants were the Tamarod movement, April 6 Youth Movement and

232-420: Is a mosque located on the northern edge of Nasr City district in eastern Cairo . It was named after the 8th-century Sufi saint Rabia al-Adawiya . A number of high-profile funerals have been conducted at the mosque, including that of Anwar Sadat and Ma'mun al-Hudaybi , partially due to its proximity to the cemetery east of Cairo. In July 2013, Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque and the adjacent Rabaa Square became

261-463: Is already out of the Islamist spectrum, and has no relation with Islamic radicalism. Its meaning has extended to protesting against dictatorship and tyranny in general." Rabaa al-Adawiya Square The Rabaa al-Adawiya Mosque ( Arabic : مسجد رابعة العدوية , Egyptian Arabic: [ˈɾɑbʕɑ l.ʕædæˈwejjæ] ), also transliterated Rabi'a al-Adawiya , Rabaa el-Adawia or Rabaa el-Adaweya ,

290-516: Is considering withdrawing from the alliance. Osama Hafez, the leader of the groups shura council, has called on the organization to withdraw from the alliance. A court verdict that could have banned the alliance was not given on 21 May 2014 because the Cairo Court for Urgent Matters ruled that it lacked jurisdiction. An appeal to dissolve the coalition was thrown out on 22 September 2014 partly because it did not indicate what parties are part of

319-479: The Al-Wafd party, in addition to numerous unaffiliated protesters, who were mostly secularists . One of the main causes of the protests, and of the earlier 2012 Egyptian protests , was Morsi granting himself executive powers over courts, which protesters alleged would make him increasingly authoritarian over time. Morsi, being to this date in power for almost one year, refused to resign, insisting that his presidency

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348-607: The Muslim Brotherhood are still demanding that Morsi be reinstated as president. The group has reached out to what it called "fellow revolutionaries" to cooperate with them against the protest law in Egypt in order to jointly organize protests; Kefaya objected to the call for cooperation. Members of the Building and Development Party , the political arm of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya , wanted to meet with Yasser Borhamy ,

377-579: The Muslim Brotherhood , along with affiliated organizations, such as the Anti-Coup Alliance and the National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy claimed that 2,600 protesters were killed. In the wake of the dispersal, violence occurred across Egypt, as retaliation against the security forces who dispersed the sit-ins. Furthermore, many corpses remained unidentified as they bore gunshot wounds and were charred beyond recognition. In

406-571: The National Alliance Supporting Legitimacy ) is a coalition in Egypt formed to reverse the ouster of former president Mohamed Morsi . The coalition is made up of approximately 40 Islamist parties and groups. The coalition has called upon the opposition to break ties with figures they call "corrupt" from the Mubarak regime. Notably, the political wing of the group (the Building and Development Party ) and

435-588: The Wasat Party did not take part in protests held by pro-Morsi forces during the week of 18 October 2013. The alliance offered a new reconciliation initiative that does not include the reinstatement of Morsi on 26 October 2013; al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya , Egyptian Islamic Jihad and the Homeland Party are not calling for the reinstatement of Morsi, while the Virtue Party , Authenticity Party and

464-579: The 2014 report, Human Rights Watch said at least 1,150 demonstrators were killed in the dispersal, which, the organization said, probably amounts to " crimes against humanity ." After the sit-ins dispersal , the Rabaa sign emerged widely in social media and protest marches in Egypt. Various reports place its origin in Turkey, not Egypt, and later performed by the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan But

493-729: The Egyptian military. The sign is used as part of the protests against the government. The colors used in the graphical sign, the yellow and black, respectively resemble the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem , and the Kiswah of the Kaaba . The namesake of the sign is the Rabaa al-Adawiya Square in Nasr City , Cairo Governorate , where Brotherhood affiliates held a sit-in. The square is named after

522-806: The Muslim saint Rabia Basri . The name Rabia in Arabic means has two meanings; 'fourth' (singular feminine), hence the four-fingered hand gesture and also 'Queen' and 'Royalty'. The gesture is identical to a gesture for the number four , and is made by raising four fingers of either hand (preferably the right hand) and folding the thumb. The Rabia sign and gesture has influenced certain political and social levels among, both in Egypt and in particular, Turkey. Prime Minister and later president of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his supporters, has been seen in several conferences and speeches making Rabia gestures. The Mayor of Istanbul , Kadir Topbaş , announced days after

551-589: The deputy head of the Salafist Call as well as Emad Abdel Ghaffour , who is the head of the Homeland Party. Borhamy reportedly could not meet with the members, while Ghaffour asked them to stop demonstrations before talks could begin and rebuffed their demands for the reinstatement of Morsi and the bringing back of the Shura Council that was dissolved. Borhami denied being asked to serve as

580-794: The direction of the Egyptian Armed Forces . The Association of the Rabia al-Adawiya Mosque established in 1993 is an association working in the field of philanthropy and development in Cairo. The Assembly Board of Directors works with a General Assembly of 300 volunteers. This article about a mosque or other Islamic place of worship in Egypt is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . National Coalition for Supporting Legitimacy Presidency Government Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) Supporters Opponents Family [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Anti-Coup Alliance (also known as

609-584: The dispersals in August 2013 at an opening ceremony of the Dörtyol Square in the district of Esenler , that he wanted to rename it to ‘Rabia Square.’ Egyptian kung fu champion Mohamed Youssef was wearing a T-shirt with the Rabia sign on it after winning the gold medal at the 2013 Kung Fu World Championship in Russia ; this led to harsh criticism in anti-Brotherhood media and a subsequent one-year ban by

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638-469: The draft constitution. The Islamic Party has not participated in meetings with the group because of what Mohamed Abu Samra (the secretary-general of the party) called the " brotherhood's radical thought". The Salafist Front issued a statement on 30 April 2014 that called on the alliance to temporarily stop its actions in order to avoid more violence; the alliance did not suspend its activities in response. Egyptian Prime minister Ibrahim Mahlab issued

667-560: The gesture is used to express solidarity with what they call "the thousands wounded, killed and burnt by the Egyptian Army" during the dispersal of their sit-in. The origin of the sign is unknown. Critics of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Morsi Government allege that the sign implies indirect support for terrorism, due to the sign's use being mostly limited to persons supportive of the Brotherhood, which has been designated

696-412: The national kung fu federation. Egyptian football player Ahmed Abd El-Zaher also celebrated one of his goals by making the Rabia gesture, which led to his subsequent suspension by the club from the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup . On 25 December 2013, the Muslim Brotherhood was designated a terrorist organization in Egypt. German journalist Thorsten Gerald Schneiders claimed that "[t]he [Rabia sign]

725-481: The other hand, Human Rights Watch claimed that only firearms were observed, rather rarely, and that the protesters were ″overwhelmingly peaceful to be attacked in such a disproportionate and premeditated lethal way." The official death toll, according to the Egyptian Health Ministry , was 638 deaths, of which 595 were protesters, and 3,994 injured, in addition to 43 police officers dead. However,

754-561: The reason for its leaving was to reorganize itself. The Authenticity Party was considering leaving the alliance because it has not achieved its goals. The Salafist Front had withdrawn from the alliance on 30 November 2014. The Independence Party announced on 4 December 2014 that it had withdrawn. The Arab Unification Party and the Islamic Party have withdrawn from the Anti-Coup Alliance. al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya

783-616: The reinstatement of Morsi. On August 14, the Egyptian National Police dispersed the sit-in in Rabaa and a smaller one in Nahda. Initially, the Interior Ministry had intended to peacefully evacuate the protesters with little to no force. However, the dispersal resulted in violent clashes, which led to deaths among both sides. Al-Masry Al-Youm alleged that the protesters at Rabaa owned dangerous weapons. On

812-406: The sign stemmed from the "Rabaa Al-Adawiya" Mosque, located in Cairo, Nasr City. Rabaa (رابعة) is the Arabic word for "the 4th" which is believed to have influenced the 4 fingered raising gesture. The Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque and its surrounding streets, is where the Muslim Brotherhood members were protesting against the removal of the then Egyptian President Morsi, before they were violently removed by

841-409: Was when the deadline ended, Morsi was removed from offices. Sit-ins originally to celebrate the one-year anniversary of his inauguration became anti-government, anti-protests, and anti-military as supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood and Morsi held two main sit-ins opposing the protests and subsequent overthrow. The sit-ins comprised individuals supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood, who were demanding

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