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21-630: PRRS was an important force in the elections of 1931 , winning 54 seats in the Cortes Generales that proclaimed the Second Spanish Republic on April 14. It suffered a major setback by 1933, when it only gained five seats. In the meantime, it formed part of Prime Minister Manuel Azaña 's coalition between Left Republican parties and the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE); Álvaro de Albornoz

42-506: A huge victory and was helped by a public that was more liberally inclined than in 1933 or 1936. The lowest turnout , 56%, was in Ceuta ; the highest, 88%, in Palencia . Broadly speaking, turnout was higher in the north than in the south. Overall, turnout was around 70% which was considered high. The Socialists won around 2,000,000 votes; Republicans 1,700,000, Radical Socialists 1,350,000 and

63-470: A threat to the richest, but had broad support from all segments of society. Niceto Alcalá-Zamora was the first prime minister of the Republic. The wealthier landowners and the middle class accepted the Republic because of the lack of any suitable alternative. An electoral law of May 1931 replaced the previous single-member constituencies with much larger multi-member ones. The Senate was abolished and so

84-415: Is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems . An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list ) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can be open , in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, or closed , in which case

105-645: The Constituent Cortes was the first such election held in the Second Republic . It took place in several rounds. General Primo de Rivera , who had run a military dictatorship in Spain since 1923, resigned as head of government in January 1930. There was little support for a return to the pre-1923 system, and the monarchy had lost credibility by backing the military government. Dámaso Berenguer

126-738: The Republican Union . Both the Republican Left and the Republican Union ended up joining the Popular Front in 1936. This article related to a European Liberal party is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a political party in Spain is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Spanish general election, 1931 Niceto Alcalá-Zamora DLR Manuel Azaña AR The 1931 Spanish general election for

147-571: The casual vacancy in a list-PR system is typically filled by the highest-ranked candidate on the departed representative's list who was not already elected. For personal or party-strategic reasons, this person may choose to cede the place to a lower-ranked colleague. Replacement lists are sometimes used to fill casual vacancies in single transferable vote electoral systems. An example is European Parliament elections in Ireland since 1984 . In New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) system ,

168-797: The right-wing of Gordón de Ordás favored an agreement with Lerroux's PRR. Towards the end of 1933, the leftists created the Independent Radical Socialist Republican Party (PRRSI), which fused with Republican Action and the Autonomous Galician Republican Organization to create the Republican Left in 1934. The remainder of the party, now dominated by moderates, merged with the Radical Democratic Party of Diego Martínez Barrio into

189-579: The "party list" refers to the closed list of candidates nominated by a registered party for election to the New Zealand Parliament . Voters cast two votes: one for an electorate candidate and one for the party at large. The "party vote" generally determines the overall distribution of seats in Parliament, with candidates from the party list being elected based on their ranking on the list. The state list ( German : Landesliste )

210-683: The Liberal Republican Right 950,000. Summary of the 28 June 1931 election results: Party divisions at the start of the Cortes, after seats had been awarded between coalitions: Electoral list Condorcet methods Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results An electoral list

231-533: The campaigning; the right, still reeling at the loss of the monarchy, remained disorganised. Only in one area did the right manage to collectivise sufficiently: the Basque Country . Many members of the right switched to republicans, despite having little in common with them: one group in Asturias went under the contradictory name the "Monarchist-Republican Party". The Republic and Socialist coalition won

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252-432: The committee's work. The committee's proposed list may then be changed in a selection meeting, where new candidates may be added, or existing candidates may be moved or removed from the list. When the internal process is over, the final list is made public. The list may be printed on the ballot paper cast by voters at the election, or on a separate voter information paper. When an elected representative vacates their seat,

273-437: The government became unicameral . There would be one seat for every 50,000 people, with a separate seat for any city with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Any electoral list gaining an outright majority of votes in a district would be guaranteed and simultaneously restricted to 80% of the seats. A list winning a plurality of votes but failing to win a majority would receive two thirds of the seats. The remainder would be passed to

294-402: The moderation and compromise being argued by Lerroux. The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party stood to the left of the political spectrum, and was kept in line with the coalition by a majority of its leadership, rather than unanimously. A legal revolution was necessary, argued a key figure, Largo Caballero . However, extremists inside and outside of the party loomed as potential competition, and

315-581: The order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list. Electoral lists are required for party-list proportional representation systems. An electoral list is made according to the applying nomination rules and election rules . Depending on the type of election, a political party , a general assembly , or a board meeting, may elect or appoint a nominating committee that will add, and if required, prioritize list-candidates according to their preferences. Qualification, popularity, gender, age, geography, and occupation are preferences that may influence

336-469: The party's line was thus that the coalition was only a stepping stone to a fully-socialist state. The official instructions were that civil authorities were not to interfere with the vote; but in some areas ad hoc republican patrols were set up, which undoubtedly deterred some conservatives from voting. Some members of councils stood; some provincial governors did the same, but not it their own area of governance. The Republican-Socialist coalition dominated

357-621: The second list if it received 20% of the vote. Voters were entitled to vote for as many or as few districts as they liked. The system favoured multi-party coalitions, which could thus win a majority of votes. Women were unable to vote in this election, but they could stand for and be elected to office. They achieved the vote in the Constitution of December 1931 and were able to vote for the first time in 1933, before those in France and some other countries. The Liberal Republican Right (DLR)

378-572: Was at odds with most republicans, who believed greater reforms were necessary to bring about stability. That was the case with the Radical Socialist Party, led by Álvaro de Albornoz and Marcelino Domingo , which promulgated extremist views. "There is nothing to be conserved", Albornoz argued. Manuel Azaña led the Republican Action Party . Azaña was keen to change the political system quickly – he hated

399-517: Was led by Alcalá Zamora and Miguel Maura . Uniquely, it identified as Catholic and did the most to appeal to monarchists and those on the right. However, despite putting up 116 candidates across Spain, it led a poor campaign, which was poorly organised. Led by Alejandro Lerroux , the Radical Republican Party occupied most of the middle ground and was far more successful at winning conservative, moderate support. Such conservatism

420-590: Was one of the architects of the secular legislation passed by the Cortes, and also served as Justice Minister. The party was shaken by several crises during its existence. In 1932, Juan Botella Asensi left the PRRS to found his own group ( IRS , Izquierda Radical-Socialista – Radical-Socialist Left); the following year, it was split over the issue of collaboration with the PSOE: the left-wing, led by Domingo and Albornoz, argued for continued participation in government, while

441-470: Was ordered by the king to form a replacement government, but his dictablanda dictatorship failed to provide a viable alternative. In the municipal elections of 12 April 1931, little support was shown for pro-monarchy parties in the major cities. King Alfonso XIII fled the country and the Second Spanish Republic was formed. The Second Republic was a source of hope to the poorest in Spanish society and

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