The Revolutionary Military Council ( Russian : Революционный Военный Совет , romanized : Revolyutsionny Voyenny Sovyet , lit. 'Revolutionary Military Council'), sometimes called the Revolutionary War Council or Revvoyensoviet ( Реввоенсовет ), was the supreme military authority of Soviet Russia and later the Soviet Union . It was instituted on September 2, 1918, by decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), known as the "Decree Declaring the Soviet Republic Military Camp".
19-604: Prior to Revvoyensoviet , the two main military authorities had been the Supreme Military Council ( Высший военный совет , Vysshy voyenny sovyet ) and the operations division of the People's Commissariat on War and Navy Affairs . The decree put all fronts and military organizations under the command of the chairman of Revvoyensoviet , with a commander-in-chief second-in-line to the chairman to lead strategic and military operations stateside. The chairman
38-597: A state power the leadership of the RSDLP(b) adopted a decision at the 7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on formally disbanding of its military organizations. The military organizations were used to established local military revolutionary committees throughout cities of the Russian Empire and along its frontlines. After establishing a Soviet power in the capital of Russia
57-682: The Armed Forces of the USSR" ( Stavka Glavnogo Komandovaniya ) (Russian: Ставка Главного Командования Вооруженных Сил Союза ССР ), was established on 23 June 1941 by a top-secret decree signed by Joseph Stalin in his capacities both as the head of government and as the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union . According to this decree, Stavka was composed of the defence minister Marshal Semyon Timoshenko (as its president),
76-603: The General Headquarters in the late 19th-century Imperial Russian armed forces and subsequently in the Soviet Union . In Western literature it is sometimes written in uppercase ( STAVKA ), although it is not an acronym. Stavka may refer to its members, as well as to the headquarters location (its original meaning from the old Russian word ставка , 'tent'). The commander-in-chief of the Russian army at
95-820: The Russian Supreme Commander-in-Chief Lavr Kornilov and the Bolshevisation of Soviets also played a major role in establishing of the Soviet military presence. The council gradually overtook the authority of the Ministry of War of the Russian Republic completely changing the defense policy of Russia. Per decree "On creation of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government" the committee
114-509: The beginning of World War I was Grand Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch , a grandson of Tsar Nicholas I . Appointed at the last minute in August 1914, he played no part in formulating the military plans in use at the beginning of the war. Nikolai Yanushkevich was his chief of staff . In the summer of 1915 the Tsar himself took personal command, with Mikhail Alekseyev as his chief of staff. In
133-723: The college of war minister and a leader of revolutionary forces, while later a position of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was created and by the end of November the Supreme Navy College was added to the council. On November 22, 1917 the Soviet government appointed its own Supreme Commander-in-Chief and overran the Main Headquarters of Supreme Commander-in-Chief ( Stavka ) in Mogilev when the acting Supreme Commander-in-Chief General Dukhonin
152-412: The council continued to rely on decisions Petrograd VRK leadership and encouraged creation of new military revolutionary committees throughout the former Russian Empire that played a key role in solidifying of the Soviet power. By the beginning of 1918 the number of military revolutionary committees jumped to 220. In the Soviet historiography the role of Petrograd VRK was depicted as a preventative against
171-524: The counter-revolution (such as the Kerensky–Krasnov uprising ) rather than an instigator of revolution. Stavka The Stavka ( Russian and Ukrainian : Ставка, Belarusian : Стаўка) is a name of the high command of the armed forces used formerly in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union and currently in Ukraine . In Imperial Russia Stavka referred to the administrative staff , and to
190-652: The country's resources towards defense. Headed by Lenin , the council consisted of the premier (Lenin), the chairman of Revvoyensoviet (Trotsky), a representative of VTsIK ( Joseph Stalin ), and several narkoms . Revvoyensoviet was dissolved under the Soviet Union in 1934. This Russian military article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Council of People%27s Commissars on War and Navy Affairs (Soviet Russia) Council of People's Commissars on War and Navy Affairs ( Russian : Совет Народных Комиссаров по Военным и Морским Делам , Soviet Narodnykh Kommissarov po voyenym i morskim dyelam )
209-603: The deputy defence minister of the army, Meretskov, was arrested following false charges made by Beria and Merkulov . Meretskov was subsequently released from jail on the same day, at the end of the first week of September 1941, which was called for by Stalin. Stavka's Main Command was reorganized into the Stavka of the Supreme Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Komandovaniya ) on 10 July 1941. This action occurred after Stalin
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#1732765458630228-785: The head of General Staff Georgy Zhukov , Stalin , Vyacheslav Molotov , Marshal Kliment Voroshilov , Marshal Semyon Budyonny and the People's Commissar ( Narkom ) of the Navy Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov . The same decree organized at Stavka "the institution of permanent counsellors of Stavka": Marshal Kulik , Marshal Shaposhnikov , Kirill Meretskov , head of the Air force Zhigarev , Nikolay Vatutin , head of Air Defence Voronov , Mikoyan , Kaganovich , Lavrenty Beria , Voznesensky , Zhdanov , Malenkov , Mekhlis . Very soon afterwards,
247-598: The years 1915–1917 Stavka was based in Mogilev and the Tsar, Nicholas II, spent long periods there as Commander-in-Chief. The Stavka was divided into several departments: The Stavka was first established in Baranovichi . In August 1915, after the German advance, the Stavka re-located to Mogilev . The Stavka of the Soviet Armed Forces during World War II , or the headquarters of the "Main Command of
266-510: Was appointed by VTsIK on to serve as People's Commissar (or narkom ) of War and Navy Affairs. The first chairman of Revvoyensoviet was Leon Trotsky , with Latvian rifleman Jukums Vācietis as his commander-in-chief. Vācietis was replaced in July 1919 by Sergei Kamenev who served until 1924. On November 30, 1918, the Council of Labour and Defense was created with the goal of mobilizing
285-730: Was headed by a collegiate of the Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (Petrograd VRK) "Field Headquarters" (triumvirate) consisting of Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko , Pavel Dybenko and Nikolai Krylenko . Ovseyenko oversaw the Military ministry and internal front, Dybenko headed the Navy ministry, while Krylenko was put in charge of foreign front. However, on the next day the leadership was increased to 10 members, due to organizational complications. The same day (November 9, 1917) Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko
304-592: Was killed by enraged soldiers. The Military People's Commissariat was practically finalized and fully functional on December 10, 1917. Key role in establishing the Soviet military presence played military revolutionary committees (VRK) and the Communist Party military organization. The Soviet military majorly was based on its own military organizations of the RSDLP(b) headed by the Military organization at Central Committee, better known as Voyenka (abbreviation derived from Voyennaya Kommissiya ). Upon acquiring
323-521: Was named Supreme Commander, and replaced Timoshenko as head of Stavka. On 8 August 1941 it was again reorganized into Stavka of the Supreme Main Command ( Stavka Verkhovnogo Glavnokomandovaniya ). On the same day Strategic Directions commands were instituted. A 17 February 1945 decree set out the membership of Stavka as Stalin (President), Zhukov, Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Aleksei Antonov , Nikolai Bulganin and Kuznetsov. The Stavka of
342-609: Was placed in charge of the Petrograd Military District replacing at that post Mikhail Artemyevich Muravyov . Together with Muravyov, Antonov was placed in charge of an expeditionary force to the Southern Russia, while the acting Supreme Commander-in-Chief was General Nikolay Dukhonin . On November 15–16, 1917 new changes took place. The committee changed its name to the Council of People's Commissars on War and Navy Affairs . Originally it consisted of
361-727: Was the very first military government agency of the Soviet Russia initially named as the Committee on affairs of War and Navy. The council was created on November 8, 1917 (day after the October Revolution ) on the decree of the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets "On creation of the Provisional Workers' and Peasants' Government" which was the name of the Russian Sovnarkom . The Kornilov Affair sanctioned by Alexander Kerensky which resulted in detention of
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